• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.469-481
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• 2006

법랑질 침식의 병인 중에서 식이습관은 많은 관심을 받아왔고 특히 산성음료의 음용이 많은 주의를 끌어왔다. 산성음료의 급속한 소비량 증가는 치아뿐만 아니라 치아색 수복재료의 표면에도 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구는 어린이들이 비교적 일상적으로 접하는 산성음료 중 가장 보편화된 3종을 선택하여 치아색 수복재료의 노출시간에 따른 표면의 변화를 조사할 목적으로 시행되었다. Resin-modified glass-ionomer, polyacid-modified composite resin, composite resin을 0.9% NaCl, 콜라, 오렌지 쥬스, 스포츠 음료의 각 4개 군으로 나누어 저장하였다. 저장 전과 저장 후 1일, 1-,2-,3-,4-주에 표면강도 및 표면조도를 측정하였고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 산성음료에 저장했을 경우 composite resin을 제외한 치아색 수복재들은 통계학적으로 유의한 표면강도와 표면조도의 변화를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 표면강도 및 표면조도의 변화는 resin-modified glass-ionomer, polyacid-modified composite resin composite resin 순으로 크게 나타났다. 3. 콜라나 오렌지 쥬스보다 스포츠 음료에서 표면변화는 더 크게 나타났다. 4. 산성음료에 저장한 군의 SEM 촬영에서 resin-modified glass-ionomer, polyacid-modified composite resin의 경우 충전제의 상실이 관찰되었으며 특히 resin-modified glass-ionomer의 경우 심한 균열이 관찰되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.46-91
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• 1994

l. Backgrounds of Studies Cerebrovascular accident. one of the three major causes of death among audults with cardiopathy and malignancy, has been on the increase in korea while it is on the decrease in European countries and Japan. Types of stroke undergo changes caused by prolongment of life expectancy. and social and economic variety. More patients of ischemic stroke show a tendency to increase now than those of hemorrhagic stroke in the past. Many clinical studies on medical cerebrovascular and oriental stroke of paralysis have been published. but few clinical studies on therapeutics of integrated oriental and western medicine are to be found. So I have made an attempt to study clinical observations and therapeutic responses of ischemic stroke under integrated oriental and western medicine. 2.Methods. Among the patients admitted into the clinic of Joong-Poong, Woo-Suk University Hospital from May 1. 1993 until April 30. 1994 those 56 patients who were diagnosed as ischemic stroke on Computed Tomography(CT) and showed no dubious symptom after examination of coagulation and bleeding time were classified into the following six steps and treated: l)diagnosis 2)emergency treatment 3)basic treatment 4)treatment of risk and provoking factors. and preceeding disease 5)complications and conservative therapy 6)rehabilitation. For a period of basic treatment both herb medication and urokinase therapy were applied at the same time. Intravenous injection has been given at a unit of 300.000 dosage a day as urokinase therapy during basic treatment. If they showed any dubious symptom in glucose tolerance test. fructose 500ml and urokinase 300.000 dosage were mixed and injected. In case of no symptom 5% DW 500ml was mixed with urokinase 300.000 unit. and injected at a speed of 15gtt per minute. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The level of ambulation has been improved from 42.9% when admitted to 73.2% when discharged in the degree of recovery. The level of severe function disorder has been remarkably decreased from 55.4% when admitted to 19.6% when discharged. 2) The treatment effect on the basis of therapeutic response of clinical and subjective symptom shows as follows: 7.1% Excellent. 35.7% Good. 37.5% Effective. 10.7% Stationary. and 8.9% Aggravated. The total recovery above effective shows 80.3%. Judging from the above results I think it proper to develop the model of better preventing and treating ischemic stroke through effective therapeutic and clinical studies of integrated oriental and western medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.957-965
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• 2005

The effect of ammoniation with urea and with soybean meal (SBM) as a source of urease on the nutritive value of wheat straw was evaluated in sheep. Twenty-four male Najdi lambs were used in a 3${\times}$2 factorial design, in which the animals were allocated to three straw treatments: 0% urea-treated (NT), 6% urea-treated (UT) and 2.2% urea-supplemented (US) straws. Each straw treatment was either supplemented or non-supplemented with 70 g SBM $kg^{-1}$ straw during the treatment time with urea, giving a total of six straw treatments. Each of these treatments was individually fed ad libitum to 4 lambs, together with 300 g of barley grain/head/day. Total N content of UT and US straws increased significantly (p<0.001) as compared to NT straw. The degree of urea hydrolysis, either with or without SBM addition, was nearly similar. Lambs fed either UT or US straw based diets had significantly (p<0.01) and numerically (p>0.05) higher straw DM intake (g $d^{-1}$ $kg^{-1}$ $BW^{0.75}$), compared to those fed NT straw based diet. Apparent DM or OM digestibilities increased significantly (p = 0.014) in lambs fed UT diet, and numerically (p>0.05) in lambs fed US diet as compared to those fed NT diet. Fiber (CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose) digestibility increased to a similar magnitude, averaging 20.2 (p<0.001) and 7.8% (p<0.07); this corresponds to 35 (p<0.001) and 51% (p<0.001) in N digestibility and approximately 78 (p<0.017) and 105% (p<0.002) in N retention, for UT and US diets, respectively, as compared to NT diet. However, the UT diet had higher (p<0.01) fiber digestibility over the US diet. Addition of SBM tended to improve (p = 0.09) straw DM and digestible OM intakes, while significantly increasing (p<0.001) total and digestible CP intakes across all diets. Lambs fed on US diet had higher ruminal ammonia N than those fed on UT (p<0.05) or NT (p<0.001) diets. However, ruminal pH and molar proportion of the volatile fatty acids did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment diets. This study suggests that US and UT treatments, particularly the latter, improved straw intake, digestibility and N utilization by lambs compared to NT treatment. On the other hand, addition of SBM as a source of urease had a negligible effect on urea hydrolysis.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.237-388
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• 1992

This study was done to identify the degree of congruence between nurses and patients on patients' health problems. The purposes of this study were 1. To compare the health problems of parturient women as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 2. To compare the health problems of patients who have had gynecological surgery as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 3. To compare the health problems of chemotherapy patients as identified by interview and in the nursing record. The design of this study was a comparative descriptive design. The subjects were 205 Obstetric-Gynecologic patients. The tool for this study was an 11 item questionnaire, including one open ended question on the patient's problem during the past one day. Data was collected through interviews and an audit of the nursing records during the period from March 22, 1992 to April 29, 1992. Data was analyzed using by frequencies and percentiles. The result of this study were summarized as follows : Pain was the most prevalent complaint for parturient women by interview(60.3% ) and from the nursing records(83.2%). There was no record in the nursing records about the complaints of lack of information and emotional problems even though there were complaints of communication problems (17.6%) and of emotional problems(3.5%) identified in the interviews but there were more records of cardiopulmonary problems in nurses record(9.1%) than the patient interviews (3.3%). In the nursing records 25.9% of the identified records identified pain problems compared with 23.3% in the interviews. In the nursing records, 22.3% of the records identified nutrition problem as compared with 18.2% in the interview. There were only a very few emotional problem identified in the nursing records (3.7%) as compared to 18.2% in the interviews. There were no comments about communication problems in the nursing records but 5.2% of the subjects mentioned of communication problems in the patient interview. There were problems in five categories for the parturient women ; comfort, communication, activity and rest, elimination, emotions, and there were problems in ten categories for the surgery patients : comfort, elimination, communication, emotions, nutrition, cardiopulmonary, thermoregulation, physical integrity, host defense and activity /rest. There were also problems in the same ten categories for chemotherapy Patients. On the other hand, in the nursing records, only comfort activity /rest, and elimination problems were identified for the parturient women, there were only seven categories of problems : comfort, elimination, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, and nutrition for the gynecology surgical patients, and for the chemotherapy Patients, comfort, nutrition, physical integrity, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, thermoregulation, emotion and elimination were the categories identified, and no communication problems were identified. It was found that there was low congruence between the patients' problems as identified through patient interview and as recorded in the nursing records. Therefore it can be concluded that the main content of the nursing records is the physical problems of the patients and this is not in congruence with the patients' reported problems in the emotional and communication domain.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the knowledge and educational needs related to recurrent in coronary artery bypass graft patients as a basis to provide an individual nursing education for the population. The subjects consisted of 110 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Asan Medical Center in Seoul and Sechong hospital in Buchon. Data was obtained from a knowledge questionnaire and a learning needs questionnaire between November 1998 and February 1999. Data were analyzed using SAS program for Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. With regard to the 18 items to measure knowledge, the mean (median) of items 'don't know' was 4.9(4) items. The mean (median) of items answered wrong was 3.2(3) items. The number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less education, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension 2. With regard to the level of knowledge by questionnaire about CABG, The most "I dont know" (59.1%) highly response was 'He has to be treated with anticoagulant drug to prevent revasculized vessel from obstructing.' The seond highest response (56.4%) was 'If you were hypotensive, the coronary attack would collapse. 'During the hospitalized day, the patient has complete bedrest.' The highest error probability was cholesterol has not to intake.', 'After surgery, the sexual life is need controlled for 1 year. 3. The mean of educational needs was 3.38. With regard to the level of learning needs by sentence about CABG, 'Food that benefit heart disease', 'Recurrence possibility of heart disease', 'Management method of operation site', 'Risk symptom that visit hospital or report immediately' were higher than other sentenses. With regard to the level of learning needs by factor 'food(5 items)', 'disease(9 items)' and 'exercise(3 items)' showed the highest than other factors. The educational needs by patients characteristics tend to show higher in males, under the age of 49, middle or high school degree, previous experience of admission with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, expierience of PTCA, history of cerebro-vascular accident, previous expierience of smoking than in their counter parts. 4. The number of items answered 'don't know', wrong and correct weren't correlated with the level educational needs. As the results, the number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less educated, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension .There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' on anti-thrombolitic theraphy, hypotension and pain relief. Also there were higher frequency of items answered wrong on bed rest period, cholesterol intake, and sexual life. Educational needs were higher in young age group, had previous experience of procesure and history of other disease. And when we educate CABG patients, education for diet, recurrence possibility of disease, management methods of operation site and risk symptom should be emphasized.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2005

두부방사선규격사진에서는 매 촬영 시마다 두부의 수직적 회전 정도를 일정하게 유지하기 위하여 두부자세의 재현이 필요하다 본 연구는 유도방법에 따른 자연두부자세의 수직적 두부회전 정도의 차이를 비교하고 각 두부자세의 재현성을 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다 20대 성인 남녀 30명을 연구대상으로 하여 head posture aligner를 이용한 방법(HPA법)과 self balance posture를 이용한 방법(SBP법)으로 자연두부자세를 유도하여 측모 및 정모두부방사선규격사진을 각각 한 달 간격으로 촬영한 후, 측모두부방사선규격사진 상에서 유도 방법에 따른 수직적 두부회전 정도의 차이를 비교하는 한편, 측모 및 정모두부방사선규격사진에서 시간 간격을 두고 동일 방법으로 유도하여 촬영한 두 사진 상의 동일 계측항목 간 차이를 비교함으로써 각 두부자세의 유도방법에 대한 재현성을 평가하였다 연구결과 SBP법으로 유도한 자연두부자세는 HPA법에 의해 유도된 자연두부자세보다 평균 $2.79^{\circ}$ 고개를 숙인 자세로 나타났다. 또한 HPA법 또는 SBP법을 이용하여 시간 간격을 두고 각각 2회 촬영한 측모두부방사선규격사진과 정모두부방사선규격사진 상의 계측치는 모든 계측항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 HPA법과 SBP법으로 유도한 자연두부자세가 모두 재현성이 있음을 나타내는 것으로 두부방사선규격사진 촬영 시 재현성을 높이기 위하여 HPA법과 더불어 SBP법도 임상적으로 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2013

Objectives: Infererior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage may be one of the distressing complications occurring during implant placement. Because of nature of closed injury, a large proportion is approached non-invasively. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of conservative management of the injured nerve during dental implant procedure. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four patients of implant related IAN injury, who were managed by medication or observation from January 1997 to March 2007 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, were retrospectively investigated. The objective tests and subjective evaluations were performed to evaluate the degree of damage and duration of sensory disturbance recovery. Tests were performed on the day of the first visit and every two months afterward. Patient's initial symptoms, proximity of the implant to the IAN, time interval between implant surgery and the first visit to our clinic, and treatment after implant surgery were analyzed to determine whether these factors affected the final outcomes. Results: Among the 64 patients, 23 had a chief complaint of sensory disturbance and others with dysesthesia. The mean time until first visit to our hospital after the injury was 10.9 months.One year after nerve injury, the sensation was improved in 9 patients, whereas not improved in 38 patients, even 4 patients experienced deterioration. Better prognosis was observed in the group of patients with early visits and with implants placed or managed not too close to the IAN. Conclusion: Nearly 70% of patients with IAN injury during implant placement showed no improvement in sensation or dysesthesia with the conservative management. Earlier decision for active treatment needs to be considered because of possibility of deterioration of symptoms and unsatisfactory recovery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.257-277
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• 2000

New techniques for regenerating the destructed periodontal tissue have been studied for many years. Current acceptable methods of promoting periodontal regeneration are basis of removal of diseased soft tissue, root treatment, guided tissue regeneration, graft materials, and biological mediators. Platelet Rich Plasma has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing progress including cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of using the Platelet Rich Plasma as a regeneration promoting agent for furcation involvement defect. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. The dogs were anesthetized with Ketamin HCl(0.1 ml/kg, IV)and Xylazine hydrochloride($Rompun^{(R)}$, Bayer, 0.1 ml/kg, IM) and conventional periodontal prophylaxis were performed with ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiosteal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, degree II furcation defect was made on mandibular third(P3), forth(P4) and fifth(P5) premolar, and stopping was inserted. After 4 weeks, stopping was removed, and bone graft was performed. Ca-P was grafted in P3(experimental group I), Combination of Ca-P and plasma rich platelet were grafted in P4(experimental group II), and P5 was remained at control group.Systemic antibiotics(gentamicin sulfate)and anlgesics(phenyl butazone) were administrated intramuscular for 2 weeks after surgery. Irrigation with 0.1% Chlorhexidine Gluconate around operate sites was performed during the whole experimental period except one day immediate after surgery. Soft diets were fed through the whole experiment period. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by perfusion technique. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with Gomori's trichrome staining. At 4 weeks after surgery, there were rapid osteogenesis phenomenon on the defected area of the Platelet Rich Plasma plus Ca-P BBP group and early trabeculation pattern was made with new osteoid tissue produced by activated osteoblast. Bone formation was almost completed to the fornix of furcation by 8 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, Platelet Rich Plasma can promote rapid osteogenesis during healing of periodontalregeneration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1330-1335
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• 2005

붉은 갈색계통 염색제 성분 중의 하나인 p-phenylenediamine(PPD)는 일반적으로 여성들이 사용하는 염색제의 주요 성분으로 시야 흐림 및 구토와 같은 전신적 아나필락시스, 피부염 또는 방광암 등이 유발된다고 한다. 그러나 PPD의 피부 독성과 유해산소와 관련된 연구는 아직까지 미흡한 실정이다. 본 실험에서는 체중 $230\pm20g$의 Sprague-Dawley 종의 흰쥐의 피부에 PPD을 도포하였을 때 조직의 손상정도를 상호비교하고 조직의 손상 원인을 구명하고자 실험동물에 PPD($2.5\%$ PPD in $2\%\;NH_{4}OH$)을 표면적 $25 mg/16.5\;cm^2$씩 2일 간격으로 3회 및 5회 도포하였다. PPD 3회보다 5회 도포군에서 피부조직 의 표피 및 케라틴 층의 비후, glucose 5-phosphatase 활성의 감소 및 acid phosphatase 활성의 증가 정도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 유해산소의 생성계 및 해독계와 관련하여 피부조직의 손상정도를 확인한 결과, 유해산소 생성계인 xanthine oxidase의 활성은 PPD 3회 보다5회 도포군에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 유해산소 해독계인 superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase 활성 및 reduced glutathione 함량은 대조군보다 PPD 도포군에서 감소하였다. 한편, xanthine oxidase의 활성이 3회 PPD 도포군에서는 별다른 변동이 없음에도 불구하고 oxygen free radical system의 감소와 피부조직의 손상이 나타난 것은 흰쥐의 피부조직 에서 PPD를 대사하는 동안 생성된 대사산물에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때 PPD 도포에 의한 피부조직의 손상은 PPD 도포 횟수에 비례하여 유해산소 생성율이 증가하여 나타난 결과로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.616-621
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• 2007

찐빵의 저장성을 향상시키고자 제조시 솔잎발효액을 설탕 대용으로 사용하여 반죽을 제조하고 발효하여 찐빵을 가공하였다. 솔잎 발효액의 양을 반죽의 가용성 고형분에 기준하여 밀가루 대비 8.3%, 11%, 18%로 첨가하여 반죽의 특성을 살펴보고, 제조된 찐빵의 저장 중 품질을 측정하였다. 대조구를 포함한 처리구의 반죽은 pH $5.45{\sim}5.90$, 수분활성도 $0.94{\sim}0.96$의 범위를 유지하여 적절한 효모발효에 적당한 수준에 있었고 적절한 경도를 보여주었다. 솔잎 추출액의 첨가는 찐빵의 부피와 비용적을 20% 이상 증가시키는 데에 긍정적으로 기여하였다. 솔잎 추출액이 많이 첨가되면 저장 중 찐빵의 경도 증가가 지연되어서 노화가 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 11% 이상의 함량으로 솔잎 추출액을 많이 첨가하면 관능적 품질에서 초기에 솔잎향으로 인하여 약간의 거부감이 있었으나, 저장 2일 후에는 오히려 긍정적으로 나타났다. 또 솔잎 추출물이 첨가된 찐빵은 표면의 세균 및 곰팡이의 성장이 억제되어서(저장 4일에 대수값으로 $0.8{\sim}2.4$) 저장성 향상과 저장수명의 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.