• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.520-526
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• 1997

Bacterial strains which degrade Arabian Light crude oil were isolated by enrichment culture from oil-spilled soil. The strain A54 was finally selected after testing emulsifying activity and oil conversion rate. Strain A54 was identified as a Acinetobacter sp. based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. It appears to be highly specialized for growth on Arabian Light crude oil in minimal salts medium since it showed preference for oil or degradation products as substrates for growth. It was found that it could grow on at least fifteen different hydrocarbons. The optimum cultural and environmental conditions were as follows; 25$\circ$C for temperature, 7,5 for pH, 2.0% for NaCl concentration and 2.0% for crude oil concentration. Additionally, the optimal concentration of NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$, and K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, were 12.5 mM and 0.057 mM, respectively. Cell growth and emulsifying activity as a function of time were also determined. Crude oil degradation and the reduction of product peaks were identified by the analysis of remnant oil by gas chromatography. Approximately 63% of crude oil were converted into a form no longer extractable by mixed organic solvents.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

Tidal flats which are ecologically sensitive, are hard to remediate once they are contaminated by oil spill accidents. Traditional oil remediation measures focus on removal efficiency, and their improper implementation can adversely affect crude oil contaminated coastal areas and greatly disrupt the structure and functions of crude oil contaminated tidal flats. In this study, the oil degradation due to the implementation of remediation measures naturally enhanced using air and natural oil sorbents was evaluated in the lower strata of tidal flats. The effects of air and natural oil sorbents on oil degradation for two concentration levels (< 500 ppm and > 500 ppm) were tested at artificially contaminated tidal flats. Fifty days after these treatments, the natural oil sorbent treatment showed the lowest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration ($4.46{\pm}1.47%$) at the low concentration level, whereas both air and natural oil sorbent treatments showed high degradation efficiencies at the high concentration level ($29.30{\pm}4.39%$). Although the phosphatase activity decreased for all treatments, there was no significant difference between the decreases for the different treatments; on the other hand, B-glucosidase activities were high for both air and natural oil sorbent treatments. Although degradation efficiencies decreased as the concentration increased, the air provision and natural oil sorbent treatment could be an effective ecological restoration measure for oil contaminated tidal flats while minimizing the environmental impact of the remediation efforts.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.452-457
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• 1999

Several bacterial strains utilizing crude oil as their sole carbon and energy sources were isolated from marine. One of the strains named KCL-1 showed the highest degradative activity for crude oil and the best growth rate. This strain was identified as a Klebsiella sp. based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The optimum cultural conditions were as follows; $32^{\circ}C$~$37^{\circ}C$ for temperature and 7.0 for initial pH. Additionally, the optimal concentration of sodium chloride was 3.0%, indicating that this strain was derived from seawater. KCL-1 could use several kinds of n-alkane hydrocarbons from octadecane to hexacosane as a sole carbon source. The degradation of crude oil by KCL-1 was stimulated by addition of octadecane in the culture. The emulsifying activity by KCL-1 was highest after 3 days of cultivation under the condition of 3.0% sodium chloride, pH 7.0 and $37^{\circ}C$.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2000

원유를 탄소원으로 이용할수 있는 그람 음성 박테리아가 도시하수 처리장의 활성슬러지로부터 단리되어 Acinetobacter속으로 동정되었다. 이 균은 원유중의 알칸과 미확인된 다종의 한화수소를 분해할 수 있었으며 소수성 기질인 알칸을 단일 탄소원으로 이용하여 증식할수 있었다. 원유중 탄소수 13-30의 알칸은 동시에 분해가 진행되었으며 한소수의 짝수, 홀수에 따른 분해특성의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 균의 선형적인 증식과 알칸 성분의 분해특성으로부터, 원유상에서 기질의 초기 산화가 진행되는 미생물부위까지 물질전달이 분해과정의 율속이 됨을 알수 있었다. 분해 진행후 반응계내 알칸의 잔류 현상이 관찰되었는데 이는 Acinetobacter 속의 특성으로 알려져있는 세포내 탄화수소 함유체의 영향으로서 원유로 부터의 물질전달을 제어하는 요인이 될수 있음을 시사하였다. 따라서 본 균은 환경중 잔류하는 소수성 오염물질의 분해메카니즘 연구에 중요한 역할을 한다고 사료된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2016

Bioremediation is one of the most effective ways to remediate TPH-contaminated sites. However, under actual field conditions that are not at the optimum temperature, degradation of microorganisms is generally reduced, which is why the efficiency of biodegradation is known to be significantly affected by the soil temperature. Therefore, in this study, the labscale experiment was conducted using indigenous crude oil degrading microorganisms isolated from crude oil contaminated site to evaluate the remediation efficiency. Crude oil degrading microorganisms were isolated from crude oil contaminated soil and temperature, which is a significant factor affecting the remediation efficiency of land farming, was adjusted to evaluate the microbial crude oil degrading ability, degradation time, and remediation efficiency. In order to assess the field applicability, the remediation efficiency was evaluated using crude oil contaminated soil (average TPH concentration of 10,000 mg/kg or more) from the OO premises. Followed by the application of microorganisms at 30℃, the bioremediation process reduced its initial TPH concentration of 10,812 mg/kg down to 1,890 mg/kg in 56 days, which was about an 83% remediation efficiency. By analyzing the correlation among the total number of cells, the number of effective cells, and TPH concentration, it was found that the number of effective microorganisms drastically increased during the period from 10 to 20 days while there was a sharp decrease in TPH concentration. Therefore, we confirmed the applicability of land farming with isolated microorganisms consortium to crude oil contaminated site, which is also expected to be applicable to bioremediation of other recalcitrant materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2011

The bioremediation potential of crude oil by Polyporus sp. S133 pre-grown in wood meal was investigated in two separate experiment trials; liquid medium and soil. The effect of three nutrients (glucose, polypeptone, and wood meal), oxygen flow, and some absorbent on the efficiency of the process was also evaluated. Degradation of crude oil in soil was significantly increased with an addition of oxygen flow and some absorbent (kapok and pulp). The highest degradation rate of crude oil was 93% in the soil with an addition of 10% kapok. The present study clearly demonstrates that, if suitably developed, Polyporus sp. S133 could be used to remediate soil contaminated with crude oil.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1999

소수성 오염물질인 원유성분의 분해메카니즘을 규명하기 위하여 원유중 알칸성분의 동시분해능을 지닌 Acinetobacter sp. 를 단리하여 액체/고체알칸, 서로다른 고체알칸을 단일 또는 복합기질로 하여 비교분해연구를 행하였다. 또한 비분해성 유기액상성분인 pristane을 원유매체, 고체알칸인 heneicosane을 유효기질로 하는 실험계를 확립하여 원유성분의 분해모델로서 연구를 행하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 Acinetobacter sp. 는 기질의 물리적 상태가 다른 액체/고체 성분의 분해특성에 차이를 보이지 않고 소수성기질의 표면에 직접접촉하여 분해할수 있음을 시사하였으며, 서로 다른 고체알칸의 단일 또는 복합 분해연구와 탄화수소에 대한 미생물의 부착성 결과가 이를 믿바침하였다. 또한 고체성분이 원유중에서는 유기상내에 용존상태로 존재함에 착안한 heneicosane/pristane계의 연구결과 원유매체는 미생물로의 유효기질 전달을 억제함을 밝혔으며, 단일성분으로 존재할때에 비하여 분해가 일어나기 위한 미생물과의 접촉면적을 감소시키는 유효기질의 비표면적 저하가 주요 원인임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.901-905
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• 2004

The degradation and mineralization of crude oil were investigated over 50-days in three soils, loamy sand, sand, and combusted loamy, which were artificially contaminated with crude oil (50 g $kg^{-1}$) and inoculated with Nocardia sp. H17-1. The degradation efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in sand was the highest at 76% among the three soils. The TPH degradation rate constants $(k_{TPH})$ in loamy sand, sand, and combusted loamy sand were 0.027 $d^{-1}$, 0.063 $d^{-1}$, and 0.016 $d^{-1}$, respectively. In contrast, the total amount of $CO_2$ evolved was the highest at 146.1 mmol in loamy sand. The $CO_2$ evolution rate constants (k_{CO2})$ in loamy sand, sand, and combusted loamy sand were 0.057 $d^{-1}$, 0.066 $d^{-1}$, and 0.037 $d^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, it seems that the degradation of crude oil in soils can be proportional to the soil pore space and that mineralization can be accelerated with the increase of organic substance.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 1996

As basic study to evaluate the treatability of oil-contaminated environment with bacteria, isolation and characterization of crude oil-degrading bacterium were carried out. A bacterial strain SH-14 capable of degrading crude oil was isolated from contaminated soils by enrichment culture technique and identified as Acinetobacter sp. by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics, and so named Acinetobacter sp. SH-14. The optimal medium composition and cultural conditions for the growth and emulsification of crude oil by Acinetobacter sp. SH-14 used were crude oil of 2.0%, $KNO_3$ of 0.2%, $K_2HPO_4$ of 0.05%, and $MgSO_4\;{\cdot}\;7H_2O$ of 1.0%, along with initial pH 7.0 at $30^{\circ}C$. Acinetobacter sp. SH-14 showed to be resistant to chloramphenicol and utilized various hydrocarbons such as dodecane, hexadecane, isooctane, cyclo-hexane etc., as a sole carbon source. Acinetobacter sp. SH-14 harbored a single plasmid. By agarose gel electrophoresis and curing experiment it was found that the genes for crude oil components degradation were encoded on the plasmid.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1990

중온성과 고온성인 황산염 환원세균들을 사용하여 dibenzothiophene, 원유 및 Bunker C 유의 탈황실험을 하여 중온성인 분리균주 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans M6는 dibenzothiophene, crude oil를 42, 17 까지 탈황시켰으며, 고온성은 Desulfovibrio thermophilus에서 dibenzothiphene Bunker C 유를 각각 68, 33 탈화시켜, 황산염 환원세균에 의한 석유의 탈황 가능성을 보였다. 또한 Desulfovibrio 속과 Desulfotomaculum 속의 탈황 능력의 차이로부터 탈황기작이 hydrogenase와 환원력 원인 수소가 관련이 있다는 것을 알았다.