• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of short segment fixation following postural reduction for the re-expansion and stabilization of unstable burst fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Methods : Twenty patients underwent short segment fixation following postural reduction using a soft roll at the involved vertebra in cases of severely collapsed vertebrae of more than half their original height. All patients had unstable burst fracture with canal compromise, but their motor power was intact. The surgical procedure included postural reduction for 2 days and bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixations at one level above, one level below and the fractured level itself. Imaging and clinical findings, including the level of the vertebra involved, vertebral height restoration, injected cement volume, local kyphosis, clinical outcome and complications were analyzed. Results : The mean follow-up period was 15 months. The mean pain score (visual analogue scale) prior to surgery was 8.1, which decreased to 2.8 at 7 days after surgery. The kyphotic angle improved significantly from $21.6{\pm}5.8^{\circ}$ before surgery to $5.2{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ after surgery. The fraction of the height of the vertebra increased from 35% and 40% to 70% in the anterior and middle portion. There were no signs of hardware pull-out, cement leakage into the spinal canal or aggravation of kyphotic deformities. Conclusion : In the management of unstable burst fracture in patients with severe osteoporosis, short segment pedicle screw fixation with bone cement augmentation following postural reduction can be used to reduce the total levels of pedicle screw fixation and to correct kyphotic deformities.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2013

Multiple segment osteotomy orthognathic surgery serves to combine the total or segmental maxillary and mandibular correction of the dentofacial deformities with concurrent procedures to provide immediate repositioning to the dento-osseous elements. In addition, splitting the palate may often be necessary to correct a functionally poor relationship of the maxilla to the mandible or the facial skeleton by realigning the maxillary arch. In this case, the discrepancy in a bimaxillary horizontal relationship and the space between the 2nd premolar and 2nd molar was retained after lengthy preoperative orthodontic treatment. However, we could correct these dento-osseous discrepancies immediately by performing midpalatal expansion, anterior segmental osteotomy and symphyseal osteotomy with bimaxillary osteotomies. If the blood supply to each segment segments was maintained and primary closure of the operation site was feasible, multiple segment osteotomy was considered as a very effective technique for treating dentofacial deformities in vertical, transverse, and sagittal dimensions with differential repositioning of all segments.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2010

To characterize ecotoxicological responses to a natural estrogen, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, we evaluated the life-history of the parental ($F_0$) and first generation ($F_1$) of the harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus japonicus sensu lato. We evaluated the survival of nauplii and copepodites, the number of days until the emergence of copepodites and adult males, the sex ratio, brooding success, and the first brooding day of adult females. No significant differences in the survival rate were noted in response to treatments with different concentrations of $17{\beta}$-estradiol. However, $17{\beta}$-estradiol induced developmental delay and skewed the sex ratio toward males. Copepod development was delayed significantly in the 0.1 and $1\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol treatment groups relative to the control group, with a more pronounced delay in the $F_1$ group. Body length and biomass were significantly smaller in the $17{\beta}$-estradiol treated groups than in the controls. The male emergence of T. japonicus s.l. was very high in the 10 and $30\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol treatment group. Furthermore, exposure to $17{\beta}$-estradiol resulted in morphological deformities such as shrinking and swelling of the urosome, twisted setae of the caudal rami, setal loss of swimming legs, abnormal segmentation of antennules, and dwarfism.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 2016

Background The objective of this study was to develop a new surgical technique by combining traditional abdominoplasty with liposuction. This combination of operations permits simpler and more accurate management of various abdominal deformities. In lipoabdominoplasty, the combination of techniques is of paramount concern. Herein, we introduce a new combination of liposuction and abdominoplasty using deep-plane flap sliding to maximize the benefits of both techniques. Methods Deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty was performed in 143 patients between January 2007 and May 2014. We applied extensive liposuction on the entire abdomen followed by a sliding flap through the deep plane after repairing the diastasis recti. The abdominal wound closure was completed with repair of Scarpa's fascia. Results The average amount of liposuction aspirate was 1,400 mL (700-3,100 mL), and the size of the average excised skin ellipse was $21.78{\times}12.81cm$ (from $15{\times}10$ to $25{\times}15cm$). There were no major complications such as deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. We encountered 22 cases of minor complications: one wound infection, one case of skin necrosis, two cases of undercorrection, nine hypertrophic scars, and nine seromas. These complications were solved by conservative management or simple revision. Conclusions The use of deep-plane lipoabdominoplasty can correct abdominal deformities more effectively and with fewer complications than traditional abdominoplasty.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

Background Numerous condylar repositioning methods have been reported. However, most of them are 2-dimensional or are complex procedures that require a longer operation time and a highly trained surgeon. This study aims to introduce a new technique using a condylar repositioning plate and a centric relation splint to achieve a centric relationship. Methods We evaluated 387 patients who had undergone surgery for skeletal jaw deformities. During the operation, a centric relation splint, intermediate splint, final centric occlusion splint, and condylar repositioning plate along with an L-type mini-plate for LeFort I osteotomy or a bicortical screw for bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were utilized for rigid fixation. The evaluation included: a physical examination to detect preoperative and postoperative temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 3-dimensional computed tomography and oblique transcranial temporomandibular joint radiography to measure 3-dimensional condylar head movement, and posteroanterior and lateral cephalometric radiography to measure the preoperative and postoperative movement of the bony segment and relapse rate. Results A 0.3% relapse rate was observed in the coronal plane, and a 2.8% relapse rate in the sagittal plane, which is indistinguishable from the dental relapse rate in orthodontic treatment. The condylar repositioning plate could not fully prevent movement of the condylar head, but the relapse rate was minimal, implying that the movement of the condylar head was within tolerable limits. Conclusions Our condylar repositioning method using a centric relation splint and miniplate in orthognathic surgery was found to be simple and effective for patients suffering from skeletal jaw deformities.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2020

Background Microtia with constricted features is characterized by a short helical length of variable severity, upper antihelical or scaphal deficiency, and a downfolded upper ear. No consensus has been reached regarding the most appropriate surgical method for this condition. In this study, we aimed to introduce a simple and safe surgical method for the correction or reconstruction of upper helix ear deformities. Methods Between February 2011 and June 2014, eight patients with microtia with constricted upper helix ear deformity underwent reconstruction of the ear deformity. The upper ear helical framework was constructed by carving and curving the eighth rib cartilage harvested from the ipsilateral chest wall, covering this cartilage with a superficial temporal fascial flap, and adjusting the skin graft to align with the ear contour. To evaluate their satisfaction, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding ear shape, symmetry, position, color, and overall outcome scored on a 5-point scale at 12 months postoperatively. Results None of the patients experienced severe complications in the reconstructed ear. The preoperative and postoperative vertical ear length ratios were 0.88 and 1.02, respectively. And the mean patient satisfaction scores for shape, symmetry, position, color, and overall outcome were 4.2, 4.5, 4.7, 4.4, and 4.6 out of 5 points, respectively. All patients expressed a high level of satisfaction at 12 months postoperatively. Conclusions Our technique provides a good alternative method for the reconstruction of moderate constricted upper helix ear deformities in patients who meet the surgical indications with satisfactory outcomes and few complications.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

Septal deviations interfere with the nasal airflow and contribute to the deformities in the external appearance of the nose. An aesthetically and functionally satisfactory correction of severe septal deformities often requires temporary intraoperative removal of the septal cartilage for appropriate remodeling. This article describes septoplasty through dorsal approach for the correction of septal deviation. From March 2001 to April 2004, the author performed septoplasty through dorsal approach for the correction of septal deviations on 45 patients, of whom 22 of whom had nasal obstruction. Open rhinoplasty was used for dorsal approach in all patients and operation was performed under the general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The follow-up period of the patients ranged from 3 to 15 months with a mean of 10 months, and postoperative results were quite satisfactory. There was neither incidences of patients' complaints, nor any complications such as hematoma, septal perforation, supratip deformity, or recurrence. And there was some improvement of nasal obstruction in 15 patients. In conclusion, Septoplasty through dorsal approach is an effective method for the correction of septal deviation and improvement of the nasal airway obstruction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1980

From November 1978 to April 1979, there occurred among cows many cases of abortion, premature birth, stillbirth and congenital arthrogryposis or hydranencephaly in Kyongki-do province in Korea. Epizootics recurred between February and May, 1980 in the same area. Six calves born at 8 or 10 months of gestation were examined by means of pathology and one of the calves was examined by serological test. And a survey on local occurrence of the disease in other than Kyongki-do province, was conducted. 1. At necropsy, some calves showed distinct lesions such deformities of the limbs and the vertebrae as arthrogryposis or scoliosis. Other calves revealed arthrogryposis and partial or total deficience of the cerebral hemispheres with hydranencephaly. 2. In the calves with deformities the skeletal muscle showed histologically severe hypoplasia of the muscle fibers with cellular infiltration. In the central nervous system of the calves with hydranencephaly there were minute cystic cavitation and the decrease of ventral horn cells of the spinal cord in the number. 3. Similar epizootics were also observed in the same season in the other several provinces such as Chungoheongnam-do, Kangwon-do and Jeonrabuk-do. 4. Anti-Akabane virus antibody was detected in precolostral blood from the calf with arthroglposis and hydranencephaly syndrome. 5. On these findings of the disease it was diagnosed as Akabane disease presenting the first report on the epizootics in Korea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2009

Purpose: The key points of treatment of cryptotia are the elevation of invaginated ear helix and the correction of deformed cartilage. Prevention of stabilized cartilage contouring from returning to the previous state is also important. The authors carried otoplasty by modified Onizuka's method or Ohmori's method that conchal cartilage graft or high density polyethylene implant(MEDPOR$^{(R)}$) graft served as fixation after spreading posterior aspect of adhered antihelix and a splint for prevention of recurrence of cartilage deformities. The aim of this study is to reveal the availability of the high density polyethylene implant(MEDPOR$^{(R)}$) graft for the correction of cryptotia. Methods: We have repaired 17 cryptotic deformities using cartilage graft from cavum of concha(12 cases) or high density polyethylene implant(5 cases) for correction of deformed cartilage. We investigate the operative time, complications, and satisfaction of postoperative ear shape on both autogenous cartilage graft group and high density polyethylene implant graft group. Results: There was 1 case of reinvagination on autogenous cartilage graft group. Implant exposure was occurred on high density polyethylene implant graft group, as 1 case. These were statistically no differences between autogenous cartilage graft group and high density polyethylene implant graft group to the satisfaction of ear shape. Conclusion: High density polyethylene implant(MEDPOR$^{(R)}$) present an alternative to autogenous material as they allow of fibrovascular ingrowth, leading to stability of the implant and decreased infection rates. The correction of deformed cartilage by using the high density polyethylene implant(MEDPOR$^{(R)}$) is a good option for the treatment of cryptotia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2001

Back pain has plagued humans for many thousands of years. The treatment of back pain is divided into operative treatment and conservative treatment. It is reported that cure rate of conservative treatment is 80~90 percent. Generally, the treatment of oriental medicine is mostly conservative treatment. But, surgery should not be used as a last resort in treatment; it is just one of many treatment options for various spinal conditions. In some instance, it can be to preferred choice; in other situations, alternative therapies may be superior. Selections of the operation in HIVD 1. Acute disc herniations with a protracted significant component af back pain. 2. Chronic disc degeneration with significant back pain and degeneration limited to one or two disc levels. 3. Sugical instability created during decompression. 4. The presence of neural arch defects coincident with disc disease. 5. Symptamatic and radiographically demonstrable segmental instability. Selections of the operation in stenosis 1. If it does not slowly progress in physical therapy and other nonoperative measures, many of these patients may ultimately need surgical decompression. 2. Absolute stenosis in an impression of CT, MRI.(under 10mm) 3. In patients with established symptoms of .neurogenic claudication. 4. In patients with bad influence of neurogenic derangement.(strength, sensory) Selections of the operation in spondylolisthesis 1. Persistence or recurrence of major symptoms for at least one year despite activity modification and physical therapy. 2. Tight hamstrings, persistently abnormal gait, or postural deformities unrelieved by physical therapy. 3. Sciatic scoliosis. 4. Progressive neurologic deficit. 5. Progressive slipping beyond 25 or 50 percent, even when asymptomatic. 6. A high slip angle (40 to 50 degrees) in a growing child, since it is likely to be associated with further progression and deformity. 7. Psychologic problems attributed to shortness of trunk, abnormal gait, and postural deformities characteristic of more severe slips.