• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.4956-4962
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• 2012

자동차의 다양한 부품 중 자동차 시트는 인간과의 직접 접촉 부위로서 승차감을 평가 할 수 있는 가장 기본적인 항목이다. 따라서 자동차 시트는 승차감과 동시에 충분한 강성과 강도를 가져야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 시트에서의 시트 쿠션 프레임과 백 프레임을 3D 모델링하였고, 쿠션 프레임의 비틀림 강도, 수직하중강도 시험, 백 프레임의 강도 시험 3가지 실험에 대해서 시뮬레이션으로 구조해석을 하였다. 해석결과, 쿠션 프레임 비틀림 강도 시험에서는 초기 전변형량의 최대값은 5.8421mm가 나왔고, 영구 전변형량의 최대값은 0.02539mm가 나왔다. 쿠션 프레임 수직하중강도 시험에서는 쿠션 프레임 앞쪽 끝단의 전변형량은 2.1159mm이고, 뒤쪽 끝단은 0.0606mm이다. 하중을 더 증가한 경우는 전변형량의 최대값은 3.1739mm가 나왔다. 3 가지의 백 프레임 강도 시험에서는 최대의 전변형량은 0.18634mm로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 자동차 시트 쿠션 프레임 및 백프레임의 과도한 변형 및 파괴가 없음으로서 승객의 안전을 보장하는 충분한 강성과 강도를 검증할 수 있었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1991년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.45-50
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• 1991

This research has been carried out experimently to verify the structural efficiency of the reinforced concrete columns subjected to cyclic lateral loadings in the inelastic range. Sixteen specimens have been used in the tests, the factors such as reinforcing bars, shear-span ratio, axial load level and loading history being taken differently. The load-carrying capacities and the stiffness degradation in the inelastic range by cycle lateral load application have been counted by observing the load-deformation relationship, the crack initiation and propagation and the energy dissipation phenomena.

• 센서학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a sensor with a C-shaped load cell to detect force change when a person sitting on the chair in an electrical transport-convenience vehicle is pushing ground by both heels. The load cell built in the vehicle is mechanically deformed by the vertical force owing to the human weight and the horizontal force by ground-pushing feet. The deformation rate of the load cell and its distribution are simulated using finite element analysis. In the simulation, the applied loads are preset in the range of 10 kg - 100 kg with a step size of 10 kg, and the ground-pushing force by feet is increased to 40 N with a step size of 5 N with respect to each applied load level. The resistance change of the load cell was observed to be linear in simulation as well as in measurement. the maximum difference between simulation and measurement was 0.89 % when the strain gauge constant was 2.243. The constant has a large influence on the difference. The proposed sensor was fabricated by connecting an instrument amplifier and a microcontroller to a load cell and used to detect the force by ground-pushing feet. To detect foot driving, the reference signal was set to 130% of the load, and the duration of the sensor output signal exceeding the reference signal was set to 0.6 s. In a test of a vehicle built with the proposed sensor, the footpushing force by the worker could be successfully detected even when the worker was working.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2014

According to deformation features of pre-twisted bar, its elastic bending and torsion buckling equation is developed in the paper. The equation indicates that the bending buckling deformations in two main bending directions are coupled with each other, bending and twist buckling deformations are coupled with each other as well. However, for pre-twisted bar with dual-axis symmetry cross-section, bending buckling deformations are independent to the twist buckling deformation. The research indicates that the elastic torsion buckling load is not related to the pre-twisted angle, and equals to the torsion buckling load of the straight bar. Finite element analysis to pre-twisted bar with different pre-twisted angle is performed, the prediction shows that the assumption of a plane elastic bending buckling deformation curve proposed in previous literature (Shadnam and Abbasnia 2002) may not be accurate, and the curve deviates more from a plane with increasing of the pre-twisting angle. Finally, the parameters analysis is carried out to obtain the relationships between elastic bending buckling critical capacity, the effect of different pre-twisted angles and bending rigidity ratios are studied. The numerical results show that the existence of the pre-twisted angle leads to "resistance" effect of the stronger axis on buckling deformation, and enhances the elastic bending buckling critical capacity. It is noted that the "resistance" is getting stronger and the elastic buckling capacity is higher as the cross section bending rigidity ratio increases.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.5-21
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• 2007

보강토 옹벽은 기존 콘크리트 옹벽에 비하여 많은 장점을 지니고 있으나 장기적으로 지속하중 혹은 반복하중 등에 의한 잔류변형의 우려로 영구 구조물로서의 적극적인 적용에 장애가 되고 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 보강토 구조물의 시간 의존적 잔류변형 메카니즘의 규명과 아울러 잔류변형을 예측하고 제어하는 기술이 확보되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구의 필요성에 근거하여 보강토 옹벽에 발생할 수 있는 장기변형 특성 고찰에 주안점을 두고 지오그리드와 표준사로 뒤채움된 모형 보강토 옹벽에 대한 지속하중 혹은 반복하중 등 다양한 하중이력에 대한 보강토 구조물의 장기변형 특성 메카니즘을 축소모형실험을 통해 고찰하였다. 그 결과 보강토 옹벽의 시간의존적 변형은 작용하는 하중특성 뿐만 아니라 뒤채움흙 및 보강재의 역학적 특성에도 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 선행하중을 작용함으로써 시간 의존적 잔류변형을 제어할 수 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2002

In this study, the progressive inelastic deformation, so called, thermal ratchet phenomenon which can occur in high temperature structures of liquid metal reactor was simulated with thermal ratchet structural test facility and 316L stainless steel test cylinder. The thermal ratchet deformation at the reactor baffle cylinder of the liquid metal reactor can occur due to the moving temperature distribution along the axial direction as the sodium free surface moves up and down under the cyclic heat-up and cool-down transients. The ratchet deformation was measured with the laser displacement sensor and LVDTs after cooling the structural specimen which is heated up to 55$0^{\circ}C$ with steep temperature gradients along the axial direction. The temperature distribution of the test cylinder along the axial direction was measured with 28 channels of thermocouples and was used for the ratchet analysis. The thermal ratchet deformation was analyzed with the constitutive equation of nonlinear combined hardening model which was implemented as ABAQUS user subroutine and the analysis results were compared with those of the test. Thermal ratchet load was applied 9 times and the residual displacement after 9 cycles of thermal load was measured to be 1.79mm. The ratcheting deformation shapes obtained by the analysis with the combined hardening model were in reasonable agreement with those of the structural tests.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 아스팔트 콘크리트의 전단 물성을 고려한 영구변형 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 아스팔트 콘크리트의 전단 물성과 영구변형과의 상관성을 고찰하기 위해서 세 가지 종류의 아스팔트 콘크리트에 대해서 반복재하삼축압축(RLTC) 시험 및 삼축압축강도 시험과 간접인장강도 시험을 다양한 하중과 온도 조건에서 시행하였다. 주어진 아스팔트 콘크리트에 대하여 온도가 증가함에 따라 점착력은 감소하였으나 온도가 $40^{\circ}C$ 이상인 경우 마찰각은 온도 변화에 민감하지 않은 거동을 나타내었다. 축차응력, 구속압, 온도 및 하중 주파수가 영구변형에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 관측할 수 있었다. 이러한 실내 시험 결과로 부터 아스팔트 콘크리트의 전단물성과 하중재하시간에 기초한 영구변형 모델을 개발하였다. 또한 일반적인 포장 단면에서 실시한 포장가속시험 결과를 이용해서 영구변형 모델을 보정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 영구변형 모델을 이용하여 다양한 온도와 하중조건에서 아스팔트 콘크리트의 영구변형을 예측할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

For the large deformation of shear walls under vertical and horizontal loads, there are difficulties in obtaining accurate simulation results using the response analysis method, even with fine mesh elements. Furthermore, concrete material nonlinearity, stiffness degradation, concrete cracking and crushing, and steel bar damage may occur during the large deformation of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. Matrix operations that are involved in nonlinear analysis using the traditional finite-element method (FEM) may also result in flaws, and may thus lead to serious errors. To solve these problems, a planar four-node element was developed based on vector mechanics. Owing to particle-based formulation along the path element, the method does not require repeated constructions of a global stiffness matrix for the nonlinear behavior of the structure. The nonlinear concrete constitutive model and bilinear steel material model are integrated with the developed element, to ensure that large deformation and damage behavior can be addressed. For verification, simulation analyses were performed to obtain experimental results on an RC shear wall subjected to a monotonically increasing lateral load with a constant vertical load. To appropriately evaluate the parameters, investigations were conducted on the loading speed, meshing dimension, and the damping factor, because vector mechanics is based on the equation of motion. The static problem was then verified to obtain a stable solution by employing a balanced equation of motion. Using the parameters obtained, the simulated pushover response, including the bearing capacity, deformation ability, curvature development, and energy dissipation, were found to be in accordance with the experimental observation. This study demonstrated the potential of the developed planar element for simulating the entire process of large deformation and damage behavior in RC shear walls.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2009

Behavior of a package of a microwave oven under the clamping condition is evaluated by tests and the finite element analyses. PAM-CRASH software is used for the finite element analyses. Results of the analyses are compared with those of the tests and accuracy is shown to be favorable. Under the clamping condition of the original design, severe deformation occurs and an improved design of the outer case and upper EPS(Expandable Poly Styrene) is proposed to reduce it. Face beads of the outer case are introduced and shape of the upper EPS is modified to reduce the deformation resulting from the clamping load. The improved design model is analyzed and its deformation is shown to be satisfactory. A prototype is produced according to the improved design and tests are performed. Results of the clamping test of the prototype show that the plastic deformation is removed totally.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2006

In order to see the effect of die deformation on the forming analysis of sheet metals, the draw-ins, strains, and spring-backs of an automotive fender panels are numerically simulated by considering the die deformation found by the simultaneous structural analysis of press and dies. By coupling the forming analysis and the structural analysis, the die deformation is simultaneously taken into account in the forming process. Furthermore, for the consideration of load difference transferred among the upper die, punch, and blank holder due to the changes in sheet thickness, the gap elements are employed instead of the blank sheet in the structural analysis. The numerical simulation results of an automotive finder draw panel are compared with the measurements. The comparison of the forming and spring-back analysis results between the rigid die and the deformed die shows that the consideration of tool deformation can predict more accurately the forming and spring-back of sheet metals.