• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.143-162
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the policy framework about "Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE)" of Japan, and analyzes reasons why the policy goal was not reached. The QQE was introduced by the Bank of Japan in 2013 with the purpose of meeting the price stability target of 2% and getting out of deflation that prevents sustained price decline. However, despite the implementation of the bold monetary easing policy unprecedented in the world, the policy goal was not achieved as of June 2018. As a result of analyzing the causes, the following three structural factors were confirmed. 1) The rise in prices by QQE was limited because Japan's consumer price is strongly depending on import price. 2) The effect is high degree of uncertainty and limited because theoretical framework of reflationist which adopted QQE depends on "expectation formation" by "self-fulfilling expectation" and "multiple equilibria". 3) It was confirmed that the expansion of the monetary base did not lead to money stock due to the existence of Japanese liquidity trap, long-term low interest rate policy.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.451-454
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• 2000

혈압을 측정하는 방법에는 침습적(Invasive)인 방법과 비침습적(Non-invasive)인 방법이 있는데 침습적인 방법에 의한 혈압측정의 경우 정확한 값을 얻는 반면에 그 사용법이 복잡하고 환자에게 불편하므로 중환자의 경우를 제외한 경우 대부분 비침습적인 방법에 의해 혈압을 측정한다. 현재 전자 혈압계의 경우 대부분이 오실로메트릭(Oscillometric) 방법을 사용하여 기본적인 시스템을 구성하고 여기에 여러 가지 알고리즘을 부가적으로 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서 이러한 혈압 측정 시스템을 개발하기 위해 커프(Cuff)의 압력을 제어, 측정하고 측정된 데이터를 필터링하여 혈압을 측정할 수 있도록 알고리즘을 구성하였다. 통신방식으로는 개발된 시스템의 모든 기능이 개인용 컴퓨터(Personal Computer)와의 통신을 통해 이루어지도록 구성되어져 있으며, 사용된 통신방식은 비동기 직렬 통신 방식(RS-232)인 패킷방식을 사용하였고 솔레노이드(Solenoid) 밸브를 이용한 자동 또는 급속 배기 방법을 이용하여 커프의 압력을 감압(Deflation)하였다. 혈압측정 알고리즘은 기본적인 오실로메트릭 방법과 최대 진폭 알고리즘(Maximum Amplitude Algorithm)을 사용하였다. 최대진폭 알고리즘에서는 측정된 오실레이션(Oscillation)중 최고의 진폭을 가지는 오실레이션 같은 오차의 원인이 되는 연령이나 체중, 팔의 두께에 따라 다양하게 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 오실레이션의 간에 획일적인 비율을 적용하지 않고 여러 가지 요인들에 대한 가변적인 특정 비율(Characteristic Ratio)반영하여 보다 정확한 최고혈압(Systolic Blood Pressure), 최저혈압(Diastolic Blood Pressure), 평균혈압(Mean Blood Pressure)의 값을 구하는 연구를 하였다. 최고진폭 알고리즘에서 가변적인 특성비율의 적용은 혈압간의 오차를 줄일 수 있을것으로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_4호
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• pp.1545-1553
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• 2018

2018년 4월 말부터 감지되기 시작한 킬라우에아 화산의 최근 마그마 분화 활동은, 5월과 6월에 걸쳐 용암의 분출과 함께 급격한 지표 변형을 발생시켰다. 킬라우에아 정상부에 위치한 Halema'uma'u 분화구에서는 용암호의 수위가 빠르게 하강하여 대규모 지반 침하 및 지반 붕괴가 나타났으며, GPS와 경사계의 기록을 통해 약 2미터 가량의 변화를 감지할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서는 단 기간에 큰 변화를 보인 킬라우에아 분화 활동의 초기과정에 대해 다중 시기 COSMO-SkyMed SAR 영상을 이용한 시계열 지표변위 분석을 수행하고자 하였다. 전체 관측기간에 대해 측정된 최대의 지표 변위는 위성의 관측방향으로 약 -1.5미터이며, 입사각을 고려하여 수직변위로 변환할 때 약 -1.9미터의 침하를 나타낸다. 또한 대부분의 지표 변위는 분화 직후인 5월 초에서 6월말 사이에 발생하며, 7월부터는 안정기에 들어선 것을 확인할 수 있다. 시계열 지표변위를 통해 마그마 소스 모델링을 실시한 결과, 마그마 챔버가 지표로부터 2-3 km 사이에 위치하는 것으로 산출되었으며, 마그마 소스의 중심 위치는 남서부 방향으로 이동하는 것으로 관측되었다. 이러한 마그마 모델의 시계열 변화는 편향된 관측자료를 통한 초기 결과이므로 이후의 연구에서 정밀한 3차원 관측을 이용한 보완이 필요할 것으로 보여진다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제25권1_2호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2007

Computing the interior spectrum of large sparse generalized eigenvalue problems $Ax\;=\;{\lambda}Bx$, where A and b are large sparse and SPD(Symmetric Positive Definite), is often required in areas such as structural mechanics and quantum chemistry, to name a few. Recently, CG-type methods have been found useful and hence, very amenable to parallel computation for very large problems. Also, as in the case of linear systems proper choice of preconditioning is known to accelerate the rate of convergence. After the smallest eigenpair is found we use the orthogonal deflation technique to find the next m-1 eigenvalues, which is also suitable for parallelization. This offers advantages over Jacobi-Davidson methods with partial shifts, which requires re-computation of preconditioner matrx with new shifts. We consider as preconditioners Incomplete LU(ILU)(0) in two variants, ever-relaxation(SOR), and Point-symmetric SOR(SSOR). We set m to be 5. We conducted our experiments on matrices from discretizations of partial differential equations by finite difference method. The generated matrices has dimensions up to 4 million and total number of processors are 32. MPI(Message Passing Interface) library was used for interprocessor communications. Our results show that in general the Multi-Color ILU(0) gives the best performance.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 1993

Ventilatory responses to inhaled $CO_2$ were measured during continuous negative pressure breathing (CNPB) in awake dogs. End expiratory lung volume (EELV) decreased linearly with pressure level during CNPB (correlation coefficient= 0.81, p<0.005) during air breathing. When CNPB was applied during 5% $CO_2$ inhalation, the decrease in EELV was not significantly different (p<0.5) from that during air breathing. As a result of a lowered EELV, tidal volume ($V_T$) significantly decreased by 22% and breathing frequency ($f_B$) increased by 68% in the steady state during air breathing (p<0.0001). These responses were similar during 5% $CO_2$ inhalation, thus the $CO_2$ response curve measured during CNPB shifted upward without a change in sensitivity (p>0.05). These results indicate additive effects of CNPB and $CO_2$ inhalation. The degree of hyperventilation during CNPB at eupnea was estimated to be 63% of that during control ventilation and was significantly greater than zero (p<0.0001), which suggests an alveolar hyperventilation due to CNPB. These results suggest that the mechanical alterations associated with n decrease in lung volume could play an important role in ventilatory control independently of chemical regulation of breathing. Thus, exercise hyperpnea, which is associated with a lowered functional residual capacity (FRC), may in part be explained by this mechanical stimulation of breathing.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2004

The drying speed of gravure ink are very fast because of evaporation drying type. The gravure ink are fitly selected variety resin and solvent for a wide range printing are adopted. Moreover, after-manufacture handling is necessary to various purposes. Though composition of gravure ink are same those of another printing ink, the viscosity of it are vary low compare with another printing inks. As property of variety printed matters, improvement of performance of printing layer and suitable after-manufacture handling, the more research of gravure ink are to be continue for development of printing technology. Generally, the gravure ink are made up resin, pigment, solvent and additive. Especially solvent are fitly selected for solution of resin, viscosity, and drying speed. Furthermore, it tis care of bad smell of remaining resin, poison and danger of fire of it. Because of the prevention of air pollution as restriction deflation of solvent, custody of dangerous object and improvement of work environment as labor safety hygiene and fire-low, the environment restriction of printing business become strict. This study has purpose of development of gravure ink of involved 30% below of alcohol is used for PVC film printing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1974

Acute pulmonary edema was induced by intravenous injection of epinephrine, intravenous infusion of dextran and intratracheal instillation of acid solution index was determined from pressure volume curves in excised lungs. Surface activity was also investigated with measurements of maximum and minimum surface tension and stability index on saline extracts of same lungs. The results were as follows. 1. The expansion index of excised lung in which pulmonary edema was induced by intravenous injection of epinephrine, intravenous infusion of dextran and intratracheal instillation of acid solution was ignificantly decreased as compared with the normal control of $0.86{\pm}0.017$ to $0.74{\pm}0.03$, $0.71{\pm}0.081$and $0.76{\pm}0.02$, respectively. 2. The deflation curves of excised lungs in which pulmonary edema was induced were significantly decreased as compared with the normal controls. 3. The minimum surface tension of excised lung in which pulmonary edema was induced was significantly increased in each groups and stability index was significantly decreased as compared with the normal controls 0.78 to $0.35{\pm}0.039$, $0.29{\pm}0.02 $ and $0.31{\pm}0.083$, respectively. 4. The decrease of pulmonary surface activity in acute pulmonary edema was in proportion to the degree of pulmonary edema regardless of their etiology.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

This study develops an early warning system (EWS) to prevent the banking crisis. The proposed system incorporates both the perspective of crises and fundamental characteristics of the banking system in each economy. A fuzzy logic method with data from 1990-2009 is employed to construct the EWS of banking crisis based on 21 pre-determined variables from the aspect of total economy, financial and banking sectors. Our results show: Firstly, South Korea recorded higher probability to have a banking crisis in 1997 as there was large foreign debt in dollars. Secondly, China, Australia and New Zealand banking systems appear to be vulnerable to the crisis in 2007. The surge of China export, FDIs and booming stock market were signs of a heated economy. Australia with high commodity prices was also vulnerable to crisis. Thirdly, Australia, China, Japan and New Zealand banking systems appear to be exposed to the higher chance of a crisis in 2010. Japan with deflation coupled with expensive yen did not augur well for its export. Overall, the findings show that in Asian Financial Crisis 1997/98 and Global Financial Crisis 2008/09, many economies are exposed to a higher probability of having the crisis and this shows an urgent need of having surveillance in these economies.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.241-261
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• 2015

About trade show strategic practical use plan, sought practical use plan hereafter with problem in 5 side. First, need that supply reliable and objective information about exhibition utilizing active public relations of domestic trade show certification system and international certification system. Second, I need to reinforce budget support estimation to expand governmental budget support and strengthen professionalism of exhibition operation. Third, need to seek globalization strategy of exhibition industry concretely to overcome realistic limit of domestic exhibition industry. Institutional improvement for long-term public information of exhibition and participation company's satisfaction raising and infra for gallery's management result should be established. Fourth, need excavation of various first-hand field marketing that can dig various interaction method with customers and invite new customers by booth exhibition. Fifth, need professional worker positivity, deflation that fulfill knowledge that is adapted, and precedes in environment worldwide exhibition industry training actively universal exhibition industry professional worker. Foreign exhibition is an one of marketing tactics that is generalized that can approach to oversea market in less expense relatively. To measure exactly fact and participation result of exhibition that select suitable exhibition in one's own company's marketing goal in company's standpoint that participate in exhibition according as exhibition number is increased and function of exhibition is diversified became difficult.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.357-372
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• 2016

Augustine volcano, located along the Aleutian Arc, is one of the most active volcanoes in Alaska and nearby islands, with seven eruptions occurring between 1812 and 2006. This study monitored the surface displacement before and after the most recent 2006 eruption. For analysis, we conducted a time-series analysis on data observed at the permanent GPS(Global Positioning System) observation stations in Augustine Island between 2005 and 2011. According to the surface displacement analysis results based on GPS data, the movement of the surface inflation at the average speed of 2.3 cm/year three months prior to the eruption has been clearly observed, with the post-eruption surface deflation at the speed of 1.6 cm/year. To compare surface displacements measurement by GPS observation, ENVISAT(Environmental satellite) radar satellite data were collected between 2003 and 2010 and processed the SBAS(Small Baseline Subset) method, one of the time-series analysis techniques using multiple InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data sets. This result represents 0.97 correlation value between GPS and InSAR time-series surface displacements. This research has been completed precise surface deformation using GPS and time-series InSAR methods for a detection of precursor symptom on Augustine volcano.