• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2007

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of breast disease is recognized to be highly accurate and cost effective, especially when this is used in combination with clinical examination and imaging as part of a triple approach. A probabilistic/categorical approach is used for the classification of breast FNA specimens. Criteria are defined from the perspective of the likelihood of making a definitive diagnosis of cancer on excision. This approach is an accurate way of classifying breast FNA specimens, and this can be reliably applied regardless of the level of experience of the pathologist for interpreting the case. When a definitive diagnosis of malignancy is made, the next step is to determining the specific histologic types of the malignancy according to their cytological features. In order to make an accurate diagnosis of carcinoma and for correct typing a tumor, an adequate, correctly sampled aspirate without any other artifacts is required.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.645-649
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• 2021

Total 513 heterophyid flukes were collected from a carcass of wild Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. With morphological and molecular characteristics, the flukes were identified to Cryptocotyle lata. The adult C. lata were minute, transparent, pentagonal, 522 ㎛ long by 425 ㎛ wide. Ceca extended into post-testicular region. Ventrogenital sac elliptical, 79 ㎛ by 87 ㎛ with genital pore and ventral sucker. Two testes semielliptical and slightly lobed, located in the posterior region, right testis 173 ㎛ by 155 ㎛, left testis 130 ㎛ by 134 ㎛. In a phylogenetic tree, the fluke specimen of this study was grouped with C. lata divergent from Cryptocotyle lingua. We report here N. procyonoides koreensis first as a natural definitive host of C. lata.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

Purpose: For recurrent esophageal cancer after primary definitive radiotherapy, no general treatment guidelines are available. We evaluated the toxicities and clinical outcomes of re-irradiation (re-RT) for recurrent esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 10 patients with recurrent esophageal cancer treated with re-RT after primary definitive radiotherapy. The median time interval between primary radiotherapy and re-RT was 15.6 months (range, 4.8 to 36.4 months). The total dose of primary radiotherapy was a median of 50.4 Gy (range, 50.4 to 63.0 Gy). The total dose of re-RT was a median of 46.5 Gy (range, 44.0 to 50.4 Gy). Results: The median follow-up period was 4.9 months (range, 2.6 to 11.4 months). The tumor response at 3 months after the end of re-RT was complete response (n = 2), partial response (n = 1), stable disease (n = 2), and progressive disease (n = 5). Grade 5 tracheoesophageal fistula developed in three patients. The time interval between primary radiotherapy and re-RT was less than 12 months in two of these three patients. Late toxicities included grade 1 dysphagia (n = 1). Conclusion: Re-RT of recurrent esophageal cancer after primary radiotherapy can cause severe toxicity.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

컴퓨터 지원 설계 제조 기술(CAD/CAM)의 발전에 따라, 완전한 디지털 워크플로우를 구현하기 위한 첫번째 단계인 구내스캐너의 중요성이 높아지기 시작했다. CAD/CAM 이중스캔 기술은 임시 수복물의 외형을 복제하여 최종 수복물에 반영하도록 하는 방법이다. 이 증례에서는 비심미적인 전치부, 중증도의 마모, 수직 고경의 감소를 보이는 67세 남성을 치관 연장술과 수직고경 회복을 동반한 완전구강회복을 통해 치료했다. 임시 수복물은 구내스캐너와 CAD/CAM 이중스캔을 이용해 제작되었다. 적응 기간 후, 최종 단일 구조 지르코니아 수복물을 CAD/CAM 이중스캔을 이용해 임시 수복물을 반영해 제작되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 1994

폐흡충의 피낭유충이 종숙주에 도입되면 십이지장에서 탈낭하여 장벽을 통과하고. 복강과 흉강을 돌아다닌 후 8주일이면 성충으로 발육한다. 이 연구에서는 종숙주에서 발육중인 폐흡충 발육단계의 어느 시기까지 종숙주에 대한 감염력을 유지하는지를 관찰하였다. 가재에서 분리한 폐흡충 피낭유충을 고양이에 경구감염(경구감염) 시키고 3일 7일, 10일, 14일, 21일 및 28일 후 각 발육단계의 충페론 얻었다. 그리고 각 단계를 고양이에 다시 경구감염시킨 다음 1-12주일 후 고양이를 해부하여 감염 여부를 조사하였다. 종숙주에서 3일간 발육한 충체와 7일간 발육한 충체를 경구감염시킨 고양이에서 각각 투여 충체수의 31.4% 및 22.6%를 검출하였다. 종숙주에서 10일, 14일, 21일, 28일간 성장 발육한 충체를 경구감염시킨 고양이에서는 감염충체를 발견할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과 종숙주에서 최소한 7일간 발육한 폐흡충의 유충은 다시 종숙주를 감염시킬 수 있는 능력을 지니고 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2017

The present study was performed to record new definitive hosts of Isthmiophora hortensis, and to describe morphological characteristics derived from a variety of worm samples for clarification of its taxonomic validity. Morphological characteristics with dimensions were observed in worm samples (n=21) from naturally infected wild animals, including a raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides from Gimhae-si (City), Gyeongsangnam-do, stray cats and a striped field mouse from several localities, and a wild boar Sus scrofa, from Gurye-gun (County), Jeollanam-do. In addition, adult flukes (n=45) recovered in albino rats experimentally infected with the metacercariae from a freshwater fish species were also subjected to morphological studies. The mean ratios of the body length (BL) to body width (BW) were 5.86 and 5.76 in worms from wild animals and experimental rats, respectively. Those of the ventral sucker to oral sucker were 2.92 and 3.01 in worms from 2 groups. The mean percentages of the hindbody length (HBL) to BL were 42.1 and 41.2 in 2 groups. Those of uterine fields to BL were 9.8 and 12.2 in the 2 worm groups. By the present study, the 2 species of wild animals, the raccoon dog and wild boar, have been added as new definitive hosts for I. hortensis. The morphological characteristics of adult flukes derived from a variety of host source were redescribed to support the taxonomic validity of this echinostome species.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2014

Purpose: To determine whether neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) improves clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 201 patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy between January 1991 and December 2008. Of these, 156 patients with more than 3 years of follow-up were the subjects of this study. The median duration of follow-up was 91.2 months. NADT was given in 103 patients (66%) with median duration of 3.3 months (range, 1.0 to 7.7 months). Radiation dose was escalated gradually from 64 Gy to 81 Gy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique. Results: Biochemical relapse-free survival (BCRFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 72.6% and 90.7% at 5 years, respectively. BCRFS and OS of NADT group were 79.5% and 89.8% at 5 years and those of radiotherapy alone group were 58.8% and 92.3% at 5 years, respectively. Risk group (p = 0.010) and radiation dose ${\geq}70Gy$ (p = 0.017) affected BCRFS independently. NADT was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis (p = 0.073). Radiation dose ${\geq}70Gy$ was only an independent factor for OS (p = 0.007; hazard ratio, 0.261; 95% confidence interval, 0.071-0.963). Conclusion: NADT prior to definitive radiotherapy did not result in significant benefit in terms of BCRFS and OS. NADT should not be performed routinely in the era of dose-escalated radiotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8987-8992
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• 2014

Background: The efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer is well established. We aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer in the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 60 patients with FIGO stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin followed by intracavitary brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) boost between November 2001 and May 2008 were analysed. Patients were initially treated with weekly intravenous cisplatin ($40mg/m^2$) concurrent with daily EBRT to pelvis of 45-50Gy followed by low dose rate brachytherapy or EBRT boost to tumour. Local control rate, progression free survival, overall survival and treatment related toxicities graded by the RTOG criteria were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 56. At the median follow-up of 72 months, the estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS 39 months) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) (median OS 51 months) were 48% and 50% respectively. The 5-year local control rate was 67.3%. Grade 3-4 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity occurred in 9.3% of patients. Conclusions: The 5-year PFS and the 5-year OS in this cohort were lower than in other institutions. More advanced stage at presentation, longer overall treatment time (OTT) of more than fifty-six days and lower total dose to point A were the potential factors contributing to a lower survival.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) and associated changes in pulmonary function after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Medical records of 60 patients with NSCLC who received definitive CCRT were retrospectively reviewed. Dose volumetric (DV) parameters, clinical factors, and pulmonary function test (PFT) data were analyzed. RP was graded according to the CTCAE ver. 4.0. Percentage of lung volume that received a dose of threshold (Vdose) and mean lung dose (MLD) were analyzed for potential DV predictors. PFT changes were calculated as the difference between pre-RT and post-RT values at 3, 6, and 12 months after RT. Results: Twenty-two patients (37%) developed grade ${\geq}2$ RP. Among clinical factors, tumor location in lower lobe was associated with RP. Among the DV parameters, only MLD >15 Gy was associated with grade ${\geq}2$ RP. There were statistically significant decreases in PFT at all points compared with pre-RT values in grade ${\geq}2$ RP group. MLD was associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) changes at 6 and 12 months. V10 was associated with FVC changes at 12 months. V20 and V30 were associated with FEV1 changes at 6 months and FVC changes at 12 months. Conclusion: After definitive CCRT in patients with NSCLC, MLD >15 Gy and lower lobe tumor location were predictors of grade ${\geq}2$ RP. Pulmonary functions were decreased after CCRT and the magnitude of changes was associated with DV parameters.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

PURPOSE. This study compared the accuracy of an abutment-framework (A-F) taken with open tray impression technique combining cement-on crown abutments, a metal framework and resin cement to closed tray and resin-splinted open tray impression techniques for the 3-implant definitive casts. The effect of angulation on the accuracy of these 3 techniques was also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Three definitive casts, each with 3 linearly positioned implant analogs at relative angulations 0, 30, and 40 degrees, were fabricated with passively fitted corresponding reference frameworks. Ten impressions were made and poured, using each of the 3 techniques on each of the 3 definitive casts. To record the vertical gap between reference frameworks and analogs in duplicate casts, a light microscope with image processing was used. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. RESULTS. The open tray techniques showed significantly smaller vertical gaps compare to closed tray technique (P < .05). The closed tray and the resin-splinted open tray technique showed significantly different vertical gaps according to the angulation of implant (P < .05), but the A-F impression technique did not (P > .05). CONCLUSION. The accuracy of the A-F impression technique was superior to that of conventional techniques, and was not affected by the angulation of the implants.