• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국현미경학회 2001년도 제32차 추계학술대회
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• pp.15-17
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• 2001

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 1996년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표회 진행표 및 발표논문 초록
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• pp.6-6
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• 1996

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.277-298
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• 1986

This paper reviews the mechanisms effecting host defense in the mammary gland and assesses their possible in preventing of bovine mastitis. The streak canal is the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens, providing a physical barrier and antibacterial substances. The milk leukocytes are a second defense line by ingesting pathogens breached the streak canal by multiplication, physical passage, and propulsion during milking. Leukocytosis in milk and enhancement of the phagocytic defense machanisms of the udder were accomplished by inserting intramammary devices. Milk antibodies serum derived and synthesized in mamma tissue aggregate and opsonise bacteria, agglutinate and neutralise toxins, and inhibit. binding of bacteria to epitherial surfaces. Vaccination generally has been unsuccessful because protection is not absolute, but immunization is useful in controlling specific pathogens. Immunostimulant to enhance locally the protective nature of antibody-producing plasma cells concentrated in internal teat end tissue may be effective in reducing the occurrence of infection, but ineffective in preventing intramammary infections.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

가스터빈 압축기의 가변정익은 다수의 정익을 동시에 회전시킬 수 있도록 하는 가변정익 링크메커니즘과 이를 동작시키는 구동시스템으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 총 3단으로 구성된 가변정익을 2개의 유압구동기로 작동시킬 수 있는 가변정익 구동시스템을 개발하였다. 가변정익의 공력하중과 링크메커니즘 기구분석을 통해 구동기의 요구 성능을 도출하고, 파워팩을 포함한 유압구동시스템을 개발하였다. 부하 시험장치를 이용하여 개발한 구동기의 성능을 평가하였으며, 최적의 제어 이득과 동기제어로직을 적용하여 항공용 가스터빈 시험을 위한 가변정익 구동시스템을 개발 완료하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2021

This study was to investigate defense mechanisms on cassava induced by salicylic acid formulation (SA) against anthracnose disease. Our results indicated that the SA could reduce anthracnose severity in cassava plants up to 33.3% under the greenhouse condition. The 𝛽-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzyme activities were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and decrease at 48 HAI after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides challenge inoculation, respectively, for cassava treated with SA formulation. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra revealed changes of the C=H stretching vibration (3,000-2,800 cm^-1), pectin (1,740-1,700 cm^-1), amide I protein (1,700-1,600 cm^-1), amide II protein (1,600-1,500 cm^-1), lignin (1,515 cm^-1) as well as mainly C-O-C of polysaccharides (1,300-1,100 cm^-1) in the leaf epidermal and mesophyll tissues treated with SA formulations, compared to those treated with fungicide carbendazim and distilled water after the challenged inoculation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicate that biochemical changes in cassava leaf treated with SA played an important role in the enhancement of structural and chemical defense mechanisms leading to reduced anthracnose severity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2012

External pathogens such as wind, cold can easily invade the external parts of the body when host's external defense ability is not secure. Herein, we consider the underlying mechanisms against the external contraction at the body surface. During the early period after primary invasion, external defense mechanisms are gradually activated. The classic clinical manifestations are aversion to cold, fever, headache, generalized pain, and nasal congestion. This condition is called by invasion of external pathogen into the body surface. As the disease progress, lung qi is stagnated and thereby up-outward and downward movement action of lung become disturbed. Therefore, when doctor administrate formula to treat the exterior syndrome, doctor must keep in mind not only materia medica, but also underlying mechanisms through which many clinical symptoms appear.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2010

네트워크 대역폭 소모 위주로 발생했던 DDoS 공격이 최근에는 웹서비스 대상 응용계층에서의 DDoS 공격 위주로 발생하고 있다. 응용계층 DDoS 공격은 Source IP당 발생하는 트래픽이 감소하고 정상 사용자의 트래픽과 유사한 형태로 진화하고 있어 기존 Threshold 기반 탐지기법으로 대응하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 발생 가능한 Get Flooding의 모든 유형을 도시하고, 간단하면서도 강력한 3가지 대응 메커니즘을 제시한다. 특허, 제안된 메커니즘은 현재까지 발생한 모든 DDoS 공격도구를 탐지 및 차단할 수 있으며, 성능분석 결과 상용 환경에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2022

Defense priming allows plants to enhance their immune responses to subsequent pathogen challenges. Recent reports suggested that acquired resistances in parental generation can be inherited into descendants. Although epigenetic mechanisms are plausible tools enabling the transmission of information or phenotypic traits induced by environmental cues across generations, the mechanism for the transgenerational inheritance of defense priming in plants has yet to be elucidated. With the initial aim to elucidate an epigenetic mechanism for the defense priming in plants, we reassessed the transgenerational inheritance of plant defense, however, could not observe any evidence supporting it. By using the same dipping method with previous reports, Arabidopsis was exposed repeatedly to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) during vegetative or reproductive stages. Irrespective of the developmental stages of parental plants that received pathogen infection, the descendants did not exhibit primed resistance phenotypes, defense marker gene (PR1) expression, or elevated histone acetylation within PR1 chromatin. In assays using the pressure-infiltration method for infection, we obtained the same results as above. Thus, our results suggest that the previous observations on the transgenerational inheritance of defense priming in plants should be more extensively and carefully reassessed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2022

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for a wide range of cellular responses in plants, including defense responses, responses to abiotic stress, hormone signaling, and developmental processes. Recent investigations have shown that the stress, ethylene, and MAPK signaling pathways negatively affect the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules by directly modulating the symbiotic signaling components. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense responses mediated by MAPK signaling in the organogenesis of nitrogen-fixing nodules remain unclear. In the present study, I demonstrate that the Medicago truncatula mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MtMKK5)-Medicago truncatula mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/6 (MtMPK3/6) signaling module, expressed specifically in the symbiotic nodules, promotes defense signaling, but not ethylene signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting nodule development in M. truncatula. U0126 treatment resulted in increased cell division in the nodule meristem zone due to the inhibition of MAPK signaling. The phosphorylated TEY motif in the activation domain of MtMPK3/6 was the target domain associated with specific interactions with MtMKK5. I have confirmed the physical interactions between M. truncatula nodule inception (MtNIN) and MtMPK3/6. In the presence of high expression levels of the defense-related genes FRK1 and WRKY29, MtMKK5a overexpression significantly enhanced the defense responses of Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Overall, my data show that the negative regulation of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodule organogenesis by defense signaling pathways is mediated by the MtMKK5-MtMPK3/6 module.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.11-11
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• 2017