• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.59-62
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• 2004

The defect formation energy of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes is investigated using molecular-dynamics simulation. Although the defect with tetragon-octagon pairs (4-88-4) is favored in the flat cap of BN nanotubes, BN clusters, and the growth of BN nanotubes, the formation energy of the 4-88-4 defect is significantly higher than that of the pentagon-heptagon pairs (5-77-5) defect in BN nanotubes. The 5-77-5 defect reduces the effect of the structural distortion caused by the 4-88-4 defect, in spite of homoelemental bonds. The instability of the 4-88-4 defect generates the structural transformation into BNNTs with no defect at about 1500 K.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.618-621
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• 2007

현행 실행되고 있는 하자관리의 경우 마감전단계, 시공자 사전점검, 입주자 사전점검시기에만 주로 하자점검을 하고 각각의 하자 데이터는 서로 연관성이 없다. 그리고 기존의 하자관리 연구의 경우 주로 하자를 분류함에 있어 공종 및 공종별 하자 유형으로 하자데이터를 분류하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 하자 데이터를 분류하는 기준에 하자의 부위를 추가 하여 하자 데이터를 분류하였다. 또한 부위별 하자관리에 의한 상시 하자관리 체계 방안으로 Web을 기반으로 하는 PDA와 3DCAD이용을 제안하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3852-3859
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• 2021

This paper presents experimental and numerical analysis results regarding the effects of an incomplete penetration defect on the fatigue lives of socket welded pipes. For the experiment, four-point bending fatigue tests with various defect geometries (defect depth and circumferential length) were performed, and test results are presented in terms of stress-life data. The results showed that for circumferentially short defects, the fatigue life tends to increase with increasing crack depth, but for longer defects, the trend becomes the opposite. Finite element analysis showed that for short defects, the maximum principal stress decreases with increases in crack depth. For a longer defect, the opposite trend was found. Furthermore, the maximum principal stress tends to increase with an increase in defect length regardless of the defect depth.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 1977

Atrial septal defect is one of the most frequently encountered congenital heart disease. Up to December 31, 1976, 1682 cardiac patients received cardiac catheterization in the cardiac department of Yonsei university medical college. Out of the 1682 cardiac patients 723 cases had congenital heart disease and only 116 cases had congetial atrial septal defect. This amounted to 16.04% of all those with congenital heart disease. 58 cases of congenital atrial septal defect operated in the chest surgery department were presented. Of these 58 cases of atrial septal defect, 27 cases were male and 31 cases were female. Their ages ranged from 5 years to 54 years. The systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery of 40 out of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect was below 40% of that of the systemic blood pressure: in 6 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 50-90mmHg; in 12 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 40-50mmHg. Average age of these was 30. 1 years. This study tends to show that Korean patients with atrial septal defect even though younger have a slight higher systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery than Western patients have. The pulmonary blood is 1.5-2.5 times of systemic blood flow in 52 cases out of 58 cases of atrial septal defect.In only one of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect, the Rp was found to be as high as 45% of Rs. All other cases were below this level.51 cases had ostium secundum defect, 4 out of these cases had ostium secundum defect combined with mitral incompetence and 6 out of them had double ostium secundum defect. The remaining 7 cases had ostium primum defect. Their atrial defects were repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation, by hemodilution technic combined with moderate hypothermia. 44 cases [2nd atrial septal defect] were repaired by direct sutures while 14 cases, including the 7 cases ostium primum defects needed patches [1 pericardium and 13 teflon patch]. In 4 cases there were single defects while showed two defects. However the associated septal defect was so small that it could be closed by direct sutures. The size of the defect ranged between 6.0cm2and 10.0cm2 in 19 cases[33.7%]: the smallest being 0. 5cm2 and the largest 24cm2. The surgical mortality was 2 cases [3.4%]. These one case with ostium primum defect, could not be resuscitated on operation table. The cause of death in this case was myocardial failure and MI. The other, a case of ostium primum defect had a second operation on the first operative day due to massive bleeding from LV vent-line insertion site.The patient died on 26th post-operative day due to sepsis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.230-240
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• 1977

Atrial septal defect is one of the most frequently encountered congenital heart disease. Up to December 31, 1976, 1682 cardiac patients received cardiac catheterization in the cardiac department of Yonsei university medical college. Out of the 1682 cardiac patients 723 cases had congenital heart disease and only 116 cases had congetial atrial septal defect. This amounted to 16.04% of all those with congenital heart disease. 58 cases of congenital atrial septal defect operated in the chest surgery department were presented. Of these 58 cases of atrial septal defect, 27 cases were male and 31 cases were female. Their ages ranged from 5 years to 54 years. The systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery of 40 out of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect was below 40% of that of the systemic blood pressure: in 6 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 50-90mmHg; in 12 cases, the range of the systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery was 40-50mmHg. Average age of these was 30. 1 years. This study tends to show that Korean patients with atrial septal defect even though younger have a slight higher systolic pressure of the main pulmonary artery than Western patients have. The pulmonary blood is 1.5-2.5 times of systemic blood flow in 52 cases out of 58 cases of atrial septal defect.In only one of the 58 cases of atrial septal defect, the Rp was found to be as high as 45% of Rs. All other cases were below this level.51 cases had ostium secundum defect, 4 out of these cases had ostium secundum defect combined with mitral incompetence and 6 out of them had double ostium secundum defect. The remaining 7 cases had ostium primum defect. Their atrial defects were repaired under direct vision utilizing extracorporeal circulation, by hemodilution technic combined with moderate hypothermia. 44 cases [2nd atrial septal defect] were repaired by direct sutures while 14 cases, including the 7 cases ostium primum defects needed patches [1 pericardium and 13 teflon patch]. In 4 cases there were single defects while showed two defects. However the associated septal defect was so small that it could be closed by direct sutures. The size of the defect ranged between 6.0cm2and 10.0cm2 in 19 cases[33.7%]: the smallest being 0. 5cm2 and the largest 24cm2. The surgical mortality was 2 cases [3.4%]. These one case with ostium primum defect, could not be resuscitated on operation table. The cause of death in this case was myocardial failure and MI. The other, a case of ostium primum defect had a second operation on the first operative day due to massive bleeding from LV vent-line insertion site.The patient died on 26th post-operative day due to sepsis.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2018

고품질의 소프트웨어를 만들기 위해서는 발생하는 결함을 발견하고 해결해야 한다. 결함 관리 작업의 소홀함은 후에 재작업을 요구하게 되고, 결국 납기 지연 등 프로젝트 실패로 이어질 수 있다. 그러므로 조직들은 결함 관리 프로세스를 정립하고 내재화해야 한다. 관련 표준 모델들은 결함 관리 프로세스를 프로젝트 모니터링 및 제어 영역에서 다루고 있다. 하지만, 소규모 조직에서는 표준 문서 기반의 프로세스 구현에 어려움을 느끼고, 적용하지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 소규모 프로젝트 참여 인원과 기간에 적합한 결함 관리 프로세스와 체계적인 지원을 위한 Redmine과 Subversion, Maven, Jenkins 등의 오픈 소스 소프트웨어 기반의 SW Visualization 구축 방안을 제시한다. 또한, 결함 데이터 베이스 구축과 이를 기반으로 결함 데이터 분석 및 제어 활동을 위한 방안을 제시한다. 제안한 프로세스와 Tool Chain을 중소기업에 적용하여 그 효율성을 입증하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

결함을 초기 단계에 발견하여 제거함으로써 품질이 좋은 소프트웨어를 만들 수 있다 이를 위해 결함을 효과적으로 추적하고 관리하는 결함 추적 시스템(Defect Trucking System)의 도입이 필요하다. 기존의 결함 추적 시스템은 한꺼번에 많은 종류의 데이터를 모음으로써 이를 도입한 조직에서 수많은 데이터를 왜 모아야 하는지에 대해 인식이 부족하고 결함 관리프로세스 없이 도구만 적용함으로써 결함 추적 시스템 도입에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한 CMMI 성숙도 수준 2, 3에서는 결함 관리 활동을 수행하는 프로세스 영역이 없기 때문에 CMMI 성숙도 수준 2, 3에 해당하는 조직이 결함 추적 시스템을 도입하는데 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CMMI 기반의 조직이 기존의 결함 추적 시스템을 도입하였을 때 생기는 문제점을 해결하고 CMMI 각 성숙도마다 어떤 결함 데이터를 모아야 하는지, 어떻게 결함 관리를 해야 하는지에 대한 가이드라인을 제공하고자 한다. 그리고 검토 및 테스팅을 통해 도출된 결함 데이터에 대하여 각 담당자 별로 업무를 할당, 추적할 수 있게 하며, 결함에 관한 각종 상태정보와 통계 정보 등을 제공하는 결함 분석 및 통제 시스템을 개발하고자 한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Purpose: A number of techniques and materials have been used for periodontal regeneration and bone graft procedures with guided tissue regeneration(GTR) have been suggested as alternatives to osseous surgery in the management of local infra-bony defects. However, the long-term stability and treatment outcome following bone graft procedure of infra-bony defects is poorly documented. The purpose of this study was to assess radiographic change in infra-bony defects over 2 years after bone graft procedures with various graft materials. Material and Methods: Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients showed clinical and radiographic evidence of infra-bony defect(s). 44 sites of 34 patients aged 31 to 69 (mean age 48.3) were treated by bone graft procedure with a bone graft material. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, defect depth, defect angle, bone graft materials) using the paired t-test were examined. Result: We observed $1.15{\pm}1.95\;mm$ of bone fill, $0.40{\pm}1.19\;mm$ of crestal resorption, $1.55{\pm}1.77\;mm$ of defect resolution, and $40{\pm}44%$ of percentage of defect resolution. Deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed significantly greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. But no significant difference was observed in graft sites and graft materials. Conclusion: If good oral hygiene maintenance and periodic recall check of patients is assured, bone graft procedure using various graft materials is one of the appropriate treatment modality for regenerative therapy of infra-bony defects.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1079-1082
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• 2005

This paper deals with the algorithm development that inspects defects such as Lens Focus, Focus check, Black Defect, Dark Defect, Dim Defect, Color Defect, and Line Defect, Angle Defect, IrisAgc Defect caused by the process of 2M Class Compact Camera Module (CCM). Domestic market was majorly comprised of VGA(0.3 million pixel) market. But in the middle of year 2004, camera phone with Mega Pixel has appeared, and it is estimated that the camera phone with Mega Pixel will take up to 28% of total phone sales if it is released in the end of year 2004. Since the inspection of finished products is done manually, it is major obstacle in production increment In this paper, to solve these problems, we developed the imaging processing algorithm to inspect the defects in captured image of assembled CCM. The performances of the developed inspection system and we can recognize various types of defect of CCM modules with good accuracy and high speed

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 1부
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• pp.225-228
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• 2010

It is an social issue that is various claim related on the defect of apartment house. The cost of defect repair is the most important matter that residents dispute constructers with the huge time wasting and cost loss. For resolve the matter of defect claim, it must to be analyze to the cost property that study and find to pending issue about the cost of defect repair. Therefore this study is investigated the cost property of defect repair relation on correlation analysis and regression analysis around the judgement cost. Consequently, cost of the judgment is associated with cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair, is recognizable as them that is closely connected. Meanwhile, the more time of take effect and time of lawsuit increase, the more cost of the judgment decrease by draw the regression equation. On the contrary, there are same aspects in the case on the cost of the accusation and cost of the defect repair.