• Title/Summary/Keyword: Deep Learning based System

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Deep Learning Based Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting Models using One-Hot Encoding (원-핫 인코딩을 이용한 딥러닝 단기 전력수요 예측모델)

  • Kim, Kwang Ho;Chang, Byunghoon;Choi, Hwang Kyu
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.852-857
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    • 2019
  • In order to manage the demand resources of project participants and to provide appropriate strategies in the virtual power plant's power trading platform for consumers or operators who want to participate in the distributed resource collective trading market, it is very important to forecast the next day's demand of individual participants and the overall system's electricity demand. This paper developed a power demand forecasting model for the next day. For the model, we used LSTM algorithm of deep learning technique in consideration of time series characteristics of power demand forecasting data, and new scheme is applied by applying one-hot encoding method to input/output values such as power demand. In the performance evaluation for comparing the general DNN with our LSTM forecasting model, both model showed 4.50 and 1.89 of root mean square error, respectively, and our LSTM model showed high prediction accuracy.

Quality grading of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle breed) sub-images using convolutional neural network

  • Kwon, Kyung-Do;Lee, Ahyeong;Lim, Jongkuk;Cho, Soohyun;Lee, Wanghee;Cho, Byoung-Kwan;Seo, Youngwook
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.1109-1122
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    • 2020
  • The aim of this study was to develop a marbling classification and prediction model using small parts of sirloin images based on a deep learning algorithm, namely, a convolutional neural network (CNN). Samples were purchased from a commercial slaughterhouse in Korea, images for each grade were acquired, and the total images (n = 500) were assigned according to their grade number: 1++, 1+, 1, and both 2 & 3. The image acquisition system consists of a DSLR camera with a polarization filter to remove diffusive reflectance and two light sources (55 W). To correct the distorted original images, a radial correction algorithm was implemented. Color images of sirloins of Hanwoo (mixed with feeder cattle, steer, and calf) were divided and sub-images with image sizes of 161 × 161 were made to train the marbling prediction model. In this study, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has four convolution layers and yields prediction results in accordance with marbling grades (1++, 1+, 1, and 2&3). Every single layer uses a rectified linear unit (ReLU) function as an activation function and max-pooling is used for extracting the edge between fat and muscle and reducing the variance of the data. Prediction accuracy was measured using an accuracy and kappa coefficient from a confusion matrix. We summed the prediction of sub-images and determined the total average prediction accuracy. Training accuracy was 100% and the test accuracy was 86%, indicating comparably good performance using the CNN. This study provides classification potential for predicting the marbling grade using color images and a convolutional neural network algorithm.

Mapless Navigation Based on DQN Considering Moving Obstacles, and Training Time Reduction Algorithm (이동 장애물을 고려한 DQN 기반의 Mapless Navigation 및 학습 시간 단축 알고리즘)

  • Yoon, Beomjin;Yoo, Seungryeol
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2021
  • Recently, in accordance with the 4th industrial revolution, The use of autonomous mobile robots for flexible logistics transfer is increasing in factories, the warehouses and the service areas, etc. In large factories, many manual work is required to use Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM), so the need for the improved mobile robot autonomous driving is emerging. Accordingly, in this paper, an algorithm for mapless navigation that travels in an optimal path avoiding fixed or moving obstacles is proposed. For mapless navigation, the robot is trained to avoid fixed or moving obstacles through Deep Q Network (DQN) and accuracy 90% and 93% are obtained for two types of obstacle avoidance, respectively. In addition, DQN requires a lot of learning time to meet the required performance before use. To shorten this, the target size change algorithm is proposed and confirmed the reduced learning time and performance of obstacle avoidance through simulation.

Development of AI Detection Model based on CCTV Image for Underground Utility Tunnel (지하공동구의 CCTV 영상 기반 AI 연기 감지 모델 개발)

  • Kim, Jeongsoo;Park, Sangmi;Hong, Changhee;Park, Seunghwa;Lee, Jaewook
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.364-373
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develope smoke detection using AI model for detecting the initial fire in underground utility tunnels using CCTV Method: To improve detection performance of smoke which is high irregular, a deep learning model for fire detection was trained to optimize smoke detection. Also, several approaches such as dataset cleansing and gradient exploding release were applied to enhance model, and compared with results of those. Result: Results show the proposed approaches can improve the model performance, and the final model has good prediction capability according to several indexes such as mAP. However, the final model has low false negative but high false positive capacities. Conclusion: The present model can apply to smoke detection in underground utility tunnel, fixing the defect by linking between the model and the utility tunnel control system.

Cable damage identification of cable-stayed bridge using multi-layer perceptron and graph neural network

  • Pham, Van-Thanh;Jang, Yun;Park, Jong-Woong;Kim, Dong-Joo;Kim, Seung-Eock
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.241-254
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    • 2022
  • The cables in a cable-stayed bridge are critical load-carrying parts. The potential damage to cables should be identified early to prevent disasters. In this study, an efficient deep learning model is proposed for the damage identification of cables using both a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and a graph neural network (GNN). Datasets are first generated using the practical advanced analysis program (PAAP), which is a robust program for modeling and analyzing bridge structures with low computational costs. The model based on the MLP and GNN can capture complex nonlinear correlations between the vibration characteristics in the input data and the cable system damage in the output data. Multiple hidden layers with an activation function are used in the MLP to expand the original input vector of the limited measurement data to obtain a complete output data vector that preserves sufficient information for constructing the graph in the GNN. Using the gated recurrent unit and set2set model, the GNN maps the formed graph feature to the output cable damage through several updating times and provides the damage results to both the classification and regression outputs. The model is fine-tuned with the original input data using Adam optimization for the final objective function. A case study of an actual cable-stayed bridge was considered to evaluate the model performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed model provides high accuracy (over 90%) in classification and satisfactory correlation coefficients (over 0.98) in regression and is a robust approach to obtain effective identification results with a limited quantity of input data.

Cold sensitivity classification using facial image based on convolutional neural network

  • lkoo Ahn;Younghwa Baek;Kwang-Ho Bae;Bok-Nam Seo;Kyoungsik Jung;Siwoo Lee
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.136-149
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, we proposed a model to quantitatively classify cold sensitivity using a fully automated facial image analysis system. Methods: We investigated cold sensitivity in 452 subjects. Cold sensitivity was determined using a questionnaire and the Cold Pattern Score (CPS) was used for analysis. Subjects with a CPS score below the first quartile (low CPS group) belonged to the cold non-sensitivity group, and subjects with a CPS score above the third quartile (high CPS group) belonged to the cold sensitivity group. After splitting the facial images into train/validation/test sets, the train and validation set were input into a convolutional neural network to learn the model, and then the classification accuracy was calculated for the test set. Results: The classification accuracy of the low CPS group and high CPS group using facial images in all subjects was 76.17%. The classification accuracy by sex was 69.91% for female and 62.86% for male. It is presumed that the deep learning model used facial color or facial shape to classify the low CPS group and the high CPS group, but it is difficult to specifically determine which feature was more important. Conclusions: The experimental results of this study showed that the low CPS group and the high CPS group can be classified with a modest level of accuracy using only facial images. There was a need to develop more advanced models to increase classification accuracy.

Indoor Positioning System using Geomagnetic Field with Recurrent Neural Network Model (순환신경망을 이용한 자기장 기반 실내측위시스템)

  • Bae, Han Jun;Choi, Lynn;Park, Byung Joon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2018
  • Conventional RF signal-based indoor localization techniques such as BLE or Wi-Fi based fingerprinting method show considerable localization errors even in small-scale indoor environments due to unstable received signal strength(RSS) of RF signals. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the existing RF-based fingerprinting techniques to large-scale indoor environments such as airports and department stores. In this paper, instead of RF signal we use the geomagnetic sensor signal for indoor localization, whose signal strength is more stable than RF RSS. Although similar geomagnetic field values exist in indoor space, an object movement would experience a unique sequence of the geomagnetic field signals as the movement continues. We use a deep neural network model called the recurrent neural network (RNN), which is effective in recognizing time-varying sequences of sensor data, to track the user's location and movement path. To evaluate the performance of the proposed geomagnetic field based indoor positioning system (IPS), we constructed a magnetic field map for a campus testbed of about $94m{\times}26$ dimension and trained RNN using various potential movement paths and their location data extracted from the magnetic field map. By adjusting various hyperparameters, we could achieve an average localization error of 1.20 meters in the testbed.

An Overloaded Vehicle Identifying System based on Object Detection Model (객체 인식 모델을 활용한 적재불량 화물차 탐지 시스템 개발)

  • Jung, Woojin;Park, Yongju;Park, Jinuk;Kim, Chang-il
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.562-565
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    • 2022
  • Recently, the increasing number of overloaded vehicles on the road poses a risk to traffic safety, such as falling objects, road damage, and chain collisions due to the abnormal weight distribution, and can cause great damage once an accident occurs. However, this irregular weight distribution is not possible to be recognized with the current weight measurement system for vehicles on roads. To address this limitation, we propose to build an object detection-based AI model to identify overloaded vehicles that cause such social problems. In addition, we present a simple yet effective method to construct an object detection model for the large-scale vehicle images. In particular, we utilize the large-scale of vehicle image sets provided by open AI-Hub, which include the overloaded vehicles from the CCTV, black box, and hand-held camera point of view. We inspected the specific features of sizes of vehicles and types of image sources, and pre-processed these images to train a deep learning-based object detection model. Finally, we demonstrated that the detection performance of the overloaded vehicle was improved by about 23% compared to the one using raw data. From the result, we believe that public big data can be utilized more efficiently and applied to the development of an object detection-based overloaded vehicle detection model.

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Keyword Retrieval-Based Korean Text Command System Using Morphological Analyzer (형태소 분석기를 이용한 키워드 검색 기반 한국어 텍스트 명령 시스템)

  • Park, Dae-Geun;Lee, Wan-Bok
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2019
  • Based on deep learning technology, speech recognition method has began to be applied to commercial products, but it is still difficult to be used in the area of VR contents, since there is no easy and efficient way to process the recognized text after the speech recognition module. In this paper, we propose a Korean Language Command System, which can efficiently recognize and respond to Korean speech commands. The system consists of two components. One is a morphological analyzer to analyze sentence morphemes and the other is a retrieval based model which is usually used to develop a chatbot system. Experimental results shows that the proposed system requires only 16% commands to achieve the same level of performance when compared with the conventional string comparison method. Furthermore, when working with Google Cloud Speech module, it revealed 60.1% of success rate. Experimental results show that the proposed system is more efficient than the conventional string comparison method.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation System (Conditional Generative Adversarial Network(CGAN) 기반 협업 필터링 추천 시스템)

  • Kang, Soyi;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.157-173
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    • 2021
  • With the development of information technology, the amount of available information increases daily. However, having access to so much information makes it difficult for users to easily find the information they seek. Users want a visualized system that reduces information retrieval and learning time, saving them from personally reading and judging all available information. As a result, recommendation systems are an increasingly important technologies that are essential to the business. Collaborative filtering is used in various fields with excellent performance because recommendations are made based on similar user interests and preferences. However, limitations do exist. Sparsity occurs when user-item preference information is insufficient, and is the main limitation of collaborative filtering. The evaluation value of the user item matrix may be distorted by the data depending on the popularity of the product, or there may be new users who have not yet evaluated the value. The lack of historical data to identify consumer preferences is referred to as data sparsity, and various methods have been studied to address these problems. However, most attempts to solve the sparsity problem are not optimal because they can only be applied when additional data such as users' personal information, social networks, or characteristics of items are included. Another problem is that real-world score data are mostly biased to high scores, resulting in severe imbalances. One cause of this imbalance distribution is the purchasing bias, in which only users with high product ratings purchase products, so those with low ratings are less likely to purchase products and thus do not leave negative product reviews. Due to these characteristics, unlike most users' actual preferences, reviews by users who purchase products are more likely to be positive. Therefore, the actual rating data is over-learned in many classes with high incidence due to its biased characteristics, distorting the market. Applying collaborative filtering to these imbalanced data leads to poor recommendation performance due to excessive learning of biased classes. Traditional oversampling techniques to address this problem are likely to cause overfitting because they repeat the same data, which acts as noise in learning, reducing recommendation performance. In addition, pre-processing methods for most existing data imbalance problems are designed and used for binary classes. Binary class imbalance techniques are difficult to apply to multi-class problems because they cannot model multi-class problems, such as objects at cross-class boundaries or objects overlapping multiple classes. To solve this problem, research has been conducted to convert and apply multi-class problems to binary class problems. However, simplification of multi-class problems can cause potential classification errors when combined with the results of classifiers learned from other sub-problems, resulting in loss of important information about relationships beyond the selected items. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective methods to address multi-class imbalance problems. We propose a collaborative filtering model using CGAN to generate realistic virtual data to populate the empty user-item matrix. Conditional vector y identify distributions for minority classes and generate data reflecting their characteristics. Collaborative filtering then maximizes the performance of the recommendation system via hyperparameter tuning. This process should improve the accuracy of the model by addressing the sparsity problem of collaborative filtering implementations while mitigating data imbalances arising from real data. Our model has superior recommendation performance over existing oversampling techniques and existing real-world data with data sparsity. SMOTE, Borderline SMOTE, SVM-SMOTE, ADASYN, and GAN were used as comparative models and we demonstrate the highest prediction accuracy on the RMSE and MAE evaluation scales. Through this study, oversampling based on deep learning will be able to further refine the performance of recommendation systems using actual data and be used to build business recommendation systems.