• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.754-764
• /
• 2022

Code refactoring refers to a maintenance task to change the code of a software system in order to consider new requirements, fix bugs, and restructure code. There have been various studies of refactoring subjects such as refactoring types, refactoring benefits, and CASE tools. However, Java applications rather than python ones have been benefited by refactoring-based coding practices. There are few cases of refactoring stuides on Python applications. This paper finds and analyzes single refactoring operations and composite refactoring operations for Python-based deep learning systems. In addition, we find that there is a statistically significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of single and complex refactoring operations in the two groups of deep learning applications and typical Python applications. Furthermore, we analyze keywords of commit messages to catch refactoring intentions of software developers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.256-264
• /
• 2024

In the last 10 years, AI has made rapid progress, and image classification, in particular, are showing excellent performance based on deep learning. Nevertheless, due to the nature of deep learning represented by a black box, it is difficult to actually use it in critical decision-making situations such as national defense, autonomous driving, medical care, and finance due to the lack of explainability of judgement results. In order to overcome these limitations, in this study, a model description algorithm capable of local interpretation was applied to the inception network-derived AI to analyze what grounds they made when classifying national defense data. Specifically, we conduct a comparative analysis of explainability based on confidence values by performing LIME analysis from the Inception v2_resnet model and verify the similarity between human interpretations and LIME explanations. Furthermore, by comparing the LIME explanation results through the Top1 output results for Inception v3, Inception v2_resnet, and Xception models, we confirm the feasibility of comparing the efficiency and availability of deep learning networks using XAI.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2020

Recommender system is a must-have feature of e-commerce, since it provides customers with convenience in selecting products. Collaborative filtering is a widely-used and representative technique, where it gives recommendation lists of products preferred by other users or preferred by the current user in the past. Recently, researches on the recommendation system using deep learning artificial intelligence technologies are actively being conducted to achieve performance improvement. This study develops a collaborative filtering based recommender system using restricted Boltzmann machines of the deep learning technology by utilizing user ratings. Moreover, a learning parameter update algorithm is proposed for learning efficiency and performance. Performance evaluation of the proposed system is made through experimental analysis and comparison with conventional collaborative filtering methods. It is found that the proposed algorithm yields superior performance than the basic restricted Boltzmann machines.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2020

The proposed system is composed of two parts, an AI physical fitness measurement part and an AI physical fitness management part. In the AI fitness measurement part, a guide to physical fitness measurement and accurate calculation of the measured value are performed through deep learning-based pose recognition. Based on these measurements, the AI fitness management part designs personalized exercise programs and provides them to dedicated smart applications. To guide the measurement posture, the posture of the subject to be measured is photographed through a webcam and the skeleton line is extracted. Next, the skeletal line of the learned preparation posture is compared with the extracted skeletal line to determine whether or not it is normal, and voice guidance is provided to maintain the normal posture.

• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2021

As the interest of deep learning, techniques to control the color of images in image processing field are evolving together. However, there is no clear standard for color, and it is not easy to find a way to represent only the color itself like the color-palette. In this paper, we propose a novel color palette extraction system by chroma fine-tuning with reinforcement learning. It helps to recognize the color combination to represent an input image. First, we use RGBY images to create feature maps by transferring the backbone network with well-trained model-weight which is verified at super resolution convolutional neural networks. Second, feature maps are trained to 3 fully connected layers for the color-palette generation with a generative adversarial network (GAN). Third, we use the reinforcement learning method which only changes chroma information of the GAN-output by slightly moving each Y component of YCbCr color gamut of pixel values up and down. The proposed method outperforms existing color palette extraction methods as given the accuracy of 0.9140.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2021

Image processing is one of the major techniques that are used for computer vision. Nowadays, researchers are using machine learning and deep learning for the aforementioned task. In recent years, digit recognition tasks, i.e., automatic meter recognition approach using electric or water meters, have been studied several times. However, two major issues arise when we talk about previous studies: first, the use of the deep learning technique, which includes a large number of parameters that increase the computational cost and consume more power; and second, recent studies are limited to the detection of digits and not storing or providing detected digits to a database or mobile applications. This paper proposes a system that can detect the digital number of meter readings using a lightweight deep neural network (DNN) for low power consumption and send those digits to an Android mobile application in real-time to store them and make life easy. The proposed lightweight DNN is computationally inexpensive and exhibits accuracy similar to those of conventional DNNs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.2168-2187
• /
• 2021

The smart grid replaces the traditional power structure with information inventiveness that contributes to a new physical structure. In such a field, malicious information injection can potentially lead to extreme results. Incorrect, FDI attacks will never be identified by typical residual techniques for false data identification. Most of the work on the detection of FDI attacks is based on the linearized power system model DC and does not detect attacks from the AC model. Also, the overwhelming majority of current FDIA recognition approaches focus on FDIA, whilst significant injection location data cannot be achieved. Building on the continuous developments in deep learning, we propose a Deep Learning based Locational Detection technique to continuously recognize the specific areas of FDIA. In the development area solver gap happiness is a False Data Detector (FDD) that incorporates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The FDD is established enough to catch the fake information. As a multi-label classifier, the following CNN is utilized to evaluate the irregularity and cooccurrence dependency of power flow calculations due to the possible attacks. There are no earlier statistical assumptions in the architecture proposed, as they are "model-free." It is also "cost-accommodating" since it does not alter the current FDD framework and it is only several microseconds on a household computer during the identification procedure. We have shown that ANN-MLP, SVM-RBF, and CNN can conduct locational detection under different noise and attack circumstances through broad experience in IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus systems. Moreover, the multi-name classification method used successfully improves the precision of the present identification.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we propose a system whereby one can automatically classifies categories based on image data of the products for a shopping mall platform. Many products sold within internet shopping malls are classified their category defined by the same use of product names and products. However, it is difficult to search by category classification when the classification of the product is uncertain and the product classified by the shopping mall seller judgment is different from the purchasing user judgment. We proposes classification and retrieval method by Deep Learning technique solely using product image. The system can categorize products by using their images and its speed and accuracy are quantified using test data. The performance is evaluated with the test data. In addition, its usability is tested with the participants.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.194-207
• /
• 2022

In the last decade, substantial progress has been achieved in intelligent traffic control technologies to overcome consistent difficulties of traffic congestion and its adverse effect on smart cities. Edge computing is one such advanced progress facilitating real-time data transmission among vehicles and roadside units to mitigate congestion. An edge computing-based deep reinforcement learning system is demonstrated in this study that appropriately designs a multiobjective reward function for optimizing different objectives. The system seeks to overcome the challenge of evaluating actions with a simple numerical reward. The selection of reward functions has a significant impact on agents' ability to acquire the ideal behavior for managing multiple traffic signals in a large-scale road network. To ascertain effective reward functions, the agent is trained withusing the proximal policy optimization method in several deep neural network models, including the state-of-the-art transformer network. The system is verified using both hypothetical scenarios and real-world traffic maps. The comprehensive simulation outcomes demonstrate the potency of the suggested reward functions.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2018

This paper introduces a study to improve the thermal efficiency of the district heating user control facility based on reinforcement learning. As an example, it is proposed a general method of constructing a deep Q learning network(DQN) using deep Q learning, which is a reinforcement learning algorithm that does not specify a model. In addition, it is also introduced the big data platform system and the integrated heat management system which are specialized in energy field applied in processing huge amount of data processing from IoT sensor installed in many thermal energy control facilities.