• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 1997

This study was aimed to decrease AOX(Adsorbed Organic Halide Compounds) by applying bleaching methods of A(HNO$_3$ ＋ NaNO$_2$) and $D^{(H/L)}$(dual pH chlorine dioxide bleaching) to conventional OCEDED bleaching stages. And so we investigate the effects of NSA treatment and the influence of production rate of ion species in chlorine dioxide and pulp mixtures according to various pH as well as dual pH on pulp bleaching. Finally the effects of AOC_DED^{(H/L)}ED^{(H/L)}$ bleaching stage were investigated by measuring AOX, brightness, kappa number and viscosity of pulps. A stage was treated by using 4% $HNO_3$ and 0.05~2.0% $NaNO_2$ on pulp and $D^{(H/L)}$ stage was like that pulp mixed with chlorine dioxide solution was adjusted at pH 7.0 and reacted in pulp cosistency 3%, S~20min, $70^{\circ}C$, and then successively for 160~175min at pH 4.0. It was found that suitable $NaNO_2$ addition rate was at 0.6% where the brigtness of pulp was most higher and pulp viscosity was not decreased much. Chlorate ($CIO_3$) was decreased according to pH increase but chlorite($CIO_2$) was highly decreased according to pH increase. And chloride was slightly increased with pH increase. The applying of A and D^{(H/L)}$ bleaching stages to some various multiple bleaching stages ($AOC_DED^{(H/L)}/EopD^{(H/L)} etc.$) had good results that brightness was increased more 2~3% ISO than conventional method(OCEDEopD), but viscosity was dropped by only 1~2cps.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). Objectives: To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. Methods: The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. Results: Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30-80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80-140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%-50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%-50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2018

Direct energy deposition (DED) technique uses a laser heat source to deposit a metal layer on a substrate. Many researchers have used the DED technique to study the hardfacing of molds and dies. The aim of this study is to obtain high surface hardness and a sound bonding between the AISI M4 deposits and a substrate utilizing a mixed powder that contains M4 and AISI P21 powders. To prevent interfacial cracks between the M4 deposits and the substrate, the mixed powder is pre-deposited onto a JIS S45C substrate, before the deposition of M4 powders. Interfacial defects occurring between the deposits and substrate and changes in the microhardness of the intermediate layer were examined. Observations of the cross-sections of deposited specimens revealed that the interfacial cracks appeared in samples with one and two mixed layers regardless of the mixture ratio. However, the crack was removed by increasing the mixture ratio and the number of intermediate layers. Meanwhile, the microhardness in the mixed layer was found to decrease with increasing ratio of P21 powder in the mixture and that in the upper region of the deposited layers was approximately 800 HV, which was attributed to various alloying elements in the M4 powder.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

본 논문은 동적 경제급전의 최적화 문제를 풀기 위해 교환 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 첫 번째로, 발전단가 $C_i^{max}/P_i^{max}$가 비싼 발전기는 가동을 중지시키는 개념을 도입하여 총 요구량 $P_d$와 총 발전량 ${\Sigma}P_i$의 균형을 맞추었다. 다음으로 발전량을 $P_i=P_i{\pm}{\Delta}$, (${\Delta}$=1.0, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001)에 대해 $_{max}[F(P_i)-F(P_i-{\Delta})]$ > $_{min}[F(P_j+{\Delta})-F(P_j)]$, $i{\neq}j$이면 $P_i=P_i-{\Delta}$, $P_j=P_j+{\Delta}$로 발전량을 교환하는 방법을 적용하였다. 동적 경제급전 문제의 시험사례에 제안된 알고리즘을 적용한 결과 기존의 휴리스틱 알고리즘 최적화 발전비용을 크기 감소시켜 경제적인 이익을 극대화 시켰다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.227-230
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• 1998

The effects of post curing conditions on thermal properties of alumina filled epoxy resin system DGEBA/MDA/SN were investigated. As the post curing time increased at 15$0^{\circ}C$, the glass transition temperature increased from 121 to 124, slightly. As the heating rate increased, high thermal decomposing temperature (T$_{d}$) and most decomposing temperature (T$_{p}$) increased. For the case of post-cured system at 15$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 days showed lower values than virgin system. At the post curing condition the system must have been thermally degraded.ded.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2022

Continuously renewing the proteome, translation is exquisitely controlled by a number of dedicated factors that interact with the ribosome. The RNA helicase DDX3 belonging to the DEAD box family has emerged as one of the critical regulators of translation, the failure of which is frequently observed in a wide range of proliferative, degenerative, and infectious diseases in humans. DDX3 unwinds double-stranded RNA molecules with coupled ATP hydrolysis and thereby remodels complex RNA structures present in various protein-coding and noncoding RNAs. By interacting with specific features on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), DDX3 facilitates translation, while repressing it under certain conditions. We review recent findings underlying these properties of DDX3 in diverse modes of translation, such as cap-dependent and cap-independent translation initiation, usage of upstream open reading frames, and stress-induced ribonucleoprotein granule formation. We further discuss how disease-associated DDX3 variants alter the translation landscape in the cell.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 1981

The kinetic study of rifamycin B production in batch culture of Nocardia mediterranei was undertaken in part of our endeavor to optimize the fermentation condition. The growth parameters such as $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks values for nitrogen source were evaluated by employing Monod equation. From the experiments, $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks were 0.15hr$^{-1}$ and 8.35g/1, respectively. The growth kinetics in batch culture was found successfully interpreted by logistic law, i.e., the initial specific growth rate and the maximum cell mass concentration were determined as function of pH and both found to have maxima. For the production of rifamycin B, a non-growth associated production kinetics was employed and the specific productivity as a function of pH was found to have two maximum points. The yield coefficient and the specific productivity were calculated as mean values in production phase. Utilizing these experimental data as a function of pH, the optimal condition for the rifamycin B production was discussed with regad to the pH effect on the cell growth and production of the antibiotic. As a result, growth phase at pH 6.5 and production phase at pH 7.0 were found to be recommended.ded.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권6_2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2014

본 연구는 서울시의 범죄와 기상변화 및 불쾌지수를 상관관계분석을 하고 회귀분석을 통해 예측식을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 데이터들은 서울지방경찰청 2008년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지의 범죄데이터와 포털사이트를 통해 기상청에 기록된 기상기록 및 불쾌지수를 사용하였다. 이 데이터를 토대로 범죄와 기상변화 및 불쾌지수의 상관관계분석과 회귀분석을 하기 위해 SPSS 18.0을 활용하였고, 분석을 통해 예측식을 도출하고 도출된 예측식을 통해 얻어진 예측값에 따라 위험지수를 5단계로 나타내었다. 이 같이 구분된 5단계의 위험지수를 통해 범죄예방활동에 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of the application of kimchi LAB as starter culture in the production of fermented sausages. For this, the solid-state model media composed to simulate the substantial conditions of meat mixtures were fermented for 120 h after the treatment with different concentrations of kimchi (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0%) and lyophilized kimchi-powder (0.2 % and 0.5%). During the fermentation period, the growth of total viable cells and LAB, and the changes of pH and titratable acidity were investigated. The initial LAB counts ranged from 7.18 to 8.34 Log CFU/ mL for kimchi media and from 6.93 to 6.94 Log CFU/mL for kimchi-powder media depending on the added concentrations. The kimchi LAB in this study were not influenced by the immobilized condition for their adaptation and growth by showing no lag phase and thus acted similar as in the submerged medium. The initially increased counts reached around 9 Log CFU/ mL in 12 h independent of the concentrations of a ded kimchi. However, the growth and metabolic activity of kimchi-powder LAB were influenced by the immobilized condition. Supposedly, as the nutrient supply in solid-state depended solely on diffusion, these differences in the souring properties were caused by the LAB topography in the medium matrix. Nevertheless, the differences in the numbers of LAB between two media were less than 0.5 Log units and the pH drop in the solidstate batches was quite rapid and reached low values. Therefore, it can be assumed that kimchi and kimchi-powder LAB showed the utility as the substitute of commercial starter culture even without a rehydrating pretreatment.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1998

본 연구는 체외에서 성숙되고 수정된 소 수정란의 체외 발달에 thiol compound인 $\beta$-mercaptoethanol($\beta$-ME)과 cysteine(CYS)의 첨가 효과를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 미성숙 난포란을 회수한 후 TCM-199 배양액내에서 24시간 동안 성숙을 유도하였다. 수정은 Fert-TALP 배양액에서 실시하였으며, 2세포기로 발달한 수정란만을 선별하여 CR1aa 배양액내에 $\beta$-ME 및 CYS를 첨가하여 체외배양하였다. 실험 1에서는 $\beta$-ME과 CYS의 최적농도를 알아보기 위해서 0, 5, 25, 125$\mu$M의 $\beta$-ME과 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0mM의 CYS이 첨가된 배양액에 2세포기 난자를 9일 동안 배양하면서 배반포까지 발달율을 조사하였다. 그 결과 25$\mu$M의 $\beta$-ME 그리고 0.1mM의 CYS이 첨가된 배양액에서 배반포까지의 발달율은 각각 30.7%와 31.0%로 대조군의 발달율(8.0%, 15%)에 비해 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 실험 2에서는 배반포 형성에 있어 최적농도인 25$\mu$M의 $\beta$-ME과 0.1mM의 CYS을 각각 초기배(2$\longrightarrow$8세포기)와 후기배 (8세포기 이후) 배양시 첨가하였을 때, 그 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과 후기배양시 25$\mu$M의 $\beta$-ME과 0.1mM의 CYS이 첨가된 배양액내에서 배반포까지의 발달율은 각각 60.2%와 43.1%로 초기배 배양에서의 첨가군(18.2%, 23.7%)과 대조군(22.5%, 18.1%)에 비해 유\ulcorner거으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 따라서 배양액내 $\beta$-ME과 CYS의 첨가는 체외에서 생산된 소 난자의 배발달율을 향상시키며, 초기배 수정란의 genome 활성이 일어나는 시기 (8~16 세포) 이후에 첨가효과가 큼을 알 수 있었다.