• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.853-861
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• 2020

The study aims to measure the productivity of the Saudi banking sector at the retail level using secondary data for 11 local banks from the period 2015-2019. The study uses an extended version of the Cobb-Douglas production function to account for the fact that as banks openup more retail branches, they will need to employ more labor. The extended Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated using the two-way fixed effect model to account for unobserved heterogeneity across Saudi banks resulting from differences in labor competencies and leadership style. Besides, the model accounts for unobserved heterogeneity among Saudi banks due to the advancement in electronic services over time. The results showed that labor, branches, customers' deposits, and fixed deposits have a positive effect on the total value of generated loans. Conversely, ATM has an insignificant effect on generated loans. The average scale elasticity shows that the Saudi banks at the retail level are operating under decreasing returns to scale. The average marginal rate of technical substitution shows that Saudi banks need at least one ATM to replace one unit of labor at the retail level while keeping the same level of output.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

The fisheries industry has led the Korean economy, and has been achieving high-level position in the world. However, this industry meets aging, low growth and profit. In order to overcome this critical situation, it is needed to understand the overall status of industry. In industry level, most of previous researches focused on ocean industry rather than fisheries. In addition, scholars have been getting a lot of attention about fisheries cooperatives, fishing-ports, methods of fishery, and manufacturing process in fisheries sector. The aim of this research is analysis of domestic fisheries industry's managerial performance using data envelopment analysis(DEA) considering operating and scale view. Furthermore, the comparative analysis is performed by firm size, and industry type. In results, fisheries industry's managerial performance is not high, overall. In more detail, most of big size firms are under decreasing returns to scale(DRS) status. Fishery processing industry's performance is low, and fishery distribution industry has the best performance. This paper suggests that transferring operating capability from big firms to small firms, and policy supports and firm's activities should be accompanied for high-value added in fisher, and fishery processing industries.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2016

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of R&D investment efficiency and operational efficiency of IT firms using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We categorized thirteen sample firms into two groups-IT manufacturing and IT service-after an extensive literature review on IT industry classification. We adopted an output-oriented two-stage DEA model suggested by Banker et al. (1984) with total asset and R&D investment as input variables. Then, we constructed investment efficiency and operational efficiency by using Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Asset (ROA) as intervening variables and operating income and Earnings Per Share (EPS) as output variables. The outcome of the analysis is summarized as follows. First of all, IT manufacturing firms were more efficient (57% on average) than IT service firms. To be specific, IT service firms showed decreasing returns to scale (DRS) with diseconomy of scale. In contrast, IT service firms showed higher operational efficiency (81.5% on average) than IT manufacturing firms. Also, we conducted a Mann-Whitney U test to compare the output of IT service firms and IT manufacturing firms. Lastly, we found a negative correlation ($R^2$ = -.754) between R&D investment efficiency and operational efficiency which infers the trade-off between two constructs

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The present study has aimed at analyzing the technical and scale efficiencies of credit utilization by the farmer-borrowers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. DEA approach was followed to analyze the credit utilization efficiency and to analyze the factors influencing the credit utilization efficiency, log-linear regression analysis was attempted. DEA analysis revealed that, the number of farmers operating at CRS are more in number in marginal farms (40%) followed by other (35%) and small (17.5%) farms. Regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, small farmers dominate the scenario with 72.5 per cent followed by other (67.5%) and marginal (42.5%) farmers. With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farmers are in majority (52.5%) followed by other (47.5%) and small (25%) farmers. At the pooled level, 26.7 per cent of the farmers are being operated at CRS, 63 per cent at VRS and 32.5 per cent of the farmers are either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Nearly 58, 15 and 28 percents of the farmers in the marginal farms category were found operating in the region of increasing, decreasing and constant returns respectively. Compared to marginal farmers category, there are less number of farmers operating at CRS both in small farmers category (15%) and other farmers category (22.5%). At the pooled level, only 5 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS, majority of the farmers (73%) are operating at IRS and only 22 per cent of the farmers are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of credit. The log-linear regression model fitted to analyze the major determinants of credit utilization (technical) efficiency of farmer-borrowers revealed that, the three variables viz., cost of cultivation and family expenditure (both negatively influencing at 1% significant level) and family income (positively influencing at 1% significant level) are the major determinants of credit utilization efficiency across all the selected farmers categories and at pooled level. The analysis further indicate that, escalation in the cost of cultivation of crop enterprises in the region, rise in family expenditure and prior indebtedness of the farmers are showing adverse influence on the credit utilization efficiency of the farmer-borrowers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.512-520
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relative operational efficiency and impact factors of regional public hospitals to present benchmarking points for enhancing the efficiency of inefficient regional public hospitals. The survey targets collected and utilized the internal resources and management performance data from 34 regional public hospitals in Korea over the past five years, from 2014 to 2018. The final 33 regional public hospitals were surveyed, excluding Jinan Regional Public Hospital, which opened in 2015, the middle of the survey period. The general characteristics and input/output variables were analyzed by frequency analysis and technical statistics analysis, and Data Envelopment Analysis was performed to measure the operational efficiency index and relative comparison. According to the study, there were 11 efficient hospitals (33.3%) and 22 inefficient hospitals (66.7%). Of the 22 inefficient hospitals, 13 (IRS: Increasing Returns to Scale) required scale expansion, and nine (DRS: Decreasing Returns to Scale) required scale reduction or rebalancing. The significance of this study was that an analysis of the relative efficiency and influencing factors presented specific alternatives or directions that could help enhance the efficiency of the growth of regional public hospitals, sustainable management, and expansion of publicness.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.490-498
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• 2009

This study attempted to examine the profitability and marketing costs of seed potato under contract farming system of BADC (Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation) with the help of primary and secondary data. Total 45 contract farmers were randomly selected. Attempts were made to calculate costs, returns and profitability of seed potato production under contract farming system, and to identify marketing channels of seed potato. The field level data were collected by a farm survey during the months of April 2005 through direct interviews with contract farmers and registered dealers using a structure survey questionnaire. The results showed that the gross return per hectare was Tk. 252,464 for all categories of farms. Cost of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and human labor were critical inputs for profitability of seed potato. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was used to determine the effects of the key variables to seed potato production under contract farming system. The elasticity of seed potato production was at 0.727 for all categories of farms. The findings exhibited that the summation of elasticity of different inputs for seed potato production was less than one, implying that the production function exhibited decreasing returns to scale. Registered dealers and Upazila Sales Centers were involved in seed potato marketing formed a straightforward marketing channel. The total marketing costs of registered dealers were Tk. 759.49 per ton of seed potato. The net marketing margin of registered dealers was estimated at Tk. 465.51 per ton of seed potato. The selected contract farmers and registered dealers faced a number of problems and some of recommendations were suggested.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.691-726
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• 2013

We develop a hybrid model which allows the change in electricity generation mix by adding the electricity-sector components of bottom-up model to the conventional CGE model. The electricity sector is represented as a sum of separate generation technologies, each of which has the form of DRTS (Decreasing Returns to Scale) production function, unlike the conventional CGE model. We compare the effects of the 30% emission reduction target using the hybrid model with those using the conventional CGE model. The cost of meeting the target is lower with the hybrid model than the conventional CGE. It is consistent with previous studies in that adding the bottom-up components to the top-down model reduces the cost of emission reduction. In an extra analysis we find that an additional regulation like RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) increases the cost.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 2020

This study aims to utilize DEA, analyze the efficiency of Korean coffee franchises, look into the factors that affect efficiency, and improve the efficiency of Korean coffee franchises. The main results of this study are as follows. First, according to CCR model standards, there are a total of 9 efficient coffee franchises and according to BCC model standards, there are a total of 12 efficient coffee franchises. A total of three of the inefficient DMUs were found to have a value of 1 for BCC, while the other 25 were found to be inefficient for both technology and scale. Second, of 28 franchises, 11 were analyzed to be decreasing return to scale and through future increased investments of optimum levels, business performance can be improved and efficiency can be enhanced. Analysis showed that 9 franchises appeared as CRS and it is most ideal to maintain the yield of future output elements at current levels and the work efficiency of 8 franchises in increasing returns to scale states expands as production scales increase according to specialization and role division and yield can relatively improve a lot. Third, the analysis of factors affecting the efficiency of franchises through the Tobit regression analysis showed that the number of franchises and operating periods had a positive (+) effect on efficiency. Based on this study, the efficiency of coffee franchises should be analyzed to establish strategies to maximize efficiency. Based on this study, the efficiency of coffee franchises should be analyzed to establish strategies to maximize efficiency.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-98
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• 2007

Wetland provides various environmental services as well as marketable goods to human society. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the wetland valuation studies conducted in Korea during the past decade. Meta-analysis is a technique of summarizing research results from the separate but related studies using statistical methods. The objectives of the paper is to identify the main factors affecting the wetland values and to examine the applicability of meta-regression analysis for summarizing the information from valuation studies of natural ecosystem. The total of 64 observations from 24 studies are assembled, and we observe significant differences in wetland values depending on the characteristics of the studies. With the statistical significance, our results indicate that the method employed affects the wetland values while the wetland function evaluated affects little. In addition, we found that the size of wetland is negatively associated with the values, implying that wetland values exhibit the decreasing returns to scale. The evidences from our empirical analysis suggest that the meta-analysis has a potential as a tool to synthesize the research results from valuation studies and to provide useful information to policy makers. However, this study acknowledges that more effort should be dedicated toward the construction of DB on valuation studies as well as the research on the model improvement to enhance the validity and reliability of meta-analysis.