• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 1998

To know possibility of raw ginseng production for white- and red-ginseng by direct-sowing culture, seeds were directly sowed or seedlings were transplanted at soil condition of sandy loam in ginseng field. After cultivation, the characters of 5-year-old ginseng were investigated. Number of survived plants was increased with increase the seeding quantity in direct-sowing culture, the survived plants in direct-sowing culture was higher than that of transplanting one. Rate of the numbers of survived plants to numbers of seeds sowed in plots of 134 or 90 seeds sowed per tan, 180 x 90cm area, inspire of high number of survived plant was high compared to that of transplanting culture. Occurrence rate of rusty root of ginseng in direct-sowing culture was low significantly compared to that of transplanting culture. Root yield showed in the order of 134, 268, 90 seeds sowed, the values of yield in direct-sowing culture were high obviously compared to that of transplanting one. Individual root weight was increased with decrease the seeding quantity, however, the root weight in plot of 90 seeds sowed showed almost equal the weight in transplanting culture. The number of usable raw ginseng for white- and red-ginseng was increased with decrease of the seeding quantity; the numbers were higher than that of transplanting culture remarkably. We concluded that optimum seedling rate in direct-sowing culture of ginseng was 90 to 134 seeds per tan considering the yield per area and production rate of large root.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-33
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• 1989

하이브리도마의 회분식 배양에서 세포증식 속도가 기질의 소비 속도나 단일클론 항체의 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 세포의 증식속도를 조절하는 방법으로는 다음 3가지를 이용하여다. 1)배양액내 혈청의 농도를 낮추는 방법, 2) 배양온도를 낮추는 방법, 3)세포증식 억제제를 첨가하는 방법, 실험결과에 따르면 위의 세가지 방법에 의해 세포증식 속도가 20~50% 감소하는 동안 기질의 소비속도와 암모니아의 생성 속도는 40%까지 감소하였다. 반면에 단일클론 항체의 최종농도는 하이브리도마 세포의 증식이 저해되지 않았을 경우데 비해 100%까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 결과는 하이브리도마 배양에서 단일크론 항체 생산의 증가에 유용한 방법으로 이용 될 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1972

Contrary to most of European and American investigators failed to find out the seasonal variations of basal metabolic rate in man, Japanese and Korean investigators reported the increase in winter, decrease in summer season. But the causes of variation were not found clearly. To find out whether metabolic acclimatization to climate could be arise or not in human being, the basal metabolic rate was determined monthly for a period of one year in Airmen volunteers who live in Seoul, with 9 l Collins spirometer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average ambient temperature was lowest in February $(-5.88^{\circ}C)$ and highest in July $(27.34^{\circ}C)$. 2. Basal metabolic rate was lowest in June and highest in December showing seasonal variations. Interestingly, the increase of basal metabolic rate followed after the drop of ambient temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ (December) and the decrease followed after the elevation of ambient temperature from optimum to hot (June) or cold to warm (March). 3, Mean skinfold thickness increased in spring, decreased in winter. 4. These findings indicate that the basal metabolic rate of Korean reveals the seasonal variation affected by ambient temperature highly.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

Purpose - Along with Chinese exchange rate's reform advancement, the issue of exchange rate of RMB has increasingly become the heated focus in the world. In July 2005, China carried out the reform of the exchange rate system, and this behavior has aroused the attention of the world. However, the dispute on whether the theory of purchasing power parity holds or not in China still exists. As such, this paper will attempt to explore whether the purchasing power parity is significant in China. Research design, data, and methodology - The monthly data from July 2005 to December 2017 will be employed to analyze the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar and the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the euro. Based on these datum, an empirical analysis will be conducted under the unit root test and the cointegration test to exploit the significance of purchasing power parity in China. Results - The findings of this paper reveal that an increase in China's consumer price index will lead to an increase in the RMB exchange rate, which will lead to the depreciation of RMB. Concomitantly, an increase in the consumer price index in the US and Europe will result in a decrease in the RMB exchange rate, which will lead to an appreciation of RMB. In general, in terms of the US, if US consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against US dollar will decrease by 0.905%; if China's consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against US dollar will increase by 0.648%. In terms of Europe, if Europe consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against euro will decrease by 0.277%; If China's consumer price index increases by 1%, China's nominal exchange rate against euro will increase by 0.235%. Conclusions - Generally speaking, the empirical evidences this paper provided show that the purchasing power parity theory has a certain explanatory ability for the decision of RMB exchange rate. As such, the purchasing power parity cannot hold completely, and China's government should continue to deepen the reform of the exchange rate system to improve China's exchange rate market.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2013

In order to investigate the significance of "salting-out" and "pore swelling" effects on the nanofiltration of neutral solutes, rejection properties of two NF ceramic and polymeric membranes were studied with single polyethyleneglycol (PEG) solution and mixed PEG/inorganic electrolyte solutions. For both membranes, the rejection rate of PEG was found to decrease significantly in the presence of ions. In the case of the ceramic membrane (rigid pores), this phenomenon was imputed to the sole partial dehydration of PEG molecules induced by the surrounding ions. This assumption was confirmed by the lowering of the PEG rejection rates which followed the Hofmeister series. Experimental data were used to compute the resulting decrease in the Stokes radius of PEG molecules in the presence of the various salts. Concerning the polymeric membrane, the decrease in the rejection rate was found to be systematically higher than for the ceramic membrane. The additional decrease was then ascribed to the swelling of the pores. The experimental data of rejection rates were then used to compute the variation in the mean pore radius in the presence of the various salts. The pore swelling phenomenon due to accumulation of counterions inside pores was supported by electrokinetic charge density measurements.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

본 연구는 비정규직 고용률과 여성고용률이 출산율에 미치는 효과를 동태패널모형을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 출산율은 전년도 출산율이 높을수록 상승하는 경향을 확인하였으며, 임시직 고용률이 높을수록 출산율이 하락하는 반면, 여성고용률이 개선되는 것은 출산율을 높이는 영향을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 높은 경제성장률은 개인이 직면하게 되는 소득의 상승으로 이어질 수 있으므로 경제성장률이 높을수록 출산율이 높아질 수 있는 반면, 주택 임대료가 증가하는 것은 출산율을 낮추는 것으로 분석되어 주거비부담과 출산간 경합관계가 성립함을 확인할 수 있었다. 고출산 국가들에 대한 분석에서는 전년도 출산율과 임대료 수준의 영향만 확인할 수 있었던 반면, 저출산 국가에서는 임시직 고용률이나 여성 고용률, 경제성장률이 출산율에 영향이 있는 것으로 분석되어 출산율 수준에 따라 차별적인 영향력을 확인하였다. 이는 우리나라와 같이 저출산 국가는 임시직 고용률을 낮추면서 정규직 비율을 높이고, 여성의 고용률을 높이는 것과 같은 노동정책 개선이 출산율을 개선하는데 도움이 되는 정책적 방향이라는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제7권1_4호
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• pp.28-37
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• 1977

The pharmacological actions to methanol extract(PME) obtained from Plantaginis semen were examined in the rabbit. 1) PME, when administered into the vein of rabbit, produced the fall of blood pressure and stimulation of respiration. The former action was inhibited by atropine but the latter not affected by atropine. 2) PME caused contraction in both isolated intestinal and uterus strips, atropine blocked the contraction of intestinal strips while did not the uterus contraction. 3) PME decreased the heart rate of rabbit anesthetized with urethane. 4) PME elicited antidiuresis with doses ranging from 10mg/kg. The antidiuresis appeared to be related to the hemodynamic changes decreases in the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Urinary sodium and potassium decrease in the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Urinary sodium and potassium decrease in relation to the diminished filtration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to elucidate protective effect of Fructus Schsandrae(FS) water extract against xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine(XO/HX)-induced cardiotoxicity in myocardial cells this experiment was performed. Cardiotoxicity of XO/HX was examined by MTT(MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5,-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. XO/HX induced the decrease of cell viability. Also XO/HX induced the increase of LDH activity and the decrease of beating rate on cultured myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate cardioprotective effect of FS water extract cultures were preincubated with FS water extract for 3 hours. Cultures were then exposed to XO/HX for 72 hours. FS water extract have an efficacy in decreaasing LDH activity and increasing heart beating rate on cultured myocardial cells damaged by XO/HX. From the results it is suggested that XO/HX may show toxic effect in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal mouse and FS water extract is effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.235-241
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• 1998

Flow characteristics of a compressible gas flow through a rotating disc-type rotary valve are investigated experimentally under various conditions. It is known that the mass flow rate through poppet valves of 4-stroke cycle engines and through piston valves of 2-stroke cycle engines decrease with increase in engine speed. Rotary valve is one means by which air maybe made to flow intermittently through a pipe. In this paper a exhaust system simulator of engine was used to experimentally analyzer the decrease inflow rate at high rotation speeds and to determine what variables, other than rotational speed, give rise to the observed behaviour. These variables have been included in an empirical equation which is representative of the measured flow characteristics.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2008

This paper investigated the a-si:H gate driver with the stepwise gate signal. In 1-chip type mobile LCD application the stepwise gate signal for low power consumption can be used by adding simple switching circuit. The power consumption of the a-Si:H gate driver can be decreased by employing the stepwise gate signal in the conventional circuit. In conventional one, the effect of stepwise gate signal can decrease slew rate and increase the fluctuation of gate-off state voltage, In order to increase the slew rate and decrease the gate off state fluctuation, we proposed a new a-Si:H TFT gate driver circuit. The simulation data of the new circuit show that the slew rate and the gate-off state fluctuation are improved, so the circuit can work reliably.