• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.261-281
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• 2023

The proliferation of online customer reviews has completely changed how consumers purchase. Consumers now heavily depend on authentic experiences shared by previous customers. However, deceptive reviews that aim to manipulate customer decision-making to promote or defame a product or service pose a risk to businesses and buyers. The studies investigating consumer perception of deceptive reviews found that one of the important cues is based on review content. This study aims to investigate the impact of the information amount of review on the review truthfulness. This study adopted the Information Manipulation Theory (IMT) as an overarching theory, which asserts that the violations of one or more of the Gricean maxim are deceptive behaviors. It is regarded as a quantity violation if the required information amount is not delivered or more information is delivered; that is an attempt at deception. A topic modeling algorithm is implemented to reveal the distribution of each topic embedded in a text. This study measures information amount as topic diversity based on the results of topic modeling, and topic diversity shows how heterogeneous a text review is. Two datasets of restaurant reviews on Yelp.com, which have Filtered (deceptive) and Unfiltered (genuine) reviews, were used to test the hypotheses. Reviews that contain more diverse topics tend to be truthful. However, excessive topic diversity produces an inverted U-shaped relationship with truthfulness. Moreover, we find an interaction effect between topic diversity and reviews' ratings. This result suggests that the impact of topic diversity is strengthened when deceptive reviews have lower ratings. This study contributes to the existing literature on IMT by building the connection between topic diversity in a review and its truthfulness. In addition, the empirical results show that topic diversity is a reliable measure for gauging information amount of reviews.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2015

Since the early 2000s, there has been a continued interest in lie detection using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in neuroscience and forensic sciences, as well as in newly emerging fields including neuroethics and neurolaw. Related fMRI studies have revealed converging evidence that brain regions including the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, and anterior insula are associated with deceptive behavior. However, fMRI-based lie detection has thus far not been generally accepted as evidence in court, as methodological shortcomings, generalizability issues, and ethical and legal concerns are yet to be resolved. In the present review, we aim to illustrate these achievements and limitations of fMRI-based lie detection.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2016

웹이 정보 교환의 주된 수단으로 사용되면서, 온라인 리뷰의 중요도가 증가하는 동시에 사용자의 올바른 의사결정을 저해하는 의견 스팸 이슈가 부각되고 있으며, 관련 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 분석 및 학습에 필요한 기준 데이터셋의 부족함과 한계점들은 관련 연구의 발전을 더디게 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사실 리뷰를 모사한 새로운 형태의 Paraphrased Opinion Spam(POS) 데이터셋을 소개한다. 우리는 실제 스패머들이 스팸을 작성할 때 실제 리뷰를 참고한다는 경향에 착안하여, 실제 리뷰어들이 작성한 리뷰를 의역하는 과정을 통하여 본문에 포함되어 있는 사실 정보와 경험을 담은 스팸 데이터 셋을 생성하였다. 실험 결과, 새롭게 생성된 POS 데이터셋이 언어학적으로 실제 리뷰들과 유사하여 스팸 분류 모델을 이용하여 분류 시 기존의 데이터셋들보다 더 분류하기 힘들다는 것을 발견했다. 또한 데이터의 학습량에 따라서 스팸 리뷰의 분류 정확도가 비례적으로 증가하는 것을 확인함으로써, 데이터의 양이 스팸 분류 모델 성능에 중요한 요소로 작용한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2022

After COVID-19, the percentage of digital consumption has soared. Meanwhile, as the online platform market grows in size and digital commerce is activated, controversy over the "dark pattern" that induces consumers to do unintended things online continues. Dark patterns are deceptive design patterns that cause consumer rights and financial damage and can result in damaging fair market competition. As a result, the need to regulate dark patterns is raised not only by overseas regulators but also in Korea, and there are growing calls for strengthening consumer protection against dark patterns, with amendments to related laws being proposed by the National Assembly. On the other hand, there is no agreed definition of dark pattern from a normative point of view, and there is a concern that even legitimate advertising marketing activities of companies may be regulated, so a review of dark pattern regulatory measures is required. In this study, dark patterns were reviewed from a normative point of view and appropriate regulatory measures were analyzed. In particular, the problem of the dark pattern can be applied in a way that the market regulates and controls itself in consideration of the characteristics of the online platform. This study reviewed the possibility of self-regulation for dart patterns and proposed the role of each subject.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제40권
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• pp.7-44
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• 2007

본 연구는 일제하 발행된 사회주의 잡지의 발행 상황과 지국 운영의 실태를 살펴보고 그 과정에서 나타난 잡지 발행의 의의와 한계를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 결과로 나타난 바는 다음과 같다. 사회주의 잡지는 3 1운동 이후 일제가 우리나라의 지배방식을 문화통치로 전환한 환경 하에서 다른 신문과 잡지와 같이 일제 당국의 허가를 통해 등장했다. 잡지는 발행부터 편집 및 배포에 이르기까지 일제 당국의 검열을 받았기 때문에 이로 인한 경영난 편집난 원고난으로 휴간과 속간을 거듭하는 등 발행 상황이 매우 좋지 않았다. 하지만 발행금지와 원고압수가 빈번히 행해지는 악조건에서도 발행인은 잡지의 발행을 위한 노력을 계속하였다. 그것은 이들 잡지가 사회주의 사상단체나 조선공산당의 기관지로 발행되는 등 사회주의 사상과 운동을 전파하는 운동의 일환으로 만들어졌기 때문이었다. 이들이 전국에 설치한 지분국은 잡지의 배포뿐만이 아니라 운동의 전선체로서의 역할도 수행했다. 따라서 사회주의 잡지는 사회주의 사상을 전파하는 핵심적인 지식원(知識源)으로서 뿐만 아니라 운동을 견인하는 역할도 담당했다. 그러나 사회주의 잡지는 일제의 가혹한 탄압과 지식인 중심의 발행 환경 등으로 인해 대중 속으로 들어가는 데는 어려움이 있었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제54권
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• pp.145-166
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• 2012

This article examines the limitations of the choice of law caused by Internationally Mandatory Rules in Entering into the Turn-Key Contracts. In June 2007, Clough Engineering, a corporation based in Western Australia, approached the Federal Court of Australia seeking injunctive relief and leave to commence proceedings against an entity located outside Australia, the Oil & Natural Gas Corp of India (ONGC). Clough had contracted with ONGC to provide a range of services in relation to the construction of gas and oil wells off the coast of India. The contract was governed by Indian law, and included a clause by which the parties agreed to submit their disputes to arbitration. Yet the Federal Court assumed jurisdiction over the dispute, principally because Clough had framed its claim as a plea for relief for contraventions of Australia's Trade Practices Act 1974. The result of this cases that it is possible for an arbitral tribunal to hear a claim made under the Trade Practices Act even if that claim arises "in connection with"a contract the proper law of which is not the law of Australia. However, in Transfield Philippines Inc v Pacific Hydro Ltd, the turnkey contract included a choice of law provision, selecting the law of the Philippines, and a clause providing that all disputes arising out of or in connection with the agreement were to be arbitrated under the ICC Rules, with the seat in Singapore. Hearings were in fact conducted in Melbourne, Australia, although all awards were published in Singapore. The result of this cases that it would not be appropriate for an Australian court to adjudicate claims for misrepresentation under Australian statutes dealing with misleading and deceptive conduct, once the arbitral tribunal had determined, applying appropriate choice of law rules, that such claims are governed by the law of the Philippines. To do so would lead to a multiplicity of proceedings, usurp the jurisdiction of the tribunal and deny the intention of the parties as expressed by them in the arbitration agreement. In short, the Internationally Mandatory Rules as an active part of public order create limitation of party autonomy in choice of law rules in a different way. The court is fully entitled to refuse to use those rules of law applicable on the contract which are in the contradiction to the internationally mandatory rules of law of the forum. And the court may give an effect to those Internationally Mandatory Rules that form a part of a law of foreign country when deciding about applicability of certain rules of applicable law.