• Title/Summary/Keyword: Debt Ratio

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The Impacts of Reporting Choice on Asymmetric Cost Behavior - Focused on Korean and Japanese Manufacturing Firms - (회계선택이 비대칭적 원가행태에 미치는 영향 - 한국, 일본 제조기업을 중심으로 -)

  • Noh, Gil-Kwan;Kim, Dong-Il
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.452-458
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze how managers' reporting choices affect asymmetric cost behaviors in manufacturing firms in Korea and Japan. In order to analyze the contents, SG&A, COGS, and operating expenses (OE), which were the targets of the previous studies, were analyzed using the operating costs paid in cash (OC) and the operating expenses before depreciation (OEBD) proposed by Shust and Weiss (2014). The differentiation of cost behavior was analyzed. The analysis revealed, first, that both Korea and Japan showed the difference between cost behavior of OE and OC. Specifically, the cost stickiness of OC was higher than that of OE. In particular, it showed that Korea firms have a higher intensity of tangible fixed assets that are weakening the cost stickiness compared to Japanese firms. Second, the occurrence of depreciation costs weakens the cost stickiness in both countries. Lastly, the higher the debt ratio, the more aggressively the cost reduction of Japanese companies. We hope that this study will help to improve the relationship between the two countries at the academic level when the Korea-Japan relationship cools down.

Analysis of Fuel Marginal Price for Biomass Power Plant - On the Basis of China Biomass Power Plant - (바이오매스 발전소 연료한계단가 분석 - 중국 바이오매스 발전소를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Cheol;Sa, Jae-Hwan;Kim, YunSoung;Jeon, Eui-Chan
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2010
  • This study is analyzed the financial feasibility of biomass power plant in China in terms of fuel marginal price of biomass power plant. The range of fuel price is 150~300 RMB and IRR(Internal Rate of Return), NPV(Net Present Value), DSCR(Debt Service Coverage Ratio) and operation time are analyzed by 10 RMB from 150 RMB. The sensitivity of IRR went down by 1.35 on average. The sensibility of NPV showed big difference by 20% on 260 RMB and 270 RMB. In addition, DSCR of loan is at 1.0 at raw cost of 242 RMB and at lower than 1.0 when the raw cost over 242 RMB. It means that the pay-off of principal and interest of the loan is expected to be difficult in that case. The operation time of power plant should be 88% against standard operation time to maintain over 1.0 of DSCR. Therefore, the factors affecting the cost of raw material to build the power plant and to operate it should be prioritized.

Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Predicting Online Peer-to-Peer(P2P) Loan Default (인공지능기법을 이용한 온라인 P2P 대출거래의 채무불이행 예측에 관한 실증연구)

  • Bae, Jae Kwon;Lee, Seung Yeon;Seo, Hee Jin
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.207-224
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    • 2018
  • In this article, an empirical study was conducted by using public dataset from Lending Club Corporation, the largest online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in the world. We explore significant predictor variables related to P2P lending default that housing situation, length of employment, average current balance, debt-to-income ratio, loan amount, loan purpose, interest rate, public records, number of finance trades, total credit/credit limit, number of delinquent accounts, number of mortgage accounts, and number of bank card accounts are significant factors to loan funded successful on Lending Club platform. We developed online P2P lending default prediction models using discriminant analysis, logistic regression, neural networks, and decision trees (i.e., CART and C5.0) in order to predict P2P loan default. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of P2P lending default prediction models, borrower loan data and credit data used in this study. Empirical results indicated that neural networks outperforms other classifiers such as discriminant analysis, logistic regression, CART, and C5.0. Neural networks always outperforms other classifiers in P2P loan default prediction.

Financial Status of Korean Ppuri Industry based on Credit Evaluation (2017-2019) (신용평가에 기반한 한국 뿌리기업 재무상황 (2017-2019))

  • Kim, Bo Kyung;Kim, Taek-Soo;Lee, Sangmok;Kim, Chang Kyung
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.83-93
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    • 2022
  • Throughout this research course, we have analyzed the financial situation of more than 2,700 companies using credit evaluation disclosures from 2017 to 2019. The population was gathered based on the certification of Ppuri companies and Ppuri Expertise companies through the Korea National Ppuri Industry Center, accompanied by the NICE credit evaluation index. For the first time in Korea, we wanted to look at growth, profitability, and stability through financial analysis of the Ppuri industry. Through an indepth analysis, we identified operating income (rate), net income (rate), asset size, and debt ratio, along with three years of Ppuri company workers and total sales fluctuations, and looked at the financial structure per capita. In addition, financial status per person was compared by dividing Ppuri companies into six groups by employee size. Groups were 10 or fewer people, 11 to 20 people, 21 to 50 people, 51 to 200 people, 201-300 people, and 300 or more people; single individual companies were excluded for research convenience. Overall, the financial situation of Ppuri companies was judged to be in a very bad downturn, and financial indicators deteriorated over the course of the three years of investigation. In particular, the smaller the number of employees, the greater the financial fluctuations were and the worse the situations were. Among Ppuri companies, the casting industry, which is the technical starting point for the value chain of the industry, was found to also be in a very bad state, with continued workforce declines, total assets and sales reductions at severe levels, and operating income (rate) and net income (rate) also very poor. This is why we need a suitable and feasible policy direction, something that is difficult but must be allowed to develop.

A Study on Popular Sentiment for Generation MZ: Through social media (SNS) sentiment analysis (MZ세대에 대한 대중감성 연구: 소셜미디어(SNS) 감성 분석을 통해)

  • Myung-suk Ann
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2023
  • In this study, the public sensitivity of the 'MZ generation' was examined through the social media big data sensitivity analysis method. For the analysis, the consumer account SNS text was examined, and positive and negative emotional factors were presented by classifying external sensibilities and emotions of the MZ generation. In conclusion, the positive emotions of liking and interest in relation to the "MZ generation" were 72.1%, higher than the negative emotional ratio of 27.9%. In positive sensitivity, the older generation showed 'a favorable feeling for the individuality and dignifiedness of the MZ generation' and 'interest in the MZ generation with new values'. In contrast, the MZ generation has a favorable feeling for 'the fact that they are a generation of their own boldness, youthfulness and individuality' and 'small growthism'. Negative sensitivity outside the MZ generation was found to be 'A concern about the marriage avoidance, employment difficulties, debt investment, and resignation trends of the MZ generation', 'Hate the MZ generation who treats Kkondae' and 'Difficult to talk to the MZ generation'. On the other hand, the negative emotions felt by the MZ generation itself were 'Rejection of generalization', 'Rejection of generation and gender conflicts', 'Rejection of competition worse than the older generation', 'Relative failure of the rich era', and 'Sadness to live in a predicted climate disaster'. Therefore, the older generation should not look at the MZ generation in general, but as individuals, and should alleviate conflicts with intergenerational understanding and empathy. there is a need for community consideration to solve generational conflicts, gender conflicts, and environmental problems.

A Study on Non-financial Factors Affecting the Insolvency of Social Enterprises (사회적기업의 부실에 영향을 미치는 비재무요인에 관한 연구 )

  • Yong-Chan, Chun;Hyeok, Kim;Dong-Myung, Lee
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.13-27
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    • 2023
  • This study aims to contribute to the reduction of the failure rate and social costs resulting from business failures by analyzing factors that affect the insolvency of social enterprises, as the role of social enterprises is increasing in our economy. The data used in this study were classified as normal and insolvent companies among social enterprises (including prospective social enterprises) that were established between 2009 and 2018 and received credit guarantees from credit guarantee institutions as of the end of June 2022. Among the collected data, 439 social enterprises with available financial information were targeted; 406 (92.5%) were normal enterprises, and 33 (7.5%) were insolvent enterprises. Through a literature review, eight non-financial factors commonly used for insolvency prediction were selected. The cross-analysis results showed that four of these factors were significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that two variables, including corporate credit rating and the personal credit rating of the representative, were significant. Financial factors such as debt ratio, sales operating profit rate, and total asset turnover were used as control variables. The empirical analysis confirmed that the two independent variables maintained their influence even after controlling for financial factors. Given that government-led support and development policies have limitations, there is a need to shift policy direction so that various companies aspiring to create social value can enter the social enterprise sector through private and regional initiatives. This would enable the social economy to create an environment where local residents can collaborate to realize social value, and the government should actively support this.

Determinants of Efficiency of Specialty Construction Companies Using DEA and Tobit Regression Models (DEA와 토빗회귀 모형을 이용한 전문건설기업 효율성 결정요인 분석)

  • Jung, Dae-Woon;Son, Young-Hoon;Kim, Kyung-Rai
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2024
  • This study analyzed the efficiency determinants of specialty construction companies by industry using the DEA model and the Tobit model. The analysis targets are 394 specialty construction companies as of 2022. As a result of analysis of efficiency determinants using 12 company characteristics as independent variables, the biggest problem for specialty construction companies was overall efficiency reduction due to rising labor costs. In addition, in a situation where construction companies' loan regulations are severe, the debt ratio was found to have a positive effect on efficiency. Company size had a different impact by industry, and the number of businesses held, credit score, and total capital turnover had an effect only on some industries. This study presents results that are an advance on existing research in that it strategically analyzes factors for improving the efficiency of specialty construction companies. However, it has limitations such as limiting the analysis to only specialty construction companies subject to external audit, insufficient number of companies subject to analysis by industry, and analyzing relative efficiency in the same category for each industry.

Verification Test of High-Stability SMEs Using Technology Appraisal Items (기술력 평가항목을 이용한 고안정성 중소기업 판별력 검증)

  • Jun-won Lee
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.79-96
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    • 2018
  • This study started by focusing on the internalization of the technology appraisal model into the credit rating model to increase the discriminative power of the credit rating model not only for SMEs but also for all companies, reflecting the items related to the financial stability of the enterprises among the technology appraisal items. Therefore, it is aimed to verify whether the technology appraisal model can be applied to identify high-stability SMEs in advance. We classified companies into industries (manufacturing vs. non-manufacturing) and the age of company (initial vs. non-initial), and defined as a high-stability company that has achieved an average debt ratio less than 1/2 of the group for three years. The C5.0 was applied to verify the discriminant power of the model. As a result of the analysis, there is a difference in importance according to the type of industry and the age of company at the sub-item level, but in the mid-item level the R&D capability was a key variable for discriminating high-stability SMEs. In the early stage of establishment, the funding capacity (diversification of funding methods, capital structure and capital cost which taking into account profitability) is an important variable in financial stability. However, we concluded that technology development infrastructure, which enables continuous performance as the age of company increase, becomes an important variable affecting financial stability. The classification accuracy of the model according to the age of company and industry is 71~91%, and it is confirmed that it is possible to identify high-stability SMEs by using technology appraisal items.

A study on the prediction of korean NPL market return (한국 NPL시장 수익률 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hyeon Su;Jeong, Seung Hwan;Oh, Kyong Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.123-139
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    • 2019
  • The Korean NPL market was formed by the government and foreign capital shortly after the 1997 IMF crisis. However, this market is short-lived, as the bad debt has started to increase after the global financial crisis in 2009 due to the real economic recession. NPL has become a major investment in the market in recent years when the domestic capital market's investment capital began to enter the NPL market in earnest. Although the domestic NPL market has received considerable attention due to the overheating of the NPL market in recent years, research on the NPL market has been abrupt since the history of capital market investment in the domestic NPL market is short. In addition, decision-making through more scientific and systematic analysis is required due to the decline in profitability and the price fluctuation due to the fluctuation of the real estate business. In this study, we propose a prediction model that can determine the achievement of the benchmark yield by using the NPL market related data in accordance with the market demand. In order to build the model, we used Korean NPL data from December 2013 to December 2017 for about 4 years. The total number of things data was 2291. As independent variables, only the variables related to the dependent variable were selected for the 11 variables that indicate the characteristics of the real estate. In order to select the variables, one to one t-test and logistic regression stepwise and decision tree were performed. Seven independent variables (purchase year, SPC (Special Purpose Company), municipality, appraisal value, purchase cost, OPB (Outstanding Principle Balance), HP (Holding Period)). The dependent variable is a bivariate variable that indicates whether the benchmark rate is reached. This is because the accuracy of the model predicting the binomial variables is higher than the model predicting the continuous variables, and the accuracy of these models is directly related to the effectiveness of the model. In addition, in the case of a special purpose company, whether or not to purchase the property is the main concern. Therefore, whether or not to achieve a certain level of return is enough to make a decision. For the dependent variable, we constructed and compared the predictive model by calculating the dependent variable by adjusting the numerical value to ascertain whether 12%, which is the standard rate of return used in the industry, is a meaningful reference value. As a result, it was found that the hit ratio average of the predictive model constructed using the dependent variable calculated by the 12% standard rate of return was the best at 64.60%. In order to propose an optimal prediction model based on the determined dependent variables and 7 independent variables, we construct a prediction model by applying the five methodologies of discriminant analysis, logistic regression analysis, decision tree, artificial neural network, and genetic algorithm linear model we tried to compare them. To do this, 10 sets of training data and testing data were extracted using 10 fold validation method. After building the model using this data, the hit ratio of each set was averaged and the performance was compared. As a result, the hit ratio average of prediction models constructed by using discriminant analysis, logistic regression model, decision tree, artificial neural network, and genetic algorithm linear model were 64.40%, 65.12%, 63.54%, 67.40%, and 60.51%, respectively. It was confirmed that the model using the artificial neural network is the best. Through this study, it is proved that it is effective to utilize 7 independent variables and artificial neural network prediction model in the future NPL market. The proposed model predicts that the 12% return of new things will be achieved beforehand, which will help the special purpose companies make investment decisions. Furthermore, we anticipate that the NPL market will be liquidated as the transaction proceeds at an appropriate price.

The Correlations between Renminbi Fluctuations and Financial Results of Venture Companies in the Floating Exchange Rate (변동환율제도하의 위안화 환율변동과 벤처기업의 재무성과 간 상관관계 연구)

  • Sun, Zhong-Yuan;Chang, Seog-Ju;Na, Seung-Hwa
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.45-67
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    • 2010
  • On July 21st in 2005, People's Bank of China (PBOC) turned the currency peg against the U.S. dollar into managed currency system based on a basket of unnamed currencies under China's exchanged rate regime. This change means that China's enterprises are not free from currency fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between Renminbi fluctuations in the floating exchange rate and financial results of venture companies. The process and outcomes of this study are as follows, First, in order to measure the financial results of venture companies, I choose venture companies in Shandong Province listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) at random and several quarter financial sheets according to safety ratios, profitability ratios, growth ratios, activity ratios. Second, I arrange the daily Renminbi exchange rate data announced from July 21st, 2005 to December 31st, 2008 by PBOC into the quarterly data. Third, in order to confirm the relations between Renminbi fluctuations and financial results of venture companies, I carry out Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has weakly negative effects on debt ratio, total assets turnover ratio and equity turnover ratio in statistics. But the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi is not related to other financial index in statistics. The result of this study is that the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has little influence on the export and import of Chinese venture companies and certifies the fact that Chinese venture companies have much foreign currency assets. In addition to avoid the currency exposure risk, this study shows the effective method about currency exposure risk which adjusts proportion of Renminbi to foreign currency.

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