• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 토석류의 유하부 도달 속도 및 피해 영향범위 등의 흐름 특성을 파악하기 위하여 대변형 3차원 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 대변형 해석은 ABAQUS (Ver 6.13, 2013)의 Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) 기법을 이용하였으며, 실제 토석류 발생 지역의 관측 값과 해석 결과를 비교함으로써 CEL 대변형 해석기법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, CEL 대변형 해석기법은 토석류 거동을 합리적으로 예측 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 토석류의 흐름에 사방댐이 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 추가적인 해석을 수행하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 사방댐에 의해 유하부로 흘러 내려오는 토석류의 속도와 체적의 감소효과를 확인하였고 토석류에 의해 발생하는 충격력을 산정하였다. 이로 인하여 대변형 토석류 해석기법은 기존 사방댐 안정성 평가 및 사방댐 설계에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1583-1600
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• 2015

When natural disasters occur, including earthquakes, tsunamis, and debris flows, they are often accompanied by various types of damages such as the collapse of buildings, broken bridges and roads, and the destruction of natural scenery. Natural disaster detection and warning is an important issue which could help to reduce the incidence of serious damage to life and property as well as provide information for search and rescue afterwards. In this study, we propose a novel computer vision technique for debris flow detection which is feature-based that can be used to construct a debris flow event warning system. The landscape is composed of various elements, including trees, rocks, and buildings which are characterized by their features, shapes, positions, and colors. Unlike the traditional methods, our analysis relies on changes in the natural scenery which influence changes to the features. The "background module" and "monitoring module" procedures are designed and used to detect debris flows and construct an event warning system. The multi-criteria decision-making method used to construct an event warring system includes gradient information and the percentage of variation of the features. To prove the feasibility of the proposed method for detecting debris flows, some real cases of debris flows are analyzed. The natural environment is simulated and an event warning system is constructed to warn of debris flows. Debris flows are successfully detected using these two procedures, by analyzing the variation in the detected features and the matched feature. The feasibility of the event warning system is proven using the simulation method. Therefore, the feature based method is found to be useful for detecting debris flows and the event warning system is triggered when debris flows occur.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1253-1267
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• 2016

After large-scale flooding damage occurred along the Imjin river in 1996, 1998, and 1999, the Hantan river flood control dam was planned, and it has since been under construction. Unlike existing dams in Korea, the Hantan river flood control dam will remain fully open except during high floods, when the dam will store flood water temporarily to reduce flood peaks and flood water volume downstream. During past flooding seasons, floating debris has caused difficulties in the management of large-scale dams. Most of the existing multipurpose dams in Korea have installed nets to collect floating debris based on many years of experience with and data about inflow and distribution of floating debris in the dams. For the Hantan river flood control dam, however, collection of data about inflow and distribution of floating debris is not possible as the dam is located near the border area between North and South Korea. In order to devise a preliminary plan to collect floating debris in the Hantan river flood control dam, an EFDC hydrodynamic model was used to analyze the behavior of floating debris during high floods. The Lagrangian particle tracking method was utilized to simulate the behavior of floating debris in the dam. Based on the analysis of paths and final destinations of the particles, seven collection points were selected where it seemed to be effective to collect floating debris, as debris is likely to accumulate there in high density.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2018

With the increase in frequency of typhoons and heavy rains following the climate change, the scale of damage from the calamities in the mountainous areas has been growing larger and larger, which is different from the past. For the case of Korea where 64% of land is consisted of the mountainous areas, establishment of the check dams has been drastically increased after 2000 in order to reduce the damages from the debris flow. However, due to the lack of data on scale, location and kind of check dams established for reducing the damages in debris flow, the measures to prevent damages based on experience and subjective basis have to be relied on. Under this study, the high-precision DEM data was structured by using the terrestrial LiDAR in the Jecheon area where the debris flow damage occurred in July 2009. And, from the numerical models of the debris flow, Kanako-2D that is available to reflect the erosion and deposition action was applied to install the erosion control facilities (water channel, check dam) and analyzed the effect of reducing the debris flow shown in the downstream.After installing the erosion control facilities, most of debris flow moves along the water channel to reduce the area to expand the debris flow, and after installing the check dam, the flow depth and flux of the debris flow were reduced along with the erosion. However, as a result of analyzing the diffusion area, flow depth, erosion and deposition volume of the debris flow generated from the deposition part after modifying the location of the check dams with the damages occurring on private residences and agricultural land located on the upstream area, the highest reduction effect was shown when the check dam is installed in the maximal discharge points.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2016

토석류는 태풍이나 집중호우 등에 의해 산사태가 일어나 토석이 물과 함께 하류로 밀려 떠내려가는 현상을 의미한다. 특히 우리나라는 지형학적 특성상 전체 국토의 약 70%가 산지로 구성되어 있고 매년 6~8월 집중적으로 태풍이나 집중호우가 발생하여 이 시기에 발생한 산사태 및 대규모 토석류로 인한 인명피해는 전체 재난 사망자의 약 20%에 이르고 있다. 따라서 이러한 토석류의 발생 규모를 예측하기 위한 핵심적인 부분은 복잡한 3차원 지형에서의 토석류 거동, 침식 및 퇴적 메커니즘을 이해하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 평창군의 실제 규모 토석류 실험 전후에 나타난 지형적인 변화 및 변화가 발생한 지역에서의 지형학적 특성 등의 정량적 변화 분석 등을 수행하였으며, 이를 위해 발생 전후의 정량적 변화를 관측할 수 있는 GSD 10cm LiDAR DEM 데이터를 조사에 활용하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 입자완화 유체동역학기법을 이용하여 고속충돌에 의해 생성된 파편 및 파편운의 분산거동을 고찰하였다. 충격구와 표적판은 모두 알루미늄 소재를 대상으로 하였으며 해석을 통해 예측한 파편운의 장축 및 단축의 길이와 참고문헌의 실험값을 비교하여 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 검증된 SPH 기법을 기반으로 1.5~4 km/s의 속도 범위에서 고속충돌 및 파괴 해석을 수행하였으며 이에 따른 파편의 분산 거동을 운동에너지 관점에서 평가하였다. 표적판 뒤에 배치된 관측판상에 분포된 파편의 최대 분산반경은 충돌속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 충돌시 발생하는 파편의 분산 거동을 바탕으로 손상범위 예측을 위한 경험식을 도출하였고, 파편 운동에너지의 95 %는 최대분산반경의 50 % 이내에 집중됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2022

본 연구는 우주 쓰레기를 제거하기 위한 청소 위성(Space debris removal satellite)의 우주 그물(Space-net)을 이용한 우주 쓰레기의 포획 시뮬레이션 연구를 수행하였다. 포획 시뮬레이션은 비선형 구조 동역학 해석 코드인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 수행하였다. 정사각형(1 m × 1 m)의 우주 그물 및 30 kg 질량의 정육면체(0.3 m × 0.3 m × 0.3 m) 형상인 우주 쓰레기를 기본 모델로 설계하였다. 기본 모델에 기반하여 포획 과정을 이해하고 포획 성공 또는 실패에 대한 기준을 정립하기 위하여 ABAQUS를 이용한 포획 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 또한 우주 그물의 다양한 설계 조건을 고려하여 포획 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 우주 쓰레기를 성공적으로 포획하기 위한 우주 그물의 주요 설계 인자를 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.3017-3029
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• 2023

In the late in-vessel phase of a nuclear reactor severe accident, the internal heat transfer and crust evolution during the debris bed melting process have important effects on the thermal load distribution along the vessel wall, and further affect the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure mode and the state of melt during leakage. This study coupled the phase change model and large eddy simulation to investigate the variations of the temperature, melt liquid fraction, crust and heat flux distributions during the debris bed melting process in the hypothetical severe accident of HPR1000. The results indicated that the heat flow towards the vessel wall and upper surface were similar at the beginning stage of debris melting, but the upward heat flow increased significantly as the development of the molten pool. The maximum heat flux towards the vessel wall reached 0.4 MW/m². The thickness of lower crust decreased as the debris melting. It was much thicker at the bottom region with the azimuthal angle below 20° and decreased rapidly at the azimuthal angle around 20-50°. The maximum and minimum thicknesses were 2 and 90 mm, respectively. By contrast, the distribution of upper crust was uniform and reached stable state much earlier than the lower crust, with the thickness of about 10 mm. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of initial condition indicated that as the decrease of time interval from reactor scram to debris bed dried-out, the maximum debris temperature and melt fraction became larger, the lower crust thickness became thinner, but the upper crust had no significant change. The sensitivity analysis of in-vessel retention (IVR) strategies indicated that the passive and active external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) had little effect on the internal heat transfer and crust evolution. In the case not considering the internal reactor vessel cooling (IRVC), the upper crust was not obvious.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 강우로 인한 산사태와 토석류의 거동분석을 위한 연계해석기법이 제안되었다. 산사태 발생 위치 및 체적을 토석류의 초기 발생 위치 및 체적 조건으로 사용하고 강우-침투에 의해 형성된 습윤대에 의해 정의되는 하부 지반의 습윤 조건이 토석류에 의한 연행침식작용 분석에서 고려되어 강우-침투, 산사태, 토석류에 이르는 일련의 과정에 대하여 일관된 해석이 수행될 수 있도록 구성되었다. 본 연계해석기법은 지리정보시스템을 기반으로 광역적 분석이 가능하도록 구성되었다. 본 연계해석기법을 활용한 해석 결과와 기존 연구자들에 의해 보고된 관측 결과를 비교하여 해석기법에 대한 검증 및 적용성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 시간에 따른 토석류 전방 위치 및 토석류의 속도, 체적, 운동량 측면에서 해석과 실험 결과가 서로 유사하게 나타났으며, 복잡한 지형을 갖는 자연사면에 적용한 경우에도 해석결과와 관측 결과가 유사하게 나타나 합리적인 예측결과를 도출하였다. 최종적으로 강우에 의한 산사태-토석류 연계해석 결과를 관측값과 비교한 결과, 산사태 해석은 약 83%의 예측률을 보였으며, 토석류의 최종 체적은 관측값과의 오차가 관측값의 약 3%($871m^3$)로 매우 작게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안된 산사태-토석류 연계해석기법은 기존의 산사태와 토석류 흐름을 분리해서 분석하는 문제를 극복하였으며, 특히 강우에 의한 산사태뿐만 아니라 토석류에 의한 연행침식작용에 대한 강우의 영향을 분석할 수 있다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.809-815
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• 2020

A number of investigations and studies have been conducted in various fields regarding the sediment disasters of Mt. Woomyeon that occurred in July 2011. We collected and compared the topographic information of the general points where debris flows did not occur and the collapse points where the debris flow occurred in order to find out the characteristics of the collapse points in Woomyeon mountain. The collected topographic information is altitude, curvature, slope, aspect and TPI(topographic position index). As a result of comparison, there were relatively many collapse points at an altitude of 210m to 250m, and at a slope of 30° to 40°. In addition, the risk of collapse was low in a cell where the curvature was close to 0, and the risk was higher in concave terrain than in convex terrain. In the case of TPI, there was no statistical difference between the general points and the collapse points when the analysis radius was larger than 200m, and there was a correlation with the curvature when the analysis radius was smaller than 50m. In the case of debris flows that are affected by artificial structures or facilities, there is a possibility of disturbing the topographic analysis results. Therefore, if a research on debris flow is conducted on a mountain area that is heavily exposed to human activities, such as Woomyeon mountain, diversified factors must be considered to account for this impact.