• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2008

The study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of feed additives on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and performance of lambs fed diets containing 60% wet brewers grains (WBG). In Experiment 1, two simultaneous trials were conducted. Fifty intact ($20.2{\pm}0.8kg\;BW$) lambs were used in a feedlot trial and 10 (rumen cannulated; $32{\pm}1kg\;BW$) in a digestion trial. The pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N in lambs were also estimated. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of five diets: i) without additives (Con), ii) with 1% bicarbonate (Bic), iii) with 1% bentonite (Ben), iv) with 33 mg/kg monensin (Mon) and v) with 200 mg/kg fibrolityc enzymes (Enz). In Experiment 2, 120 RambouilletPelibuey intact male lambs ($19.5{\pm}1.5kg\;BW$) were used in a feedlot trial and randomly assigned to four diets: i) without additives (control), ii) with 1% Bic, iii) with 33 mg/kg Mon and iv) with 1% Bic and 33 mg/kg Mon. In Experiment 1, lambs fed diets containing Bic or Mon had significantly higher final weight, DMI, ADG than other lambs. However, apparent DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities and ruminal individual VFA content were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Conversely, treatmentcollection period interaction was significant for ruminal pH and NH3. In Experiment 2, lambs fed diets containing a Bic and Mon combination had significantly higher final weight, DMI and ADG. It is concluded lambs fed Bic or Mon or Bic and Mon combination had better performance characteristics than lambs on Ben or Enz.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2019

All Idiomarina species are isolated from saline environments; microorganisms in such extreme habitats develop metabolic adaptations and can produce compounds such as proteases with an industrial potential. ARDRA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing are established methods for performing phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic identification. However, 16S-23S ITS is more variable than the 16S rRNA gene within a genus, and is therefore, used as a marker to achieve a more precise identification. In this study, ten protease producing Idiomarina strains isolated from the Peruvian salterns were characterized using biochemical and molecular methods to determine their bacterial diversity and industrial potential. In addition, comparison between the length and nucleotide sequences of a 16S-23S ITS region allowed us to assess the inter and intraspecies variability. Based on the 16S rRNA gene, two species of Idiomarina were identified (I. zobellii and I. fontislapidosi). However, biochemical tests revealed that there were differences between the strains of the same species. Moreover, it was found that the ITS contains two tRNA genes, $tRNA^{Ile(GAT)}$ and $tRNA^{Ala(TGC)}$, which are separated by an ISR of a variable size between strains of I. zobellii. In one strain of I. zobellii (PM21), we found nonconserved nucleotides that were previously not reported in the $tRNA^{Ala}$ gene sequences of Idiomarina spp. Thus, based on the biochemical and molecular characteristics, we can conclude that protease producing Idiomarina strains have industrial potential; only two I. zobellii strains (PM48 and PM72) exhibited the same properties. The differences between the other strains could be explained by the presence of subspecies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1108-1117
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• 2003

In Guadeloupe small ruminants (SR) are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotational grazing systems (irrigated, fertilised and high stocked) allow reasonable levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control them. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (Residuals Remained, RR). The same design was carried out for two years with Creole goat (G) and Martinik sheep (S). An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year(dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats ($36.0{\pm}2.5kg$) or 20 ewes ($46.8{\pm}2.4kg$). The female body traits did not vary according to pasture management and seasons. The stocking rate averaged 1,400 kg LW/ha. The mean fertility rate for does varied significantly (p<0.05) within the kidding season, from $80.4{\pm}0.5%$ to $93.7{\pm}2.9%$ while the mean litter size was $2.30{\pm}0.07$ total kids born. No effect of pasture system was observed. Corresponding values for ewes were $83.2{\pm}12.8%$ vs. $75.6{\pm}12.5%$ (p<0.05) and $2.43{\pm}0.24$ vs. $2.03{\pm}0.29$ (p<0.01) total lambs born for SRM and SRR ewes, respectively. A seasonal effect was observed upon ewe performances. The preweaning mortality of kids and lambs averaged 16.3% and 14.4%, respectively. It was 7 and 9 percentage points more (p<0.01) for RR than for RM kids and lambs, respectively. For both species, weaning took place at an average age of $81.4{\pm}3.6days$. In Creole kids, live weight at birth and at weaning were $1.9{\pm}0.2kg$ and $8.9{\pm}0.8kg$, respectively. In the Martinik sheep, the traits averaged $2.9{\pm}0.2kg$ and $18.9{\pm}0.9kg$. For both traits in both species, significant (p<0.05) group${\times}$season interactions were recorded. The consequences of elimination of post-grazing residues varied according to the SR species, the environmental conditions and the animal physiological status. The forage characteristics were not limiting factors since forage availability in the RM systems (2,300 and 2,600 kg DM/ha, respectively) and chemical composition were at satisfactory levels (CP content averaged 12 and 10%). It is recommended to develop new grazing system which would allow the use of post-grazing residues instead of mowing the refusals.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.64-65
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• 2015

본 연구는 PM과 SOx를 효과적으로 저감 시킬 수 있는 Water- Scrubber와 오염물과 세정수의 분리가 가능한 Purifier를 이용한 새로운 순환식 배기가스 세정시스템의 개발하여 PM, PAH 제거효율을 산정한 결과, PM과 PAH모두 유입 수 대비 99%이상 처리되는 것을 확인하였으며, 수질인자도 재사용이 가능한 유입수의 수준으로 분석되었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제24권
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• pp.18-27
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• 2017

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with two different (L/D) aspect ratios ($7{\pm}2{\mu}m/140{\pm}30nm$ and $0.5-2{\mu}m/8-15nm$) were surface treated using nitric acid ($HNO_3$) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) prior to their deposition on carbon fibers (CF). Before the hierarchical reinforcement with CF-MWCNT, the CFs were treated with 3-glycidoxypropyltrime-thoxysilane, a coupling agent (Z6040) and with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) a dendrimer containing an ethylenediamine core and amine surface groups. The MWCNT were deposited on the CF using two methods, by electrostatic attraction and by chemical reactions. The changes in the CF surface morphology after the MWCNT deposition were analyzed using SEM, which revealed a higher density and uniform coverage for the PAMAM-treated CF and the short MWCNTs. The interfacial adhesion of the composite materials was evaluated using the single fiber fragmentation technique. The results indicated an improvement in the interfacial shear strength with the addition of the short-MWCNTs treated with acid solutions and grafted onto the surface of the CF fiber using electrostatic attraction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.292-300
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• 2012

We report the expression, purification, and characterization of L-asparaginase (AnsA) from Rhizobium etli. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity in a single-step procedure involving affinity chromatography, and the kinetic parameters $K_m$, $V_{max}$, and $k_{cat}$ for L-asparagine were determined. The enzymatic activity in the presence of a number of substrates and metal ions was investigated. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 47 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed a maximal activity at $50^{\circ}C$, but the optimal temperature of activity was $37^{\circ}C$. It also showed maximal and optimal activities at pH 9.0. The values of $K_m$, $V_{max}$, $k_{cat}$, and $k_{cat}/K_m$ were $8.9{\pm}0.967{\times}10^{-3}$ M, $128{\pm}2.8$ U/mg protein, $106{\pm}2s^{-1}$, and $1.2{\pm}0.105{\times}10^4M^{-1}s^{-1}$, respectively. The L-asparaginase activity was reduced in the presence of $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ metal ions for about 52% to 31%. In addition, we found that $NH_4{^+}$, L-Asp, D-Asn, and ${\beta}$-aspartyl-hydroxamate in the reaction buffer reduced the activity of the enzyme, whereas L-Gln did not modify its enzymatic activity. This is the first report on the expression and characterization of the L-asparaginase (AnsA) from R. etli. Phylogenetic analysis of asparaginases reveals an increasing group of known sequences of the Rhizobial-type asparaginase II family.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2008

Computer methods with simplified mathematical models in conjunction with empirical model parameters can be efficiently practiced into an optimization of a diesel aftertreatment system. Components of prime interests are diesel particulate filter, diesel oxidation catalyst and de-$NO_x$ catalytic converter. de-$NO_x$, de-PM, and de-HC processes in each part are individually modeled, formulated and then combined into an integrated analysis procedure for a unified simulation of the diesel emission aftertreatment. The model is empirically tuned and validated with comprehensive engine and laboratory data. The effects of emission species and space velocity on the $NO_x$ and soot reductions are parametrically investigated. A lowered $NO_2/NO_x$ ratio due to PM oxidation in DPF contributes to promote the $NO_x$ reduction by SCR at intermediate gas temperatures. $NO_x$ reduction is inert to the PM oxidation at high temperatures. Rate of PM trapping strongly depends on temperature and $NO_x$ concentration.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.341-349
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• 1998

STZ-당뇨 흰쥐에서 규칙적인 treadmill운동이 당 및 지질대사와 골격근 제 4 형 당수송체에 미치는 영향을 연구한 본 논문의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 규칙적인 운동시작시와 4주간 운동후의 체중증가는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 정상군의 72%수준으로 증가의 정도가 작았으나 운동에 의하여 정상군의 92% 수준으로 회복되었다. 혈장 포도당(mg/dl)은 정상군의 $103{\pm}6.4$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 $143{\pm}3.1$로 증가하였으나 운동에 의하여 $115{\pm}2.9$로 낮아졌다. 혈장 인슐린(${\mu}U/ml$)은 정상군의 $19{\pm}4.9$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군 및 당뇨-운동군에서 각각 $8{\pm}2.0$과 $9{\pm}2.1$로 낮았다. 혈장 유리지방산(${\mu}Eq/l$)은 정상군의 $469{\pm}33.6$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군 및 당뇨-운동군은 각각 $491{\pm}69.5$와 $398{\pm}91.8$로 각군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈장 중성지방(mg/dl)은 대조군의 $42{\pm}4.1$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 $58{\pm}7.2$로 높았으며 당뇨-운동군은 $47{\pm}5.4$로 운동에 의하여 개선되는 양상을 보였다. 혈장 총콜레스테롤(mg/dl)은 정상군의 $54{\pm}3.9$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 $64{\pm}5.2$로 다소 높았으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나 운동에 의하여 $43{\pm}3.2$로 정상군보다 오히려 감소하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤(mg/dl)은 정상군의 $22{\pm}0.8$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군 및 당뇨-운동군은 각각 $23{\pm}1.9$ 및 $24{\pm}1.3$으로 차이가 없었다. 골격근 당원 (mg/gm wet weight)은 족척근에서 정상군의 $3.2{\pm}0.46$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 $2.6{\pm}0.39$(정상군의 81%), 당뇨-운동군은 $2.4{\pm}0.47$(정상군의 75%)로 각각 낮았다. 체중에 대한 가자미근 무게 비 (x $10^{-4}$)는 정상군의 $4.58{\pm}0.259$에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 $4.22{\pm}0.301$(정상군의 92%)로 낮았으나 당뇨-운동군은 $5.06{\pm}0.153$(정상군의 110%)으로 정상군보다도 오히려 높았다. 골격근 제 4 형 당수송체 단백은 가자미근에서 정상군에 비하여 당뇨-대조군에서 낮았으나 운동에 의하여 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 규칙적인 트레드밀 운동은 당뇨유도에 의해 악화된 혈장 포도당과 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤을 개선시키는 작용을 가지며 혈장 포도당 개선 기전의 하나로서 운동이 당뇨유도에 의해 감소된 골격근 당수송체의 양을 증가시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.1200-1205
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 최근 연구 결과들에 기초하여 발효성 당류인 FODMAP(fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols)이 설사와 높은 상관성을 가지고 있을 것이라 판단하였다. 따라서 상업용 메디컬푸드와 탄수화물 급원으로부터 FODMAP 함량을 측정하였다. 상업용 메디컬푸드의 단당류(fructose)와 이당류(lactose)의 함량 범위는 각각 ND~0.158, ND~0.304 g/200 mL였다. 삼당류(raffinose)와 사당류(stachyose)의 함량 범위는 각각 0.051~0.738, ND~0.579 g/200 mL였다. 또한 프럭토올리고당의 함량 범위는 1-kestose ND~0.413 g/200 mL, nystose ND~1.239 g/200 mL, 1-fructofuranosylnystose 0.205~0.458 g/200 mL였다. 탄수화물 급원 중 단당류(fructose)는 치커리 식이섬유($18.877{\pm}4.320g/kg$)에서만 검출되었으며, 이당류(lactose)는 모든 급원에서 검출되지 않았다. 삼당류(raffinose)의 함량은 치커리 식이섬유 $61.523{\pm}3.014g/kg$, 대두 식이섬유 $3.273{\pm}0.499g/kg$, 난소화성 말토덱스트린 $5.430{\pm}0.671g/kg$, 말토덱스트린(DE10~15, DE15~20)에서는 검출되지 않았다. 사당류(stachyose)의 함량은 치커리 식이섬유 $78.817{\pm}5.483g/kg$, 대두 식이섬유 $5.547{\pm}0.822g/kg$, 난소화성 말토덱스트린 $13.180{\pm}1.165g/kg$, 말토덱스트린(DE10~15) $16.440{\pm}0.370g/kg$, 말토덱스트린(DE15~20) $22.553{\pm}1.491g/kg$이었다. 프럭토올리고당(1-kestose, nystose, 1-fructofuranosylnystose)의 함량은 치커리 식이섬유 $29.369{\pm}2.553g/kg$, $39.430{\pm}6.740g/kg$, $50.407{\pm}2.642g/kg$, 대두 식이섬유 ND, ND, $18.647{\pm}0.397g/kg$, 난소화성 말토덱스트린 ND, $16.667{\pm}1.719g/kg$, $17.107{\pm}1.814g/kg$, 말토덱스트린 (DE10~15) ND, ND, $16.533{\pm}2.083g/kg$, 말토덱스트린 (DE15~20) ND, ND, $27.490{\pm}1.783g/kg$이었다. FODMAP은 탄수화물의 일종으로 메디컬푸드 제품의 탄수화물과 FODMAP 함량 간에 양의 상관관계를 가질 것으로 예상하였으나 r=0.55로 밀접한 상관성을 나타내지는 않았다. 국내외 메디컬푸드는 모두 유사한 원재료와 영양설계로 구성되어 있으나 사용되는 원재료의 종류에 따라 유래되는 FODMAP 함량이 다르기 때문에 제품 간의 함량 차이가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서 측정된 상업용 메디컬푸드 제품 및 탄수화물 급원의 FODMAP 함량 분석은 상대적으로 부족한 FODMAP 정량 분석 연구에 활용될 것으로 생각되며, 나아가 경관급식의 주요 부적응증인 설사를 최소화하는 메디컬푸드의 제품개발 및 원재료 선정에 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.647-659
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• 2010

This paper presents a part of North Africa/Europe collaboration results in education to develop project-oriented courses in power electronics and motor drive field. The course aims to teach Permanent Magnet motor drives close to a real world project of significant size and depth so as to be motivational, namely mobile robot project. Particular skills, student will acquire, are those relative to the detailed design and implementation of PM motor controllers in DSP based rapid prototyping environment. Simulation work is completed using graphical modeling tools in Simulink/Plecs, while real-time implementation is achieved by means of eZdspF2812 board and Simulink/TI C2000 Embedded Target tools. This flexible development environment fit the robot traction system very well and provides exactly the functionality necessary for an efficient PM motor drives teaching as demonstrated by a set of simulation and experiments.