• BMB Reports
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2021

EGR1 (early growth response 1) is dysregulated in many cancers and exhibits both tumor suppressor and promoter activities, making it an appealing target for cancer therapy. Here, we used a systematic multi-omics analysis to review the expression of EGR1 and its role in regulating clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC). EGR1 expression, its promoter methylation, and protein expression pattern were assessed using various publicly available tools. COSMIC-based somatic mutations and cBioPortal-based copy number alterations were analyzed, and the prognostic roles of EGR1 in BC were determined using Prognoscan and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. We also used bc-GenEx-Miner to investigate the EGR1 co-expression profile. EGR1 was more often downregulated in BC tissues than in normal breast tissue, and its knockdown was positively correlated with poor survival. Low EGR1 expression levels were also associated with increased risk of ER+, PR+, and HER2- BCs. High positive correlations were observed among EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN mRNA expression in BC tissue. This systematic review suggested that EGR1 expression may serve as a prognostic marker for BC patients and that clinicopathological parameters influence its prognostic utility. In addition to EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN can jointly be considered prognostic indicators for BC.

• 생약학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

Fine dust has emerged as seriously hazardrous particles, which can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we have developed a natural complex extract consisted of Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Trautv., Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer in the ratio of 3 : 5 : 2, which have a beneficial effect on respiratory system. In this study, simultaneous quantitative analysis of marker compounds, lobetyolin, platycodin D, and glycyrrhizic acid in the natural complex extract was developed and validated with high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. The marker compounds were shown in a large linearity with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 1.000. The limit of detection (LOD) of lobetyolin, platycodin D and glycyrrhizic acid were 5.40 ㎍/mL, 3.94 ㎍/mL and 5.86 ㎍/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of lobetyolin, platycodin D and glycyrrhizic acid were 16.36 ㎍/mL, 11.94 ㎍/mL and 17.75 ㎍/mL, respectively. The content analysis revealed that the amounts of lobetyolin, platycodin D, and glycyrrhizic acid were 0.039±0.013 mg/g, 0.337±0.048 mg/g, and 1.171±0.003 mg/g, respectively, in the natural complex extract. Therefore, these results could be used as basic data for the standardization and quality control of the natural complex extract.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.1065-1068
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• 1998

On the study, The activated carbon assemblies(ACA) were prepared by activation of the coated glass mate(woven type) with phenolic resin at $700^{\circ}C$ under $N_2$ after drying and curing processes. Surface of the ACA was continuously modified with $N_2$, $CO_2$ or $NH_3$ at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour for comparison of adsorptive characteristics between the ACA and commercial activated carbon cloth. The ACA showed high surface areas up to $2440\;m^2/g$ when converted into the coated carbon base, and the surface was investigated by FT-IR and XPS. The basic ACA modified with $NH_3$ displayed the efficient removal capability of $SO_2$, which is 75% of that in commercial activated carbon cloth. Therefore, it has proved the applicability of ACA as an inexpensive materials for Dry de-SOX system.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2013

Taking into account the increasingly stringent legislation on emissions from marine engines, this work aims to analyze several internal engine modifications to reduce $NO_x$ (nitrogen oxides) and other pollutants. To this end, a numerical model was employed to simulate the operation cycle and characterize the exhaust gas composition. After a preliminary validation process was carried out using experimental data from a four-stroke, medium-speed marine engine, the numerical model was employed to study the influence of several internal modifications, such as water addition from 0 to 100% water to fuel ratios, exhaust gas recirculation from 0 to 100% EGR rates, modification of the overlap timing from 60 to $120^{\circ}$, modification of the intake valve closing from 510 to $570^{\circ}$, and modification of the cooling water temperature from 70 to $90^{\circ}C$. $NO_x$ was reduced by nearly 100%. As expected, it was found that, by lowering the combustion temperature, there is a notable reduction in $NO_x$, but an increase in CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbons) and consumption.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 1986

The effect of composition size of sintered body and electrode on resonant characteristics of the system $Pb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3 PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3$ has been decribed. Composition ranged from X=40 to X=55 diameter of sintered body ranged from D=6.5 to D=12.5(mm) and diameter of electrode ranged from De=5.5 to De=11 (mm) In the composition of morphotropic phase boundary antiresonant frequency (fa) dcreased slowly whereas resonant frequency (fr) decreased rapidly on the ground of this Δf(fa-fr) and electromechanical coupling fractor Kp increased and Qm showed low value. On the contrary in toward the composition of tetragonal and rhombo-hedral fa increased slowly whereas fr increased rapidly on the ground of this Δf and Kp decreased and Qm increased abruptly. Substance of the above statements have no concern with size of sintered body and ele-ctrode. The other side as the size of electrode decreased Qm fr, fa and Δf increased. Cm and Co dominantly affect the resonant frequency and antiresonant frequency.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

Effect of ethene on the $DeNO_X$ conversion process in a simulated diesel engine operating conditions was investigated experimentally and theoretically. With the addition of even a small amount of ethene the NO to $NO_2$ conversion enhances greatly. The energy required to convert one NO molecule is 27 eV with 250 ppm ethene added, while 137 eV without ethene at 473 K. The effect of energy density, temperature, and the initial concentrations of ethene and oxygen are also discussed and the results show that the increase of the mentioned parameters lead to the promotion of NO oxidation. A kinetic model used in this study shows good agreement with the experimental result. Byproducts like formaldehyde ($CH_2$ 0) and methyl nitrite ($CH_3$ ONO) predicted by model calculation are broken up into CO and $H_2O$ eventually when high energy is delivered to the gas mixture. Sensitivity analysis shows that the main reactions of NO oxidation when ethene is added we: $HO_2+ NO \arrow NO_2 + OH, RO_2 + NO \arrow NO_2 + RO$, where R is a hydrocarbon radical. Also the direct oxidizing reaction of NO with O cannot be neglected.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2011

Active regeneration in CDPF requires $O_2$ which regenerates soot at high temperature. However, small amount of NO can interrupt $O_2$ regeneration in CDPF. To verify this phenomena, soot oxidation experiments using a flow reactor with a $Pr/CeO_2$ catalyst are carried out to simulate Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) phenomena. Catalytic soot oxidation with and without small amount of NO is conducted under tight contact condition. As the heating rate rises, the temperature gap of maximum reaction rate is increased between with and without 50ppm NO. To accelerate the $NO_2$ de-coupling effect, CTO process is performed to eliminate interfacial contact for that time. As CTO process is extended, temperature which indicates peak reaction rate increases. From this result, it is found that small amount of NO can affect tight contact soot oxidation by removal of interfacial contact between soot and catalyst.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

The catalytic filter of Cu-ZSM5/alumina beads was considered to reduce NOx in the urea SCR system. Catalytic support of porous alumina beads with mean pore size $130{\mu}m$ and porosity $75{\sim}83%$ were prepared using foaming and gel-casting method. The Cu-ZSM5 catalysts were coated on the supporting alumina beads using $Cu(NO_3)_2$ by ion exchange method. After a washcoating process was applied to coat 10w% Cu-ZSM5 on porous alumina bead, coating layer was estimated $20{\mu}m$ in thickness. The characterization and the feasibility as a catalytic supports were investigated. And the NOx conversion test in Cu-ZSM5/Alumina Beads filter system was conducted by using Urea as reductants under laboratory test. The NOx conversion was increased as size and porosity of beads and observed more than 95% excellent NOx conversion above $300^{\circ}C$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1180-1185
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 T-접합선로의 집중소자 등가회로를 고려한 저역통과 여파기를 제안하였다. 일반적인 저역통과 여파기 설계 시 발생하는 T-접합선로의 특성에 따른 주파수 변이 특성을 해결하기 위해 T-접합선로 등가회로의 소자 값을 구하는 수식을 유도 하였다. 또한, 전자장 시뮬레이터(HFSS)를 이용하여 T-접합선로를 디임베딩하였다. 이로써 선로의 임피던스 허수값들이 일치되게 하여 T-접합선로 등가회로에서 집중소자의 정확한 값을 구하였다. 그리고 이 값들을 이용하여 저역통과 여파기를 설계한 결과, 집중소자 여파기의 주파수 특성과 분포소자 여파기의 주파수 특성이 매우 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.717-720
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• 1998

On the study, The activated carbon assemblies(ACA) were prepared by activation of the coated glass mat(woven type) with phenolic resin at $700^{\circ}C$ under $N_2$ after drying and curing processes. Surface of the ACA was continuously modified with $N_2$, $CO_2$ or $NH_3$ at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour for comparison of adsorptive characteristics between the ACA and commercial activated carbon cloth. The ACA showed high surface areas up to $2440\;m^2/g$ when converted into the coated carbon base, and the surface was investigated by FT-IR and XPS. The basic ACA modified with $NH_3$ displayed the efficient removal capability of $SO_2$, which is 75% of that in commercial activated carbon cloth. Therefore, it has proved the applicability of ACA as an inexpensive materials for Dry de-SOX system.