• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.525-530
• /
• 2015

Ceramide is the most abundant lipid in the epidermis and plays a critical role in maintaining epidermal barrier function. Overall ceramide content in keratinocyte increases in parallel with differentiation, which is initiated by supplementation of calcium and/or vitamin C. However, the role of metabolic enzymes responsible for ceramide generation in response to vitamin C is still unclear. Here, we investigated whether vitamin C alters epidermal ceramide content by regulating the expression and/or activity of its metabolic enzymes. When human keratinocytes were grown in 1.2 mM calcium with vitamin C ($50{\mu}g/ml$) for 11 days, bulk ceramide content significantly increased in conjunction with terminal differentiation of keratinocytes as compared to vehicle controls (1.2 mM calcium alone). Synthesis of the ceramide fractions was enhanced by increased de novo ceramide synthesis pathway via serine palmitoyltransferase and ceramide synthase activations. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) hydrolysis pathway by action of S1P phosphatase was also stimulated by vitamin C supplementation, contributing, in part, to enhanced ceramide production. However, activity of sphingomyelinase, a hydrolase enzyme that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide, remained unaltered. Taken together, we demonstrate that vitamin C stimulates ceramide production in keratinocytes by modulating ceramide metabolicrelated enzymes, and as a result, could improve overall epidermal barrier function.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.10 no.2 s.23
• /
• pp.5-18
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to obtain an objective differentiating method for various types of Panax ginseng: ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng which are distinctive according to their growing environment. Methods : The roots, stem, and leaves of several types of ginseng were collected and comparative analysis of proteome was conducted on each part using 2-DE and the results examined. Results : 1. Proteome images of the respective parts within the samples showed spot-matching in most cases, suggesting that they are genetically identical panax ginseng. 2. Similar distribution patters were seen within the different parts of the Panax ginseng: ginseng, Chinese cultivated wild ginseng, and the 5 and 10 years old Korean cultivated wild ginseng. 3. For a quantitative evaluation of spots showing differences among the samples, 102 spots from the roots, 109 spots from the stems, and 132 spots form the leaves which showed a difference were selected and centrifugal identification was conducted. 4. Peculiar proteins from each respective part of the Panax ginseng were identified and the top 20 spots with significant differences were selected and analyzed in order to provide a differentiation rate among the samples. The accuracy rate ranged between 23.0-38.8%. 5. Differentiation rate of the top 10 spots with significant differences showed a 50-85% accuracy rate, and the differentiation rate was especially high for the stem of Chinese cultivated wild ginseng and Korean cultivated wild ginseng.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.286-291
• /
• 2002

Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the common complications in stroke patients. As it has negative effect on the recovery of stroke, it should be cured out immediately. But antibiotics might cause some adverse reactions such as diarrhea, eruption, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. so there have been several reports about treating urinary tract infection with Traditional Korean Medication. We treated a 54-year-old male patient with cerebral hemorrhage, who had had neurogenic bladder after stroke and had been urinated by intermittent catheterization. About 10 days later, he could void by himself without catheter, but showing the symptoms of UTI; Voiding pain, hematuria and yellowish pus. The pus culture grew Staphylococcus spp., which was resistant to most of antibiotics except vancomycin and teicoplanin. Based on accompanying symptoms of intermittent dizziness, headache, insomnia, nocturnal sweating, weak pulse, red tongue and urinary problem, we differentiated him as the deficiency of Yin of the Kidney[腎陰虛] and treated with Gagamyookmijihwang-tang (Jia-Jian-Liu-Wei-De- Huang-Tang), which improved his urinary symptoms and other general conditions without any side effect. In next follow-up culture, there was no pathogen. We conclude that Traditional Korean Medicine based on differentiation is useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1978

In de novo biosynthesis of the extracellulor enzymes-proteinsaes, alpha and gluc-amylases during the synchronized differentiation of Aspergillus niger in submerged culture and surface liquid culture were investigated. Gluc-amylase was synthesized in the stage of presporulation in which phialide formation is involved. Proteinase was synthesized both in the stages of conidiophore formation and presporulation. Alpha-amylase was synthesized during presporulation and sporulation stages, the activity of enzyme lasted for seven days on surface liquid culture. It seemed that the synthesis was occured in de novo partly repressed by the catabolite, and its nature was found to be constitutive since it is produced in non-starch medium. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have shown that presporulating and sporulating body produced diverse types of the proteins whereas the earlier stages of vegetative body showed simpler profiles. The uptake of C-14 uracil into RNA and C-14 glutamate into protein were shown to be vigorous in presporulating body rather than those in sporulating body. Coincidence of alpha-amylase biosynthesis in de novo and sporulation may be significant in the study of differentiation in which gene expression is involved.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.60 no.12
• /
• pp.32.1-32.10
• /
• 2018

Background: Necdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma antigen family showing imprinted pattern of expression, has been implicated as causing Prader-Willi symptoms, and known to participate in cellular growth, cellular migration and differentiation. The region where NDN is located has been associated to QTLs affecting reproduction and early growth in cattle, but location and functional analysis of the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Methods: Here we report the sequence variation of the entire coding sequence from 72 samples of cattle, yak, buffalo, goat and sheep, and discuss its variation in Bovidae. Median-joining network analysis was used to analyze the variation found in the species. Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates were determined for the analysis of all the polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis were carried out among the species of Bovidae to reconstruct their relationships. Results: From the phylogenetic analysis with the consensus sequences of the studied Bovidae species, we found that only 11 of the 26 nucleotide changes that differentiate them produced amino acid changes. All the SNPs found in the cattle breeds were novel and showed similar percentages of nucleotides with non-synonymous substitutions at the N-terminal, MHD and C-terminal (12.3, 12.8 and 12.5%, respectively), and were much higher than the percentage of synonymous substitutions (2.5, 2.6 and 4.9%, respectively). Three mutations in cattle and one in sheep, detected in heterozygous individuals were predicted to be deleterious. Additionally, the analysis of the biochemical characteristics in the most common form of the proteins in each species show very little difference in molecular weight, pI, net charge, instability index, aliphatic index and GRAVY (Table 4) in the Bovidae species, except for sheep, which had a higher molecular weight, instability index and GRAVY. Conclusions: There is sufficient variation in this gene within and among the studied species, and because NDN carry key functions in the organism, it can have effects in economically important traits in the production of these species. NDN sequence is phylogenetically informative in this group, thus we propose this gene as a phylogenetic marker to study the evolution and conservation in Bovidae.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 1997

Through the theoretical study on Sa-sang constitutional medicine from a evolutionary point of view, the result was obtained as follows. 1. The system of Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) in Sa-sang constitutional medicine is similar to the theory of evolution of Teilhard de Chardin. 2. The concept of Yin and Yang in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be set up by the demand and necessity in the progress of evolution and the time of the differentiation of functions. 3. The Sung-Jung(性情) of each Sa-sang constitution can be explained as the strategy and form for survival. 4. The theory of physiology, pathology and therapy in Sa-sang constitutional medicine can be hypothesized by the evolutionary standards which are related with the thermo-metabolism and hematopoietic-immune system.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2012

The meteorological events that cause most strong winds in Brazil are extra-tropical cyclones, downbursts and tornadoes. However, one hurricane formed off the coastline of southern Brazil in 2005, a tropical storm formed in 2010 and there are predictions that others may form again. Events such as those described in the paper and which have occurred before 1987, generate data for the wind map presented in the Brazilian wind loading code NBR-6123. This wind map presents the reference wind speeds based on 3-second gust wind speed at 10 m height in open terrain, with 50-year return period, varying from 30 m/s (north half of country) to 50 m/s (extreme south). There is not a separation of the type of climatological event which generated each registered velocity. Therefore, a thunderstorm (TS), an extra-tropical pressure system (EPS) or even a tropical cyclone (TC) are treated the same and its resulting velocities absorbed without differentiation. Since the flow fields generated by each type of meteorological event may be distinct, the indiscriminate combination of the highest wind velocities with aerodynamic coefficients from boundary layer wind tunnels may lead to erroneous loading in buildings.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.213.1-213.1
• /
• 2003

Sphingolipids and their metabolites are highly bioactive molecules that affect various cellular functions including differentiation, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and proliferation when added exogenously, or elevated intracellularly by turnover of complex sphingolipids or synthesis from de novo pathway. We are investigating the relationship of sphingolipids cycle in apoptosis early events. A new column liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in combination with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed for the rapid, simultaneous and quantitative determination of unambiguous detecting sphingolipids in cells. (omitted)

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.359-372
• /
• 2003

Among objectives of periodontal therapy. the principal one is the morphological and functional reconstruction of lost periodontal supporting tissues. This includes de novo formation of connective tissue attachment and the regrowth of alveolar bone. The use of enamel matrix derivative(EMD) may be a suitable means of regeneration new periodontal attachment in the infrabony defects. Implant used to replace lost tooth but, implantitis occurred after installation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EMD on differentiation and growth of osteoblast in titanium disc. Twentyfive millimeter diameter and 1mm thick Ti disc which was coated 25, 50, 100, 200${\mu}g$/ml of EMD(Emdogain(R)) used as experimental group, 25, 50, 100, 200ng/d of rhBMP-2 as positive control group, and no coat as negative control group. A human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 was cultured in Ti disc and cell proliferation and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured at 1 and 6 days. PCR was performed at 2 and 8 hours. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA expressions of various osteoblastic differentiation markers -type I collagen, ALP, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein - were performed at appropriate concentrations based upon the results of MTT and ALP assay. Cultured cell-disc complexes were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 2 hour. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and repeated- measures 1-way analysis of variance(SPSS software version 10,SPSS. Chicago. IL). After culture, there was more osteoblast in EMD100${\mu}g$/ml than in EMD50, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. There was significant difference in experimental and positive control group compared control group, as times go by(1 and 6 days). Alkaline phosphatase activity was different significantly in EMD100, 200${\mu}g$/ml and BMP100, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that expression of mRNA for ALPase, collagen type I, osteopontin. hone sialoprotein and BMP-2 was detected at 2 hour and 8 hour in EMI 200${\mu}g$/ml subgroup and BMP100ng/ml subgroup. The results of this study suggest that application of enamel matrix derivative on osteoblast attached to titanium surface facilitate the expression of bone specific protein and the differentiation and growth of osteoblast.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.4-9
• /
• 2001

Purpose: The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) has a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or ethanol. In addition, a TFF1 knockout mouse model has exhibited circumferential adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, of which $30\%$ progressed into frankly invasive carcinomas. We tried to determine whether the expression pattern of the TFF1 could be involved in the development of sporadic gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We examined TFF1 expression in a series of 43 sporadic gastric carcinomas and 18 gastric adenomas by immunohistochemistry. Results: Strong positive TFF1 staining was identified primarily in the normal gastric mucosa, mainly in the cytoplasm of the superficial and foveolar epithelium. We found TFF1 expression in $55.8\%$ (24 out of 43) of the gastric carcinomas and in $16.7\%$ (3 out of 18) of the gastric adenomas. Statistically, TFF1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse-type ($82.4\%$) than in intestinal-type ($38.5\%$) carcinomas(p=0.0058, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: Our findings provide sufficient evidence that the expression of TFF1 in gastric cancer may simply disclose gastric-type differentiation of neoplastic cells and provide further support for the existence of at least two pathways of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa: one via intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous dysplasia, leading to glandular carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, and the other via hyperplastic changes or de novo changes, leading to diffuse carcinomas and to a subset of glandular carcinomas displaying gastric-type differentiation.