• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2001

Insomnia is a disorder of initiaton and maintenance of sleep that results in daytime sleepiness and dysfunction, and arises from multiple psychological, physiologic and environmental factors. A number of stroke patients suffer from insomnia classified as one of the sleep disorders associated with physical illness and on the contrary insomnia may have profound deleterious effects on the natural course of stroke. We experiened three cases of stroke patients with insomnia. In the point of Differentiation of Syndromes, these subjects were diagnosed as Excessive heat-fire syndrome of stroke and were administrated with Hwangyeonhaedog-tang Gamibang. After treatment, both sleep patterns and other accompanied symptoms improved.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1995

A 24-year-old woman complained of recurrent episodes of hypersomnia lasting on the average about 15 days with mild mood alternation such as depression and irritability. During interepisode interval, she was free of any symptoms. Depending on the absence of excessive eating and hypersexuality, she was clinically diagnosed as recurrent monosymptomatic hypersomnia or the incomplete form of Kleine-Levin syndrome. When nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test were performed 10 days after her recovery from a hypersomnic episode, reduced slow wave sleep % and pathologic daytime sleepiness were still noted. The authors suggest that the clinical recovery in recurrent monosymptomatic hypersomnia precede electrophysiological normalization by several days.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

Childhood narcolepsy is one of the underdiagnosed diseases even the first symptoms often appear in childhood. Making diagnosis through history taking is not always easy because the symptoms of childhood narcolepsy are different from those of adulthood. Diagnostic laboratory tests such as sleep studies, tests for human leukocyte antigens, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement should be considered when the child has excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy. Treatment approach should be start as early as possible to avoid secondary academic, emotional difficulties. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, and close cooperation between parents and school teachers should be maintained. In the near future, childhood narcolepsy can be a key to understand the pathogenesis of narcolepsy.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.819-820
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic algorithm to detect the arousal events. The proposed method is based on time-frequency analysis and the support vector machine classifier using single channel electroencephalogram. To extract features, first we computed 6 indices to find out the information of sleep states. Next powers of each of 4 frequency bands were computed using spectrogram of arousal region. And finally we computed variations of power of EEG frequency to detect arousals. The performance has been assessed using polysomnographic recordings of twenty patients with sleep apnea, snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. We have shown that proposed method was effective for detecting the arousal events.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In 2000, the number of people aged 65 and over increased to 3.37 million, accounting for 7.1% of the total population of South Korea. The elderly population will increase up to 19.3% in 2030. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) seems to increase with age. More than 50-60% of old people complain of SDB-related signs and symptoms including awakening headache, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, personality changes, and depression. The influence of a mild degree of SDB upon the elderly is unclear, but moderate to severe SDB is well known to be associated with many diseases including hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, and sudden death. Therefore, physicians should pay attention to elderly patients who complain of SDB related symptoms and signs that may not be normal signs of aging. Physicians need to become more sensitive to treat SDB in the elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

Narcolepsy is a central neurologic system disease. It begins early in life with disabling symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucination and nocturnal sleep fragmentation. Patient with typical symptoms of narcolepsy is diagnosed by objective data from nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests. Narcolepsy is controlled with various medications. Nowadays, modafinil with favorable side effects profiles compared with traditional stimulant is mainly used. Gamma hydroxyl butyrate is effective in cataplexy. Cataplexy is also controlled with antidepressant such as Venlafaxine, SSRI, and TCA. As the knowledge of pathophysiology of narcolepsy expands, new treatment including immunological method, application of hypocretin and histamine systems have been tried.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2007

Sleep changes substantially with age. There is a phase advance in the circadian sleep cycle and increased waking after sleep onset. The elderly people wake more frequently during the night and experience fragmented sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The prevalence of sleep disorders increases with age, and the composition of sleep disorders in the elderly differs from that in the young. The most frequently encountered sleep disorders are psychophysiologic insomnia, sleep disturbance due to dementia, sleeprelated respiratory disorder, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder, and REM sleep behavior disorder. To treat the elderly sleep problem appropriately, it is important to know how sleep pattern changes as we age and to understand the cause of sleep-related symptoms. This article will review the sleep physiology and common sleep disorders in the elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

Sleep disordered breathing is highly prevalent in the elderly and affects older men and women similarly. Nocturia, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, traffic accidents and repeated falls are common manifestations of sleep apnea in the elderly and sleep study may be indicated in these patients. When a sleep study is planned, reliable markers of respiratory efforts and a tibial EMG should be included because central sleep apneas and periodic leg movements are common in the elderly patients. Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seem to be lower in the elderly than in middle-aged adults, these may not be as low as commonly believed. Excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction and nocturia can be improved by effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and a therapeutic trial should be recommended to all symptomatic patients. It is still unclear whether sleep apnea in older adults is a specific entity or the same disease as in younger adults. Further clinical research is warranted.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

Purpose: In 2015, South Korea had the highest global smartphone penetration (88%). However, smartphone addiction can seriously disrupt daily life and have a major negative impact on academic achievement. Methods: A structured questionnaire was completed by 250 nursing students for this descriptive study. Results: Students who were older, more satisfied with their major, exercised, and used their smartphone for less than 30 minutes before sleeping had higher learning engagement than those who were younger, less satisfied, did not exercise and used their smartphone for more than three hours. Quality of sleep and smartphone addiction were negatively correlated as was quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness. Interestingly, sleep pattern did not impact learning engagement directly. Conclusion: Smartphone usage influences learning engagement of nursing students rather than their sleeping patterns, which suggests a need to develop self-disciplining strategies for smartphone use to enhance learning engagement.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.288-295
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• 2019

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is defined as a disturbed breathing during sleep caused by repetitive upper airway collapse. Complete collapse causes a cessation of breathing, known as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring can arise from partial collapse. Undiagnosed and untreated OSA means recurrent intermittent hypoxemia and leads to a variety of cardiovascular disorders, disturbed neurocognition, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Various behavioral modalities have been suggested for treating snoring and sleep apnea including changing the sleep position, avoiding alcohol, and weight loss. Until now continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is one of effective treatment for patients with OSA, but its discomfort causes less tolerance and compliance. Therefore, clinical effectiveness and convenience for oral appliance have emerged and the role of dentists has become more important in the management of OSA.