• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.79-81
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• 1998

Genetic amniocenteses were performed in a series of 127 patients as a routine study. Samples from the patients were cultured by in situ method, flask method or both according to the state of amniotic fluid. The overall success rate of culture was 97.6% and no culture failure was observed in the flask method. It took 5 days first of all and 8.15 days average from set-up to harvest and there were 7.2 colonies per dish in in situ method. Therefore, it is suggested that in situ method which decreased the mean culture days and made clonal analyses possible, is a clinically available and even more reliable method in parallel with flask method in prenatal diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL) in Chwinamul, to estimate biological half-life for residue of each pesticide. Chwinamul was sprayed with pesticides of standard and double application rate. Chlorfenapyr and fenarimol were sprayed once on Chwinamul at 10 days before harvest, and it was sampled 7 times and analysed the residual change of two pesticides. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chwinamul sample was extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane, and pesticide residues were determined with GCECD. Method quantitation limit (MQL) of chlorfenapyr was 0.10 mg/kg and that of fenarimol was 0.02 mg/kg. Recoveries of chlorfenapyr at two fortification levels of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg were $94.2{\pm}$1.70 and $99.0{\pm}1.61%$, respectively. Recoveries of fenarimol at two fortification levels of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg were $92.1{\pm}2.14$ and $83.1{\pm}1.98%$, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): The biological half-lives of chlorfenapyr were about 3.5 days at standard application rate, and 3.4 days at double application rate. The biological half-lives of fenarimol were about 6.0 days at standard application rate, and 5.9 days at double application rate. The PHRLs of chlorfenapyr were recommended as 13.02 and 6.25 mg/kg for 10 and 5 days before harvest, respectively. And the PHRLs of fenarimol were recommended as 2.80 and 1.67 mg/kg for 10 and 5 days before harvest, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.584-592
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of wheat sprouts grown in wild fields and cultivated fields and harvested at various times were analyzed to compare the quality characteristics of the wheat sprouts as a function of their cultivation and harvest time, as well as for the development of functional materials. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity of the wheat extracts, were subsequently analyzed. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the wheat extract increased from 16.97 mg TEAC/g sample on cultivation day three in cultivated field wheat sprouts to 25.99 mg TEAC/g sample after seven days of wild field cultivation. The total polyphenol content increased from 17.08 mg GA eq/100 g in cultivated field wheat sprouts grown for three days to 28.70 mg GA eq/100 g after seven days of wild field cultivation. In addition, the flavonoid content increased from 7.02 mg catechin eq/100 g (7 days) to 8.47 mg/g after 12 days of wild field cultivation. Notably, the activity subsequently decreased. These results suggest that the wheat sprouts with higher biological activity were those produced from the wild field after 20 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.573-579
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• 2010

This study investigated starch properties of 'Daehak waxy corn (DWC)' with different harvest times. The DWCs were harvested at 4 days before suitable time (BST), suitable time (ST) and 4 days after suitable time (AST). As harvest time was delayed, starch yield and amylopectin content of DWC starch increased from 43.21 to 52.73%, and from 90.79 to 92.83% based on dry weight, respectively. As harvest time was postponed, enzymatic digestibility and water solubility of DWC starch decreased from 81.43 to 80.58%, and from 10.23 to 9.23%. However, water binding capacity and swelling power of DWC starch increased from 227.94 to 244.88%, and from 24.75 to 29.74%, respectively. Retrogradation viscosity of starch was the lowest in DWC harvested at AST. There was a high correlation coefficient among starch properties of DWC, such as starch yield, enzymatic digestibility, water binding capacity, swelling power, water solubility and retrogradation viscosity (p<0.01). As harvest time was deferred, enzymatic digestibility, water solubility and retrogradation viscosity decreased; however, amylopectin content increased, and water binding capacity and swelling power significantly increased with increasing amylopectin content.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

In Chrysanthemum ${\times}$ morifolium, 30 days of continuous short days (SD) are required for flowering. The effects of alternating short day (SD) - long day (LD) - SD treatments was tested in 5 daisy-like single cultivars, 'Limelight', 'Sunlight', 'Candle Light', 'Firebrand', and 'Twilight', Thee other decorative type cultivars, 'Spirit', 'SunburstSpriit', 'Mandalay', and 'Illini Harvest' was also included. Short day treatment was given for 30 days (control: 30SD) and 5 or 10 LD were interposed following 5 or 10 SD. Different responses were noticed when data from all cultivars were combined, showing that flowering was delayed and the number of ray florets were increased by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD. The number of ray florets, 40 florets in 'Firebrand' and 60.8 florets in 'Candlelight' was increased significantly by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD as compared to the control. There were no adverse effects by SD-LD-SD treatment, except for the delay in flowering time from 6 to 7 days. The number of ray florets in 'Illini Harvest' and 'Limelight' were, however, not increased by any SD-LD-SD treatments. Cultivar dependent responses should further be investigated in other newly available cultivars, and this information could be used to breed new cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-85
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• 1980

Field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time in winter rape (Brassica napus L.) by investigating the percent oil, 1, 000 seed weight, seed yield, dehiscent pod ratio and oil yield at 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66 and 70 days after flowering. Variation of all characters with days after flowering could be explained significantly by second degree polynomial equations. Percent oil and 1, 000 seed weight increased until 62 days after flowering and thereafter these traits decreased, while seed yield increased to 58 days after flowering and thereafter this trait decreased. This controversy was due to the drastic increase in dehiscent pods beyond 58 days after flowering which brought loss in seed yield. These results suggest that optimum harvesting time is 58 days after flowering and it should not be later than 60 days after flowering.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2017

In this study, the residue patterns of flubendiamide and pyriofenone registered in the strawberry were investigated to predict pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL). The samples were harvested at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 days after treatment and the pesticide residues were analyzed by HPLC/UVD. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was $0.01mg\;kg^{-1}$ for flubendiamide and pyriofenone. The recovery levels of flubendiamide and pyriofenone were $90.9{\pm}2.2%$ and $81.9{\pm}0.8%$, $87.7{\pm}2.1%$ and $85.3{\pm}1.1%$ for spiked levels of 0.01 and $0.1mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The values of biological half-lives for field 1 and field 2 were 8.1 and 7.2 days for flubendiamide, 7.0 and 6.9 days for pyriofenone. According to these results, we recommends the level of PHRL on strawberry for flubendiamide and pyriofenone as 1.87 and $3.76mg\;kg^{-1}$ at 10 days before harvest, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate change of seed dormancy during storage in rice. The result of germination rate observed at different storage duration after harvest indicated that two Japonica rice varieties, Sangpungbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo, tow sare type local varieties, Jakwangdo and Mongeunsare, and a Tongil type rice, Samgangbyeo, showed no dormancy in rice seed harvested at 40 days after heading, However, weak dormancy was found in matured rice seed of Sobaekbyeo and Odaebyeo, and strong seed dormancy was found in Jungwonbyeo, IR-20 and IR-42. Rice seed stored for 30 days after harvest at 2$0^{\circ}C$ constant temperature or 25/15$^{\circ}C$ of day /night temperature fluctuation showed higher germination rate above 90% in all varieties tested. But germination rate of seeds stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 30 to 180 days showed varietal difference, higher in rice varieties having weak seed dormancy and lower in strong dormancy varieties. Days to 80% germination and average days for germination were shortened by storage for 30 to 180 days after harvest at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 4$^{\circ}C$ with RH 40% or day /night 25/15$^{\circ}C$ temperature condition in all rice varieties tested, but the degree of acceleration was lower at the condition of 4$^{\circ}C$ with RH 40%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2003

An organophosphorus insecticide, chlorpyrifos and an arylnitrile fungicide, chlorothalonil commonly used far apple were subjected to a residual investigation under field conditions to ensure safety of terminal residues at harvest. After pesticides were applied at standard rate in apple tree fer 15 days for chlorpyrifos and 30 days far chlorothalonil, persistence of their residues in apple was investigated by several interval. At harvest, residual concentrations of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil in apple were 1.3 and 2.4mg/kg, respectively, and the residue levels were higher than MRL 1.0 mg/kg in Korea. As well fitted by the first-oder kinetics, biological half-lives of the pesticide residues in apple were 9.3 days for chlorpyrifos and 32.2 days for chlorothalonil. During the storage, half-lives of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil were 35.0 and 56.3days at room temperature, and 120.7 and 182.8 days at 412, respectively. Distribution of chlorpyrifos residue in flesh, fruit skin and stalk cavity of each apple corresponded to 0.1% 22.8% and 77.1%, respectively. In case of chlorothalonil, residue in flesh, fruit skin and stalk cavity was 4.4%, 10.4% and 85.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1247-1253
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• 2017

The Fuji variety of apple, introduced in Japan, has excellent storage quality and good taste, such that it is the most commonly cultivated apple variety in Gunwi County, North Gyeongsang Province, Korean Peninsula. Accurate prediction of harvest maturity allows farmers to more efficiently manage their farm in important aspects such as working time, fruit storage, market shipment, and labor distribution. Temperature is one of the most important factors that determine plant growth, development, and yield. This paper reports on the beta distribution (function) model that can be used to simulate the the phenological response of plants to temperature. The beta function, commonly used as a skewed probability density in statistics, was introduced to estimate apple harvest maturity as a function of temperature in this study. The model parameters were daily maximum temperature, daily optimum temperature, and maximum growth rate. They were estimated from the input data of daily maximum and minimum temperature and apple harvest maturity. The difference in observed and predicted maturity day from 2009 to 2012, with optimal parameters, was from two days earlier to one day later.