• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1979

합성방부제 대신 몇가지 생약재를 사용하여 간장의 방부효과를 실험하고 아울려 생약재중 방부효과가 인정되는 황백을 첨가한 인공합성배지에서 산막효모 이외 2종의 미생물의 발육상태를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 양조간장에 생약재 첨가효과는 대조구에서는 2일후부터 균막이 형성되었으나 황백분말 0.5% 첨가구에서는 8일후, 1.0% 첨가구에서는 12일후에 균막이 형성되었다. 2. 화학간장에 생약재 첨가의효과는 대조구에서는 2일후부터 균막형성이 시작되었으나 황백분말 0.5% 첨가구에서는 6일후에, 1.0% 첨가구에서는 8일후에 균막이 형성되었다. 3. 목향과 장뇌분말의 첨가는 다소 균발육억제 효과가 인정되었으나 기타 생약재는 그 효과를 인정할 수 없었다. 4. 합성배지에 황백(黃栢) extract 첨가효과는 산막효모가 0.5% 첨가배지에서 5일간 발육이 억제되었고 황국균은 3일간, 납두균은 4일간 억제되었다. 5. 15%식염을 함유한 합성배지에서의 황백(黃栢) extract 첨가의 효과는 산막효모, 황국균, 남두균 같이 0.3%첨가로 5일간 균발육이 억제되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 1989

Perlite에 묘삼을 심고 14일간 여러농도의 $CO_2$를 근권에 처리하고 인삼의 생육상태를 조사하였다. 6~8%에서 완전 출아소요 일수가 3일간 단축 되었으며 13%이상에서 출아가 지연되었다. 14일처리후 경장은 $CO_2$농도가 높을수록 적었다. 64일후의 생육량의 증가율은 8%를 장점으로 증가한 후 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 22%의 64일간 처리는 65% 출아 되었으나 경장은 60% 감소되었고 35%의 처리는 모두 면삼(眠蔘)이 되었다. 이상의 결과는 인삼의 생육조절 및 저장에 $CO_2$가 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2008

Mylabris is the dried body of the chinese blister beetle. The species used in medicine are Mylabris phalerata and M. cichorii. In recent studies, it has been found that Mylabris possesses antitumor properties, increases the number of leukocytes, and has irritant effects on the urinary organs. The crude extracts of Mylabris have been noted for their highly irritant action and other traditional uses of Mylabris include treatment of poor local blood circulation. The active constituent of Mylabris is cantharidin. The chemical is notable for its vesicant properties, but with severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity. This experiment examined the effect of extracts and fractions, obtained from Mylabris phalerata Pall. on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. First, we examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the alcohol extracts of dried Mylabris phalerata Pall. on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. Second, we examined on hair growth activity of the cantharidin fraction of Mylabris phalerata Pall. compared to the control and 1% minoxidil groups. Third, we investigated the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. to skin for 16 days. The results were as follows: Hair growth effect from the extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall.(0.312%) was observed in 80% of mice whose hair had been removed in 13 days. Hair growth effect from the extract of Mylabris phalerata Pall.(0.312 and 0.625%) and 1% minoxidil group was observed in 100% of mice whose hair had been clipped in 20 days. Hair growth effect from the cantharidin fraction(0.5%) and water fraction(0.5%) of Mylabris phalerata Pall. was observed in 100% of mice whose hair had been clipped in 24 days. The hair growth effect on the cantharidin fraction(0.125%) was observed to be strong compared with the minoxidil(3%) group, commercial hair growth agents, in mice whose hair had been clipped in 19 days. In the spontaneous alopecia mice model, the hair growth effect from the cantharidin fraction (0.125%) was observed to be strong as compared with the states before the 13 days experiment. These experiments suggest that extracts and fractions of Mylabris phalerata Pall. may stimulate the topical hair growth activity in low doses.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2018

본 연구는 실내시설재배에서 천마의 생육단계를 균사활착기, 괴경형성기, 괴경비대기, 휴면기로 구분하고, 최적 온도 및 배양기간을 설정하였으며, 괴경비대기에 변온처리를 하였다. 천마의 균사활착기는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 30일, 괴경형성기는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 120일, 괴경비대기는 $6{\sim}24^{\circ}C$에서 60일, 휴면기는 $5^{\circ}C$에서 30일로 처리하여 총 배양기간은 240일로 설정하였다. 실내시설재배는 노지재배보다 균사활착기는 30일 단축되었고, 괴경형성기는 30일 연장되었으며, 휴면기는 120일 단축됨으로써, 전체 재배기간이 약 120일 단축되었다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과, 밀폐된 실내시설재배에서 온도 조건을 제어하면 천마를 연중생산 할 수 있는 생육모델의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1997

The growth inhibition effect of Orally administrated yogurt ACE and Metchnikoffupon E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium inoculated into gastric lumen of rabbits was in vestigated. The rabbits challenged with each 1 $m\ell$ of suspension containing 108 CFU/$m\ell$ of the pathogens were divided into 4 groups by the interval of yogurt administration: A group; preadministrated 7 days before inoculation of the pathogens and fed daily; B group; administrated daily after inocjlation of the pathogens, C group; administrated every 3 days after inoculation of the pathogens; Control group, not fed after inoculation of the pathogens. Each 3 $m\ell$ of yogurt containing 109 CFU/$m\ell$ was orally administrated into rabbits. All yogurt administrated groups (A, B, c) chowed growth ingibition effect on E. coli O157:H7 in one day after inoculation of the pathogen by the level of 0.8~1.0 log CFU/g, compared with the result differences between the control group and the yogurt administrated groups. In the control group after 5 days of inoculation, the number of colonized pathogens was 105~106 CFU/g, whereas 103~104 CFU/g was detected in the yogurt administrated groups. After 10 days of inoculation, the viable pathogen number per gram (g) of the rabbit feces was 103 CFU/g in the control group, whereas the number below 101 CFU/g was detected in the group A, and 102 CFU/g in the control group, B and C. The growth inhibition effect of yogurt administration on E. coli O157:H7 was highly increased in the order of A, B, and C group. The same effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the level of 2 log CFU/g in the Metchnikoff yogurt administrated groups, compared with the control group result in one day after inoculation of the pathogen. In 7 days after inoculation of the pathogen, the viable number was increasingly decreased, and finally after 15 days no viable cell of S. typhimurium was discharged into the fecal samples in the group A, and the mean level of 10* CFU/g was detected in the group B, but there was no growth inhibition effect in the group C. The growth inhibition effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the same level of viable cell number between the yogurt ACE administrated groups and the control group in 5 days after inoculation. But, after 10 days of inoclation the viable cell number was started to decrease, and the viable cell of S. typhimurium was not discharged from rabbit intestinal contents after 15 days of inoculation in the yogurt ACE administrated groups. In such a case that yogurt was administrated in order to prevent the pathogens, pre-administration on a daily basis one week before inoculation of the pathogens exerted considerable effect in growth inhibition. In comparison with two kinds of yogurt tested in this study, the growth inhibition effect on two kinds of pathogens was observed more highly in the Metchnikoff administated group than the ACE administrated group.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

실험실에서 황복을 부화 후 1일에서 63일까지 사육하면서 표본을 추출하여 황복의 초기성장과 이석의 미세구조 관찰하였다. 부화 당시 황복의 전장은 3.09$\pm$0.02 mm였으며, 부화 후 10일에 전장 4.96$\pm$0.24 mm, 20일에는 5.39$\pm$0.42 mm, 30일에는 9.13$\pm$0.59 mm로 성장하였고, 부화 후 34일에는 평균 10.78$\pm$0.96 mm로 성장하였으며, 부화 후 43일에는 16.40$\pm$2.31 mm, 부화 후 63일에는 30.49$\pm$1.53 mm로 성장하였다. 부화한 황복 이석의 평균 장반경은 14.20$\pm$1.21 $\mu\textrm{m}$였고, 부화 후 10일째는 31.06$\pm$2.31 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 20일째는 57.19$\pm$6.19 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 34일째는 127.13$\pm$13.13 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 43일째는 190.79$\pm$17.08 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 63일째는 281.85$\pm$23.81 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 부화 후 20일 이후의 이석의 크기변화는 체장의 성장 경향과 유사하였다 황복의 이석에는 다른 성장선들과 구별되는 부화정지선이 형성되어있으며, 부화정지선 형성이전에 2-3개의 미세성장선이 관찰되었다. 부화 후 20일부터 63일까지, 황복의 이석에 형성된 일일성장선의 수와 경과한 일수는 1차 비례관계를 보였으며, 하루에 한 개씩 형성되어지는 것이 확인되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1995

화상분석장치(IBAS 2000 Kontron, Germany)출 이용하여 충체의 체면적과 불규칙한 내부장기에 대한 발육정도를 측정함으로서 간흡충의 성장과정을 보다 정확히 알아보고자 하였다. 간흡충의 피낭유충을 200 g 내외의 Sprague-Dawley계 백서에 50마리씩 경구투여하여 감염시키고, 1일, 6 일, 9일, 12일, 15일, 21일, 30일 및 90일에 희생시켜 담도내의 충체을 부위별로 치수하였고, 피낭유충은 탈낭시킨 후 형태가 좋은 54마리를 수집하였다. 회수된 충체는 총 474마리로 평균회수율은 31.6%이었나 간흡충의 체장과 체곡은 겸염 후 30일까지 급격히 증가한 다음 감염 후 90일까지는 완만하게 증가하였으나, 체면적은 감염 후 30일 부터 90일 사이에도 성장속도가 감소하지 않는 약간 다른 증가양상을 보였다 또한 고환, 난소, 저정낭 등의 발육정도를 용이하게 측정할 수 있었는데. 이들 내부 장기는 자궁내 충란이 충만하게 되는 감염 21일 까지는 비교적 빠른 발육을 보였으나 이후에는 증가속도가 둔화되어 전형적인 S형 성장곡선을 보여 주었고 전고환과 후고환의 발육양상은 거의 유사하였다. 그러나 저정낭은 감염 15일 부터 21일 사이에 급격한 발육증가를 보였고, 이는 저정낭이 농축된 정액으로 충만되는 시기와 거의 일치하였다. 따리서 저정낭의 성장곡선은 간흡충의 성적지표로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 화상분석장치를 이용함으로서 불규칙하여 측정하기 어려웠던 충제의 체면적 및 내부 장기의 성장정도를 알 수 있게 되어 간흡충의 발육 양상에 대하여 보다 다양하고 정확한 관찰이 가능하게 되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate whether dietary essential oils could affect growth performance, relative organ weights, cecal microflora, immune responses and blood profiles of broiler chickens fed on diets containing different nutrient densities. A total of eight hundred-forty 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into twenty-eight pens (7 pens per treatment, 30 chicks per pen). There were four experimental diets containing two different nutrient densities and supplemented with or without essential oils. Experimental period lasted for 35 days. No clear interaction between nutrient density and essential oils on any of growth performance-related parameters was observed. Live body weights were affected (p<0.05) by nutrient density at 21 days and by dietary essential oils at 35 days. Essential oils significantly (p<0.05) increased daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the periods of 22 to 35 and 1 to 35 days, but failed to affect feed intake during the entire experimental period. Daily weight gain at 1 to 21 days and feed intake at 1 to 21 and 1 to 35 days were significantly impaired (p<0.05) by nutrient density. There were significant treatment interactions (p<0.05) on relative weights of bursa of Fabricius and abdominal fat contents. Finally, either essential oil or nutrient density did not influence the relative percentages of breast and leg meats, the population of cecal microflora, blood parameters and antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis in broiler chickens. It was concluded that dietary essential oils, independent to nutrient density, failed to stimulate feed intake, but increased growth performance in broiler chickens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2002

Anti-fungal potential of 5 plant extracts viz., Eucalyptus citriodora, Allium sativum, Cassia sophera, Chromolaena odorata and Datura metel on the growth of mulberry brown leaf spot pathogen Myrothecium roridum were examined. Except fur the aqueous extract of Allium bulb, ethanolic leaf extract of all other plants more efficiently reduced the colony growth of the fungus on potato-dextrose-agar, Of which, Allium and Eucalyptus extracts were more effective. Initiation of radial growth of M. roridum on solid media was deferred maximum 6 days by ethanolic Eucalyptus extract and 4 days by aqueous Allium extract at $0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$. In the liquid media amended with Eucalyptus extract ($0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$) complete inhibition of sporulation was noticed upto 8 days, and initial inhibition of mycelial bio-mass generation was considerably diminished with time and reduction was 1.3 fold 14 days after application. While, complete inhibition of mycelial growth for 6-14 days was recorded with $\geq$0.1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ commercial eucalyptus oil. However, rejuvenation of growth appeared when fungus was re-inoculated in fresh media. Post-inoculate application of different doses Of Eucalyptus and Allium extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease severity in pot-ted mulberry. However, persistence of the effect up to 28 days was apparent at $\geq$ 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ and effectively was on par with carbendazim (1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ ). Almost equal control ability of 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ Eucalyptus extracts can be achieved by ca. 10 times lowered dose of commercial eucalyptus oil. It seems, the toxic principle of E. citrodora to M. roridum is fungistatic in nature and may have essential oil based origin.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 1999

The object of this study was to determine the difference of the time course changes of transpiration, diffusion resistance and photosynthetic rate of rice at several different growth stages subjected to soil moisture stress (SMS) and recovery by irrigation. A japonica rice cultivar 'Dongjinbyeo', was grown under flooded condition in a plastic container filled with silty loam soil. At 5 main growth stages, the container was treated by SMS until initial wilting point (IWP) and then reirrigated. The duration of SMS until IWP were the longest, 13 days for tillering stage, and the shortest, 7 days for panicle initiation and meiosis stage. The transpiration rate rapidly decreased during SMS and the transpiration rate at IWP of the stressed plant showed 10∼20% compared with control, and the transpiration rate of stressed plant at most growth stages also recovered rapidly after irrigation and then reached 100% of control within a week. The shoot photosynthetic rate in all growth stages rapidly decreased by SMS, and the rates at IWP of stressed plants were de-creased nearly to 0%, beside the treatment at tillering stage. The recovery degree of photosynthetic rate by irrigation ranged from 20 to 90%, showed higher at early growth stages of SMS treatment than that of later stages. At all growth stages the leaf diffusion resistance of stressed plants was over 3 times that of the control resulting from a rapid increase at 3 to 5 days after draining for SMS, and showed quick recovery by irrigation within 3 days after drainage. The above physiological parameters changed in close relation with the decrease of the soil matric potential after SMS. These results indicate that at all main growth stages of rice plants the transpiration and photosynthesis reduction by stomatal closure reponded sensitively to the first stage of SMS closely related with decrease of soil water potential, while those recovery pattern and recovered degree by irrigation are little different by growth stage of rice.