• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2006

밀양 23호/기호벼 유래 164 RILs($F_{17}$)을 이용하여, 종자의 휴면과 관련이 있는 수발아 저항성, 건열 저항성 및 종자수명을 검정하고, 이들 상호간 상관관계를 조사하였다. 출수 40일째에 밀양23호와 기호벼의 수발아율은 0%, 7%이었고, M/G RILs은 0$\sim$50.9%의 범위를 보였으며, 평균 3.2%였다. $90^{\circ}C$, 24시간 건열처리후 밀양23호와 기호벼는 99.2%, 37.6%의 발아율을 보였고, $T_{50}$은 2.7일, 12.9일로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, M/G RILs의 평균 발아율은 72.4%였다. 상온저장 한 종자수명은 밀양23호는 수확후 3.5년까지도 80% 이상의 종자 발아율을 유지하였으나, 기호벼는 18개월 후부터 급격히 발아력이 감소하여(30%이하), 42개월 후 발아력을 완전히 상실하였다. M/G RILs의 종자활력은 수확후 42개월까지 71계통이 90%이상의 발아율을 보였다. 수발아 저항성, 건열 저항성 및 종자수명은 밀양 23호와 기호벼 간에 뚜렷한 품종간 차이를 보였으며, M/G RILs은 양친의 중간값에 가까운 평균값을 보였다. 건열저항성과 종자수명 간에는 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 수발아와 종자수명, 수발아와 건열저항성 간에는 부의 상관관계가 성립하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) ${\times}$ 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid $5^{\circ}C$ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was $5^{\circ}C$, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in $GA_3$ 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2013

본 연구는 임산물 중 수요가 확대되고 있는 곰취 종자의 발아 특성을 구명하고자 실시되었으며, 이를 통하여 효율적인 종자 전처리 및 증식기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 실험은 두 종류로 진행되었는데, 온도(10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) 및 차광수준(전광, 35, 50, 75, 95%)에 따른 발아력을 조사하였다. 각 실험에 앞서 종자는 전처리를 받았는데, 온도실험에서는 0, 15, 30, 45 및 60일의 저온습윤 처리를, 차광수준 실험에서는 2일 동안 상온건조, 저온건조 및 수침처리를 실시하였다. 곰취 종자는 전처리에 관계없이 상대적으로 낮은 온도인 $10^{\circ}C$일 때 가장 발아가 잘 되었고, 온도가 높아질수록 발아율은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 차광수준 실험에서는 전체 처리 중 75% 차광 내 상온건조 처리에서 발아율이 68.1%로 가장 높았으며, 95% 차광 내 수침처리에서 48.6%로 발아율이 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 한편, 차광수준 실험에서 95%에서는 발아 후 웃자라는 현상을 보였으며, 전광에서는 고사 피해가 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과를 종합하면, 곰취 종자는 전처리로 15일 정도의 저온습윤 저장을 하여 $10^{\circ}C$ 정도의 낮은 온도(시기)에 파종을 하고, 50~75% 정도의 차광처리를 하였을 때 가장 좋은 발아율 및 초기생장을 보일 것으로 판단된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

본 연구는 세엽형 훼스큐 초종 간 초기 발아특성 및 발아 패턴을 파악하고자 시작하였다. 공시재료는 CF, CRF, HF 및 SF 4종류에서 선정한 6품종을 이용하였다. 발아실험은 국제종자검정협회 요구 조건인 ISTA 변온조건에서 수행하였으며 조사는 치상 후 1일 간격으로 일일 발아율 및 누적 발아율 데이터를 분석하였다. ISTA 변온환경에서 세엽형 훼스큐 종자의 발아력, 발아특성 및 발아패턴은 초종 및 품종에 따라 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 종자 발아력은 품종에 따라 40.25-82.00% 사이로 다양하게 나타났다. 공시 초종의 발아패턴 경향은 CF, CRF 및 SF는 치상 후 5-6일 사이에 최초 발아가 시작되었다. 하지만 HF는 1일 늦은 치상 후 6-7일 사이에 최초 발아가 시작되어 초종에 따라 1일간 차이가 있었다. 세엽형 훼스큐 초종이 발아율 50%에 도달한 기간은 최초 발아 후 2-4일 경과 후 인 치상 후 8-10일 사이로 초종 간 2일 정도의 차이가 있었다. 또한 실무적으로 필요한 발아율 60% 도달기간은 초종에 따라 치상 후 최소 9.10일에서 최대 14.80일 사이로 초종 간 발아속도 차이가 5.70일로 나타났다. 공시 초종 중 60% 발아율 도달 기간이 가장 빠른 품종은 CF 'Jamestown II', CF 'Shadow II' 및 HF 'Aurora Gold' 품종이었고, 반대로 가장 느린 종류는 HF 'Rescue 911' 품종이었다. 그리고 ISTA 변온환경에서 세엽형 훼스큐 초종 간 조성 속도는 CRF < SF < HF < CF 순서로 빠른 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 초종 및 품종 간 특성 비교 데이터는 골프장 등 잔디밭 시공 시 실무적인 기초 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2002

The purposes of this study are to investigate water content and treatment period in Solid Matrix Priming(SMP; method for enhanced rapid and uniform seedling emergence in tobacco seeds). The higher water content made the faster imbibition speed of tobacco seed. But the radicle emergence shorten the period of water equilibrium. The range of water content in SMP treatment within the limits of no radicle emergence of tobacco seed was 28∼32% to dry weight of tobacco seed. The rate of radicle emergence and seedling emergence was higher in water content 30% and 40% treatment plot than that in 50% and 60% treatment plot. But it was not different between SMP treatment and non-SMP treatment. In water content 40% during 9 days treatment, germinative energy was highest, and T50 and mean germination time(MGT) were the shortest. The germination speed was higher in SMP treatment than that in non-SMP treatment. It was not different on the germination rate between non-SMP treatment and SMP treatment.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.87-87
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of osmotic priming, liquid smoke (LS), sonication and modified drum priming treatments to improve the germination speed and uniformity of pepper seeds for high quality export seeds. Seeds were treated in 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10% LS solution only or with 100mM $K_2SO_4$ solution for 6days at $15^{\circ}C$. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4, 15.7, 21.0, 26.1kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 84, 96 and 108h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. 0.5% LS treatment with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ priming showed significant effects with 71% GP (9.0days MGT) and 66% GP (7.4days MGT), respective, while untreated seeds resulted in only 61% GP and 10days MGT. The healthy seed % was increased by 24% by $K_2SO_4$ priming with LS treatment compared to untreated seeds. However, sonication treatment showed less germination or no difference compared to untreated seed, regardless of intensity and treatment time. The modified drum priming treatment (108h incubation after 50% SMC hydration) significantly improved the GP (on the $4^{th}$days after sowing), germination rate (GR), and MGT to 65%, $28%{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and 3.6days, whereas untreated seed resulted only 7% GP, $17%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR and 5.9days MGT. Thus, modified drum priming treatment effectively improved seed germination and is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2008

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated with different experiments. An alternative environment condition requiring for a CB germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$(ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$(natural conditions). In each experiment, data such as seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time were measured. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and varieties. It was 61.50 to 98.25% under ISTA conditions and 55.00 to 98.50% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among CB varieties according to different conditions. Early germination characteristics indicated that all varieties were 1 to 4 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 70% and 90%, was much faster with Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross under ISTA conditions. But it was even faster with L-93 and Penncross when grown under natural conditions. Differences were also observed in germination peak time with varieties and growing conditions. It was 0.57 to 2.86 days under ISTA conditions and 0.74 to 1.74 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest variety was L-93 and the longest one T-1. Considering germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time, Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while L-93, Penn A-1 and Penncross under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper variety selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before golf course construction.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2015

The study was initiated with Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) to investigate germination and early establishment characteristics of new cultivars for a practical application to turfgrass establishment such as parks, athletic field and golf course etc. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in different experiments. An alternative condition for a KB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$ (natural conditions). Seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time were measured in both experiments. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and cultivars. It was 75.25 to 89.50% under ISTA conditions and 75.75 to 90.25% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among KB cultivars according to different environments. Early germination characteristics showed that all cultivars were 3 to 5 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% to 80%, was much faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Midnight' under ISTA conditions. But it was faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Odyssey' under natural conditions. Differences was also observed in germination peak time with cultivars and growing conditions. It ranged 5.94 to 14.88 days under ISTA conditions and 4.71 to 13.06 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest cultivars were 'Odyssey' and 'Midnight II'. The longest ones were 'Nuglade' under ISTA condition and 'Moonlight' under natural conditions. Considering germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time, 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Midnight', and 'Odyssey' were regarded as excellent cultivars under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Odyssey', and 'Courtyard' under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for investigating the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper cultivar selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before turfgrass establishment such as golf course construction.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 심포지엄
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• pp.38-42
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out the investigation of proper temperature of germination and growth responses of turf grass to different seedling ages. The results were as follows; 1. It was indicated that the proper temperature of germination was 30$^{\circ}C$ of day and 15$^{\circ}C$ of night, and day length was 14/10 hrs. 2. It was observed that 50 days of seedling was excellent with growth components such as number of tiller, length of tillering, number of node and internode length.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.