• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to compare breast feeding rates and factors influencing feeding practice between late preterm ($34{\leq}GA<37$) and preterm infants (GA<34). Methods: A survey was done of 207 late preterm and 117 preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of 4 university hospitals in D city. Data were collected from July 2009 to June 2010 from 324 medical records in the NICU. Breast-feeding at home was checked either by telephone survey or questioning during hospital visits. Results: Rate of breast feeding for late preterm infants was significantly lower than for preterm infants. There was no significant difference in breast-feeding at home. We found differences in factors influencing breast feeding between the two groups. Factors influencing feeding for late preterm infants were type of delivery, mothers' occupation, feeding type during hospitalization, time elapse from hospital discharge, total admission days, infant's body weight at first feeding and length of NPO (nothing by mouth). Factors influencing feeding for preterm infants were birth order, maternal disease and obstetric complications, and one-minute Apgar score. Conclusion: Results of the study show low rates of breast-feeding for late preterm infants indicating a need for breast-feeding education for mothers of these infants.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

Objective : This study was done to investigate the differences of HRV(Heart Rate Variability) change as the response to the emotional stimulus in each Sasang constitutions. Method : We investigated 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 10 Soyangin, 14 Soeumin and 20 Taeumin. After diagnosing the Sasang constitution by specialist of Sasang medicine, we measured the baseline emotional state(100 sec) before the stimulus, the changing emotional state(100 sec) while fearful film was being played. And we rechecked the emotional state(100 sec) while taking a rest. At last, volunteers checked the questionnaire for emotional response. We analysed ECG data with HRV-time domain and frequency domain analysis. Results : (1) There were no significant difference in Mean-RR , SDNN between each groups. (2) LF of Taeumin group significantly increased by the emotional stimulation compared with other groups. (3) There was no significant difference in TP, HF, normalized LF, normalized HF, but the variation of each period in Taeumin group was bigger than those of other groups. (4) Soeumin group reported that they felt significant disgust-emotion in the questionnaire compared with other groups. Conclusion : Taeumin group showed significant emotional changes on HRV by fear stimulus film.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

1. Objectives The objective of this study was to measure the differences of EEG changes accoring to emotional stimulus in Sasangin. 2. Methods 44 healthy volunteers(Soyangin 10, Soeumin 14, Taeumin 20) were participated. Sasang Constitution was diagnosed by Sasang specialist. Volunteers watched horror movie as the emotional stimulus. We recorded EEG data during pre-stimulus rest(120sec), during-stimulus(197sec), rest-stimulus(120sec). Power spectral analysis was done and relitive power and ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ ratio were compared among each groups. 3. Results (1) The mean of relative ${\alpha}$ of Taeumin was significantly decreased according to stimulus compared with Soyagnin. (2) Relative ${\alpha}$ of Soeumin was significantly decreased in T3 area according to stimulus compared with Taeumin. (3) Relative ${\beta}$ of Taeumin group was significantly increased in Fp2 area according to stimulus compared with Soeumin. 4) Relative $high-{\beta}$ of Soyangin group was significantly decreased in F3 by the post-stimulus rest compared with Soeumin. (5) ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ ratio of Soeumin was significantly increased according to stimulus compared with other groups. 4. Conclusions Soyangin showed sensitive changes according to the emotional simulus compared with Soeumin and Taeumin. Above results suggest that the emotional characteristics of Sasangin can be measured by objective methods as by EEG.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.493-520
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• 2009

During the last four decades, 16 Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and 4 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) have been constructed and operated in Korea, and nuclear fuel technology has been developed to a self-reliant state. At first, the PWR fuel design and manufacturing technology was acquired through international cooperation with a foreign partner. Then, the PWR fuel R&D by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has improved fuel technology to a self-reliant state in terms of fuel elements, which includes a new cladding material, a large-grained $UO_2$ pellet, a high performance spacer grid, a fuel rod performance code, and fuel assembly test facility. The MOX fuel performance analysis code was developed and validated using the in-reactor test data. MOX fuel test rods were fabricated and their irradiation test was completed by an international program. At the same time, the PWR fuel development by Korea Nuclear Fuel (KNF) has produced new fuel assemblies such as PLUS7 and ACE7. During this process, the design and test technology of fuel assemblies was developed to a self-reliant state. The PHWR fuel manufacturing technology was developed and manufacturing facility was set up by KAERI, independently from the foreign technology. Then, the advanced PHWR fuel, CANFLEX(CANDU Flexible Fuelling), was developed, and an irradiation test was completed in a PHWR. The development of the CANFLEX fuel included a new design of fuel rods and bundles.. The nuclear fuel technology in Korea has been steadily developed in many national R&D programs, and this advanced fuel technology is expected to contribute to a worldwide nuclear renaissance that can create solutions to global warming.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.743-753
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• 2015

In this study, it is an object to develop a regression model for the estimation of TOC (total organic carbon) concentration using investigated data for three years from 2010 to 2012 in the Gam Stream unit watershed, and applied in 2009 to verify the applicability of the regression model. TOC and $COD_{Mn}$ (chemical oxygen demand) were appeared to be derived the highest correlation. TOC was significantly correlated with 5 variables including BOD (biological oxygen demand), discharge, SS (suspended solids), Chl-a (chlorophyll a) and TP (total phosphorus) of p<0.01. As a result of PCA (principal component analysis) and FA (factor analysis), COD, TOC, SS, discharge, BOD and TP have been classified as a first factor. TOCe concentration was estimated using the model developed as an independent variable $BOD_5$ and $COD_{Mn}$. R squared value between TOC and measurement TOC is 0.745 and 0.822, respectively. The independent variable were added step by step while removing lower importance variable. Based on the developed optimal model, R squared value between measurement value and estimation value for TOC was 0.852. It was found that multiple independent variables might be a better the estimation of TOC concentration using the regression model equation(in a given sites).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2064-2072
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• 2015

To improve performance, most of Web Services produce and manage User Access Logs. Through the Access Logs, the record provides information about time when the most traffic happens and logs and which resource is mostly used. Then, the log can be used to analyze. However, in case of increasing high traffics of Web Services at the specific time, the performance of Web Service leads to deterioration because the number of processing User Access Logs is increasing rapidly. To solve this problem, we should improve the system performance, or tuning is needed, but it makes a problem cost a lot of money. Also, after it happens, it is not necessary to build such system by spending extra money. Therefore, this paper described the effective Web Service's performance as using improved User Access Log performance. Also, to process the newest data in bulk, this paper includes a method applying some parts of NoSQL using Redis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

Alternate alternating current (AAC) is used in nuclear power plants (NPPs) in order to cope with station black outs (SBOs). AAC has been provided using diesel engine drive types in Korea's NPPs. The structure of gas turbine generators (GTGs) is simpler than that of diesel generators (DGs), and GTGs have the advantage of longer maintenance intervals. However, GTG-AAC was not used in NPPs in Korea because of the lack of operation/maintenance experience. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the safety of APR+ considering a diversity of AAC types. This paper analyzes reliability data, mechanical specifications of DGs and GTGs, and the sensitivity of core damage frequency to the ACC type.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.299-311
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• 2019

Decommissioning is a critical issue in Korea. Although compared with the operation of nuclear power plants the release of radioactive materials during decommissioning is not expected to be significant, residents should always be protected from radiation exposure. To manage this effectively, Annual Release Objectives (ARO) and Annual Release Limits (ARL) were derived from dose standards in the NSSC Notice and dose limit for the public. Based on meteorological data for the three years from 2008 to 2010 in the Shin Kori nuclear power plant site, atmospheric dispersion and ground deposition factors of gaseous effluent were evaluated using the XOQDOQ computer code. The exposure dose was evaluated using the ENDOS-G computer code. Because of differences in radiological sensitivity according to age groups, the results of Annual Release Objectives (ARO) and Annual Release Limits (ARL) showed significant differences depending on the radionuclides. The evaluation methodology of this study will provide meaningful information for radioactive effluent management for decommissioning of nuclear power plants.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2021

This paper proposes an assessment method using probability-based index for safe and successful underwater docking of autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs) to the docking stations(DSs). The proposed method assesses the probability of docking according to the degree to which the state of the AUV is consistent with the state criteria for docking. The assessment is performed within a specific area considering the kinematic constraints and docking plans of the AUV. The assessment process is defining probability density function, calculating probabilities for reaching the docking station according to the difference to position and heading criteria, and computing the probability-based index in real-time. We verify the validity of the proposed method through analyzing the data acquired on operation test.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.189-203
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to build a GIS database that can utilized to provide a multi-dimensional analysis of aquatic health ecosystem. Especially, it was to build a GIS database for comprehensive analysis using the aquatic ecosystem health. So we collected data on aquatic ecosystem health assessment, Korea Reach File(KRF), Stream Naturalness and Water Environmental Information System, and detailed analysis of the collected data was performed. In addition, the core objects were extracted from individual data and a related entity was derived by pulling out the items associated with thematic characteristics and classifying them. The establishment of GIS database makes it possible to support the decision making for the user to quickly understand the information of water environment. Therefore, the database will provide the information for the effective management on water environment.