• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.5_spc
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• pp.99-116
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• 2006

This paper discuss adolescent's a quality of life related with risk behavior. The purpose of this study investigate to influence on risk behavior(runaway, smoking, sexual behavior) of the protective factors that moderate adolescent's problem behavior(delinquency). The assumption of this study that the protective factors counterbalance the negative influence of risk factors and finally, diminish a the problem behavior including a delinquent. A total of 1,020 students of a vocational high schook and a 216 adolescents of a special groups(the public institution that consisted with a delinquent young man) completed the questionnaires(risk behavior, 5 protective factors) of compiled by this researcher. The protective factors have selected based on the various prior studies analyzed with adolescent's risk behavior a family functioning, a father(a mother) each and child communication, a self efficacy, and a social support. Statistics appled for the data analysis are Chisqure analysis, two-way ANOVA, and Standard Discrimination analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the special group is higher than the general group in the rate of runaway, smoking, and sexual deviant behavior. Second, the protective factors are not action in the special group have experienced delinquency, but are only action in the general group consisted with the students of a vocational high schools. This means that the protective factors discriminating the participation of the risk behaviors, and blocking out the intervention of a problem behavior in the general adolescents. Although each protective factor influence to different according to each risk behavior, a role of a parent-child communication, a family functioning, and self-efficacy high orderly. Finally, discussed based on the previous studies that the protective factors moderate the negative influence of risk factors, offset the connection between a risk behavior and a. problem behavior, and improve and a resilience and the quality of life of the adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.472-489
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• 2023

This study was conducted to derive the optimal estimation equations for deriving the green and dry weights of Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch) and Pinus rigida (Rigida pine), which are major coniferous tree species in South Korea. The equations were then used to develop weight tables. Table development began with the sampling of 150 L. kaempferi and 90 P. rigida trees distributed throughout the national scale, after which green weights were measured on-site. Samples from each stand were then collected, and their dry weights were measured in a laboratory. The equation used to calculate green and dry weights was divided into a one-variable formula that uses only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and a two-variable equation that employs DBH and height. The equations used to estimate the green and dry weights of logs were divided into one- and two-variable equations using DBH. Statistical data, such as the fitness index (FI), root mean square error, standard error of estimation, and residual diagram, were used to verify the suitability of the estimation equations. Applicability was examined by calculating weights using the derived optimal equations. The equation W = bD+cD² was used in measurements involving only DBH, whereas the equation W = aD^bH^c was employed in cases involving both diameter and height at breast height. The FI of W = bD+cD² was 0.91, while that of W = aD^bH^c was 0.95, both of which are high values. With these estimation formulas, weight tables for the green and dry weights of L. kaempferi and P. rigida were prepared and compared with weight tables created 20 years ago. The green and dry weight tables of both species were larger.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 2023

Forest fires are becoming more frequent and larger around the world due to climate change. Remote sensing such as satellite images can be used as an alternative or assistance data because it reduces various difficulties of field survey. Forest burn severity (differenced normalized burn ratio, dNBR) is calculated through the difference in normalized burn ratio (NBR) before and after a forest fire. The images used in the NBR formula are based on Landsat's near-infrared (NIR) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) bands. South Korea's satellite images don't have a SWIR band. So domestic studies related to forest burn severity calculated dNBR using overseas images or indirectly using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using South Korea's satellite images. Therefore, in this study, dNBR was calculated by substituting the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) band of Kompsat-3A (K3A) instead of the SWIR band in the NBR formula. The results were compared with the dNBR results obtained through Landsat which is the standard for dNBR formula. As a result, it was shown that dNBR using K3A's MWIR band has a wider range of values and can be expressed in more detail than dNBR using Landsat's SWIR band. Therefore, it is considered that K3A images will be highly useful in surveying burn areas and severity affected by forest fires. In addition, this study used the K3A's MWIR band images degraded to 30 m. It is considered that much better results will be obtained if a higher-resolution MWIR band is used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1171-1178
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• 2023

In study, we investigated changes on growth and chlorophyll concentration on sprouted barley by fractionated X-ray irradiation (FXI). Group was divided into the control group (CG), 1-time irradiation group (30 Gy once), 2-time irradiation group (15 Gy 2 times), and 3-time irradiation group (10 Gy 3 times), and 20 grains were used per group. Experimental group (EG) was exposed by using linear accelerator (Clinac IS, VERIAN, USA), by 6 MV X-ray, SSD 100 cm, 18×10 cm², 600 MU/min. Length was measured every day until 9th day, and chlorophyl was analyzed using spectrophotometer(uv-1800, shimadzu, japan) in 9th day. Data analysis was performed the One-way ANOVA using SPSS ver 26.0(Chicago, IL, USA). In the pre-germination irradiation group (Pre-GIG), the CG had greater length than the EG on all measurement days, and as the number of FXI increased, the length became shorter. In the post-germination irradiation group (Post-GIG), the length of the CG was statistically significantly greater than that of the EG on all measurement days, and as the number of FXI increased, the length also became longer. The chlorophyll concentration was higher in the Post-GIG than in the Pre-GIG, and chlorophyll concentrations of EG was higher in the Pre-GIG than in the CG, as well as and Post-GIG. In addition, the smaller the number of FXI, the higher the chlorophyll concentration in both groups. FXI was found to affect the growth and chlorophyll concentration of sprouted barley.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.697-703
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• 2023

As a part of the global industrial efforts to reduce environmental pollution owing to air pollution, regulations have been established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The IMO has implemented various regulations such as EEXI, EEDI, and CII to reduce air pollution emissions from ships. They are also promoting measures to decrease the power consumption in ships, aiming to conserve energy. Most of the power used in ships is consumed by electric motors. Among the motors installed on ships, the engine room blower that takes up a significant load, operates at a constant irrespective of demand. Therefore, energy savings can be expected through frequency control. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of energy savings by controlling the frequency of the electric motor of the generator blower that supplies combustion air to the generator's turbocharger. The system was modeled based on the output data of the turboharger outlet temperature in response to the blower frequency inpu. A PI control system was established to control the frequency with the target being the turbocharger outlet temperature. By maintaining the turbocharger design standard outlet temperature and controlling the blower frequency, we achieved an annual energy saving of 15,552kW in power consumption. The effectiveness of energy savings through frequency control of blower fans was verified during the summer (April to September) and winter (March to October) periods. Based on this, we achieved annual fuel cost savings of 6,091 thousand won and reduction of 8.5 tons of carbon dioxide, 2.4 kg of SOx, and 7.8 kg of NOx air pollutants on the training ship.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.319-331
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• 2023

Aminoglycoside antibiotics, also known as aminoglycosides (AGs), are veterinary drugs effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Owing to their recent use in cultured meats, it has become essential to establish an analytical method for safety management. AGs are highly polar compounds, and ion-pair reagents (IPRs) are used to ensure component separation. Owing to the high possibility of potential mechanical problems resulting from IPR addition to the mobile phase, an analytical method in which IPRs are added directly to the vial was explored. In this study, methods for analyzing 10 AGs via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the addition of two IPRs were validated for selectivity, detection limit, quantitation limit, recovery, and precision. The detection limit was 0.0001-0.0038 mg/kg, the quantification limit was 0.004-0.011 mg/kg, and the linearity (R²) within the concentration range of 0.01-0.5 mg/kg was over 0.99. Recovery and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) evaluated in the two matrices (beef and cell culture media) ranged from 70.7% to 120.6% and 0.2% to 24.7%, respectively. The validated AG analytical method was then applied to 15 meats prepared from chicken, beef, and pork, and 6 culture media and additives used in cultured meat. No AGs were detected in any of the 15 meats distributed in Korea; however, streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin were detected at levels ranging from 695.85 to 1152.71 mg/kg and 6.35 to 11.11 mg/kg, respectively, in the culture media additives. The LC-MS/MS method coupled with direct addition of IPRs to the vial can provide useful basic data for AG analysis and safety evaluation of meats as well as culture media and additives for cultured meats.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.124-132
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• 2006

We have investigated morphological development with growth and survival rates of juvenile for 158 days after parturition to get a basis data in the way of establishment of breeding techniques in the common seahorse species of Barbour's seahorse, Hippocampus barbouri. At 1 day after parturition, seahorse larvae were $8.82\sim10.36mm(mean\;9.48{\pm}0.69mm,\;n=4)$ in standard length (SL) with 17 dorsal fm rays, 14 pectoral fin rays and 4 anal fin rays. At 20 days after parturition, the size of seahorse larvae were $14.37\sim15.79mm(14.97{\pm}0.62mm,\;n=4)$ in SL, snout of seahorse larvae became slender was long, and body was coloration to the full as adult seahorse. At 41 days after parturition, seahorse larvae were grew $20.14\sim24.89mm(22.89{\pm}2.22mm,\;n=4)$ in SL with development of several spines in coronet, and their have 11 trunk rings and 35 tail rings. At 158 days after parturition, seahorse were grew to $59.07\sim63.76mm(61.42{\pm}3.32mm\;n=2)$, and head length (HL), trunk length (TrL) and tail length (TaL) were composed respectively $19.1{\pm}0.3%,\;25.2{\pm}0.7%$ and $55.8{\pm}0.3%$ of SL. In this time, survival rate is 15.6%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2024

While the government policy to fully adopt BIM in the construction sector is being implemented, the construction and utilization of landscape BIM models are facing challenges due to problems such as limitations in BIM authoring tools, difficulties in modeling natural materials, and a shortage in BIM content including libraries. In particular, plants, fundamental design elements in the field of landscape architecture, must be included in BIM models, yet they are often omitted during the modeling process, or necessary information is not included, which further compromises the quality of the BIM data. This study aimed to contribute to the construction and utilization of landscape BIM models by developing a plant library that complies with BIM standards and is applicable to the landscape industry. The plant library of trees and shrubs was developed in Revit by modeling 3D shapes and collecting attribute items. The geometric information is simplified to express the unique characteristics of each plant species at LOD200, LOD300, and LOD350 levels. The attribute information includes properties on plant species identification, such as species name, specifications, and quantity estimation, as well as ecological attributes and environmental performance information, totaling 24 items. The names of the files were given so that the hierarchy of an object in the landscape field could be revealed and the object name could classify the plant itself. Its usability was examined by building a landscape BIM model of an apartment complex. The result showed that the plant library facilitated the construction process of the landscape BIM model. It was also confirmed that the library was properly operated in the basic utilization of the BIM model, such as 2D documentation, quantity takeoff, and design review. However, the library lacked ground cover, and had limitations in those variables such as the environmental performance of plants because various databases for some materials have not yet been established. Further efforts are needed to develop BIM modeling tools, techniques, and various databases for natural materials. Moreover, entities and systems responsible for creating, managing, distributing, and disseminating BIM libraries must be established.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.25-43
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• 2024

The rapid advancement of the 4th Industrial Revolution and the ongoing effects of COVID-19 significantly accelerated the adoption of smart work practices, especially in the financial sector. This study aimed to empirically investigate the impact of smart work on job satisfaction among employees in this industry. Specifically, the study examined the effects of time flexibility and workplace flexibility (as quantitative elements of smart work) and work autonomy (as a qualitative element) on job satisfaction. Additionally, the study explored the impact of technostress factors, including techno-overload, techno-invasion, and techno-complexity. Using data from 250 valid survey responses collected from financial sector employees, the study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS to analyze the relationships. The findings revealed that time flexibility and work autonomy positively influenced job satisfaction, with work autonomy being the most significant predictor. Conversely, techno-overload and techno-invasion negatively affected job satisfaction. However, workplace flexibility and techno-complexity did not show a significant relationship with job satisfaction, possibly due to the already established norms in the financial sector, where remote work and high-level technology usage were standard practices. A critical aspect of the study was the examination of work-life balance as a mediating factor. The analysis confirmed that work-life balance mediated the relationship between work autonomy, techno-overload, techno-invasion, and job satisfaction. This suggested that maintaining a balance between work and personal life was crucial for enhancing job satisfaction in smart work environments, particularly in the financial sector. Effective management of technostress was essential to preserving this balance and improving overall employee satisfaction. These findings contributed to the academic understanding of how smart work practices and technostress impacted job satisfaction. They offered practical insights for financial sector organizations seeking to optimize smart work environments by emphasizing the importance of work-life balance and carefully managing technostress factors.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-81
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• 2009

Food waste has been actively used as a composting material in order to reduce the environmental pollution load and to enhance the recycling of resources. In this study, the longterm effects of continuous application of food waste compost to soils on both the crop production and the soil properties were examined to ensure the safety of food waste compost in agricultural use. In addition, we collected the preliminary data for establishing standard application rate of food waste compost for agricultural utilization. Based on conventional nitrogen application rate of chemical fertilizer for crop cultivation, pig manure compost $(24g\;N\;kg^{-1}$, $8g\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$, and $10.4g\;K_2O\;kg^{-1})$ and food waste compost ($20g\;N\;kg^{-1}$, $20.1g\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$, and $6.5g\;K_2O\;kg^{-1}$) were applied to the upland soil in $2{\times}2{\times}2m$ lysimeter in which lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis), red pepper (Capsicum annuum), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were grown continuously. The crops grown in soils to which food waste compost applied showed better growth responses than the control, whereas some variations were observed in the crops grown in chemical fertilizer treated soils. Continuous application of food waste compost increased the contents of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which resulted in improving soil aeration.