• Title/Summary/Keyword: Data manipulation

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Sarijang Enhances Maturation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells (사리장 처리에 의한 수지상세포의 성숙 유도)

  • Jin, Cheng-Yun;Han, Min-Ho;Park, Cheol;Hwang, Hye-Jin;Choi, Eun-A;Choi, Yung-Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.1789-1794
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    • 2011
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells playing key roles in immune sentinels as initiators of T-cell responses against microbial pathogens and tumors. Sarijang, a folk sauce containing extracts of Rhynchosia nulubilis, Ulmus davidiana roots, Allium sativum, and Rhus Verniaiflura bark, has been used as a nonspecific immunostimulant for cancer patients. However, little is known about its immunomodulating effects or their mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether sarijang induces phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. For this study, murine bone marrow-derived myeloid DCs were cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the generated immature DCs were stimulated with sarijang or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data indicated that sarijang significantly enhanced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) as well as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, as did LPS. The results provide new insight into the immunopharmacology of sarijang and suggest a novel approach to the manipulation of DC for therapeutic application.

Short-term Nutrient Enrichment Bioassays (NEBs) by Manipulation of TN:TP Ratios and the Response of Primary Productivity (as Chlorophyll-a) (N:P Ratio 조절에 의한 단기 영양염 첨가 바이오에세이(NEBs) 및 1차 생산력(엽록소-a)의 반응성 테스트)

  • Jeong, Da-Bin;An, Kwang-Guk
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.383-392
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effects of N:P ratio on primary productivity measured as chlorophyll-a (CHL) using the approach of In Situ Nutrient Enrichment Bioassays (NEBs) in Daechung Reservoir. The effects of NEBs on the N:P mass ratios were compared with the field data obtained from monthly-chemical monitoring during 2009~2012. The short-term NEBs showed that the response of primary productivity in the phosphorus spiked treatments (5, 15, 20 and 30 N:P ratios) were greater than the responses in the control (C) and nitrogen spiked treatment (N:P ratio=150, $T_{VI}$). The response in the nitrogen treatment (N:P ratio=150, $T_{VI}$) was less compared to control and all five treatments ($T_I{\sim}T_{VI}$). The outcomes of the NEBs suggest that phosphorus limited the phytoplankton growth and nitrogen addition inhibited the algal growth. In the analysis of nutrients and CHL from the ambient epilimnetic water in Daechung Reservoir, minimum N:P ratios resulted in maximum concentrations of CHL. Overall, our results suggest that the N:P ratio was the key factor in regulating the phytoplankton growth in NEB experiments.

Nobiletin attenuates neurotoxic mitochondrial calcium overload through K+ influx and ∆Ψm across mitochondrial inner membrane

  • Lee, Ji Hyung;Amarsanaa, Khulan;Wu, Jinji;Jeon, Sang-Chan;Cui, Yanji;Jung, Sung-Cherl;Park, Deok-Bae;Kim, Se-Jae;Han, Sang-Heon;Kim, Hyun-Wook;Rhyu, Im Joo;Eun, Su-Yong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2018
  • Mitochondrial calcium overload is a crucial event in determining the fate of neuronal cell survival and death, implicated in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the driving forces of calcium influx into mitochondria is mitochondria membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}_m$). Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ can be a promising strategy to prevent neuronal cell death against brain insults. Based on these issues, we investigated here whether nobiletin, a Citrus polymethoxylated flavone, prevents neurotoxic neuronal calcium overload and cell death via regulating basal ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ against neuronal insult in primary cortical neurons and pure brain mitochondria isolated from rat cortices. Results demonstrated that nobiletin treatment significantly increased cell viability against glutamate toxicity ($100{\mu}M$, 20 min) in primary cortical neurons. Real-time imaging-based fluorometry data reveal that nobiletin evokes partial mitochondrial depolarization in these neurons. Nobiletin markedly attenuated mitochondrial calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in glutamate ($100{\mu}M$)-stimulated cortical neurons and isolated pure mitochondria exposed to high concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ($5{\mu}M$). Nobiletin-induced partial mitochondrial depolarization in intact neurons was confirmed in isolated brain mitochondria using a fluorescence microplate reader. Nobiletin effects on basal ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ were completely abolished in $K^+-free$ medium on pure isolated mitochondria. Taken together, results demonstrate that $K^+$ influx into mitochondria is critically involved in partial mitochondrial depolarization-related neuroprotective effect of nobiletin. Nobiletin-induced mitochondrial $K^+$ influx is probably mediated, at least in part, by activation of mitochondrial $K^+$ channels. However, further detailed studies should be conducted to determine exact molecular targets of nobiletin in mitochondria.

A News Video Mining based on Multi-modal Approach and Text Mining (멀티모달 방법론과 텍스트 마이닝 기반의 뉴스 비디오 마이닝)

  • Lee, Han-Sung;Im, Young-Hee;Yu, Jae-Hak;Oh, Seung-Geun;Park, Dai-Hee
    • Journal of KIISE:Databases
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2010
  • With rapid growth of information and computer communication technologies, the numbers of digital documents including multimedia data have been recently exploded. In particular, news video database and news video mining have became the subject of extensive research, to develop effective and efficient tools for manipulation and analysis of news videos, because of their information richness. However, many research focus on browsing, retrieval and summarization of news videos. Up to date, it is a relatively early state to discover and to analyse the plentiful latent semantic knowledge from news videos. In this paper, we propose the news video mining system based on multi-modal approach and text mining, which uses the visual-textual information of news video clips and their scripts. The proposed system systematically constructs a taxonomy of news video stories in automatic manner with hierarchical clustering algorithm which is one of text mining methods. Then, it multilaterally analyzes the topics of news video stories by means of time-cluster trend graph, weighted cluster growth index, and network analysis. To clarify the validity of our approach, we analyzed the news videos on "The Second Summit of South and North Korea in 2007".

The Influence of Artwork-provoked Response Types on Art Infusion Effect (명화가 유발하는 반응유형이 명화주입효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Bohee;Bae, Jungho
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - Recently, many theoretical researches suggested that arts-based marketing strategies provide many benefits for marketers to differentiate their brand or product from others. However, there has been little research focusing on consumers' response types from artwork (artifact-emotion appraisal; A-emotion vs. represented world-emotion appraisal; R-emotion). In order to deepen our understanding of arts-based marketing strategies, we addressed a research question related to how artwork-provoked consumers' emotional response can impact the perceived evaluation of art infused products. Research design, data, and methodology - To answer the research question, we conducted a pretest and one experimental study. The experimental study was 2(art-provoked response type: A-emotion vs. R-emotion) by 2(emotional valence: positive vs. negative) by 2(produce type: hedonic vs. utilitarian) mixed design. The art-provoked response type and emotional valence were between-subject design and product type was within subject design. For the experimental study, 108 undergraduate students and graduate students were randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions (A-emotion-positive, A-emotion-negative, R-emotion-positive, R-emotion-negative). Participants reported their evaluation of art-infused product and other items for a manipulation check. Results - The major results from the experimental study are as follow. First, participant's art-provoked response type influenced evaluation of art infused products differently. More specifically, the effect of emotional valence of artwork on product evaluation was not significant in A-emotion. However, in R-emotion, relative to the product with artwork provoked negative emotional valence, the product with artwork provoked positive emotional valence elicited significantly higher product evaluation. Second, product type also affected the art infusion effect significantly. Particularly, the differential effect of participant's art-provoked response type on product evaluation revealed when it is for a utilitarian product, but not for a hedonic product. Conclusions - Theoretically, the findings of this study expand academic research on art infusion. And the findings also can be extrapolated to generate lots of implication for marketers. In sum, when they plan art marketing strategies to build the favorable relationship with their customers, they need to consider customers' response type of an infused art and product type.

Photoperiod manipulation in controlling growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum (일장조절이 국화의 생장과 개화에 미치는 효과)

  • Suh, Jeung Keun;Kim, Ji Hee;Lee, Ae Kyung
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 2010
  • In Chrysanthemum ${\times}$ morifolium, 30 days of continuous short days (SD) are required for flowering. The effects of alternating short day (SD) - long day (LD) - SD treatments was tested in 5 daisy-like single cultivars, 'Limelight', 'Sunlight', 'Candle Light', 'Firebrand', and 'Twilight', Thee other decorative type cultivars, 'Spirit', 'SunburstSpriit', 'Mandalay', and 'Illini Harvest' was also included. Short day treatment was given for 30 days (control: 30SD) and 5 or 10 LD were interposed following 5 or 10 SD. Different responses were noticed when data from all cultivars were combined, showing that flowering was delayed and the number of ray florets were increased by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD. The number of ray florets, 40 florets in 'Firebrand' and 60.8 florets in 'Candlelight' was increased significantly by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD as compared to the control. There were no adverse effects by SD-LD-SD treatment, except for the delay in flowering time from 6 to 7 days. The number of ray florets in 'Illini Harvest' and 'Limelight' were, however, not increased by any SD-LD-SD treatments. Cultivar dependent responses should further be investigated in other newly available cultivars, and this information could be used to breed new cultivars.

The Influence of Attractiveness and Match-Up of Model on Brand Attitude and Purchase Intention of Franchise Brands (프랜차이즈 브랜드에서 모델의 매력성 및 적합성이 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Byung-Ok;Heo, Jeong-Moo;Lee, Dong-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.7-19
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    • 2017
  • Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of model attractiveness on brand attitude and purchase intention, and examine whether product-model match-up plays a moderating role in the relationship between model attractiveness and brand attitude and purchase intention. The model attractiveness is consist of psychological and physical attractiveness of the model. The authors investigate how product-model match-up influence the strength of the relationship between model attractiveness - brand attitude and purchase intention. The purpose of this is to test whether product-model match-up influence the form and effectiveness of a model attractiveness on brand attitude and purchase intention and suggest the effective and efficient methods in the model selection strategies to increase advertising effectiveness based on the results of this study. Research design, data, and methodology - The experimental design for this study was the between subject design based on 2 group of the psychological attractiveness(high vs. low) × product-model match-up(high vs low) and 2 group of the physical attractiveness(high vs. low) × product-model match-up(high vs low). And a preliminary investigation was conducted to develop experimental stimuli through manipulation check to enhance the external validity of experimental research. The attractiveness of the model and product-model match-up are independent variables and manipulative variables in presentation of experimental stimuli. The self-administered methode experiment was conducted on 300 subjects in four groups constructed according to the independent variables. Result - The findings provide partial support for a moderator for product-model match-up on the model attractiveness - brand attitude and purchase intention. First, the influence of psychological attractiveness and physical attractiveness on brand attitude and purchase intention was shown significant. Also, it was found that the average value of brand attitude and purchase intention according to psychological attractiveness was significantly higher than the average value of brand attitude and purchase intention according to physical attractiveness in additional analysis. Second, the average value of brand attitude and purchase intention were higher when product - model match-up was high in both high and low psychological attractiveness and physical attractiveness of the model. However, in the case of psychological attractiveness, the correlation effect with product - model match-up was significant, but in the case of physical attractiveness, it was not significant. Conclusions - The results of this study suggest that the attractiveness factor should be considered in selecting the ad model by verifying the effect of the attractiveness of the model on the advertising effect. In particular, this study has great significance both academically and practically in terms of suggesting such implications that the advertising effect of psychological attractiveness and physical attractiveness may be different depending on the product type by additional analysis.

Assessing the Necessity of Extra Reduction Aides in Intramedullary Nailing of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

  • John W. Yurek;Nikki A. Doerr;Alex Tang;Adam S. Kohring;Frank A. Liporace;Richard S. Yoon
    • Hip & pelvis
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.183-192
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study aims to determine which intertrochanteric (IT) hip fracture and patient characteristics predict the necessity for adjunct reduction aides prior to prep and drape aiming for a more efficient surgery. Materials and Methods: Institutional fracture registries from two academic medical centers from 2017-2022 were analyzed. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, fracture patterns identified on radiographs including displacement of the lesser trochanter (LT), thin lateral wall (LW), reverse obliquity (RO), subtrochanteric extension (STE), and number of fracture parts were collected, and the need for additional aides following traction on fracture table were collected. Fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification. Regression analyses identified significant risk factors for needing extra reduction aides. Results: Of the 166 patients included, the average age was 80.84±12.7 years and BMI was 24.37±5.3 kg/m2. Univariate regression revealed increased irreducibility risk associated with RO (odds ratio [OR] 27.917, P≤0.001), LW (OR 24.882, P<0.001), and STE (OR 5.255, P=0.005). Multivariate analysis significantly correlated RO (OR 120.74, P<0.001) and thin LW (OR 131.14, P<0.001) with increased risk. However, STE (P=0.36) and LT displacement (P=0.77) weren't significant. Fracture types 2.2, 3.2, and 3.3 displayed elevated risk (P<0.001), while no other factors increased risk. Conclusion: Elderly patients with IT fractures with RO and/or thin LW are at higher risk of irreducibility, necessitating adjunct reduction aides. Other parameters showed no significant association, suggesting most fracture patterns can be achieved with traction manipulation alone.

Visualizing the Results of Opinion Mining from Social Media Contents: Case Study of a Noodle Company (소셜미디어 콘텐츠의 오피니언 마이닝결과 시각화: N라면 사례 분석 연구)

  • Kim, Yoosin;Kwon, Do Young;Jeong, Seung Ryul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.89-105
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    • 2014
  • After emergence of Internet, social media with highly interactive Web 2.0 applications has provided very user friendly means for consumers and companies to communicate with each other. Users have routinely published contents involving their opinions and interests in social media such as blogs, forums, chatting rooms, and discussion boards, and the contents are released real-time in the Internet. For that reason, many researchers and marketers regard social media contents as the source of information for business analytics to develop business insights, and many studies have reported results on mining business intelligence from Social media content. In particular, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, as a technique to extract, classify, understand, and assess the opinions implicit in text contents, are frequently applied into social media content analysis because it emphasizes determining sentiment polarity and extracting authors' opinions. A number of frameworks, methods, techniques and tools have been presented by these researchers. However, we have found some weaknesses from their methods which are often technically complicated and are not sufficiently user-friendly for helping business decisions and planning. In this study, we attempted to formulate a more comprehensive and practical approach to conduct opinion mining with visual deliverables. First, we described the entire cycle of practical opinion mining using Social media content from the initial data gathering stage to the final presentation session. Our proposed approach to opinion mining consists of four phases: collecting, qualifying, analyzing, and visualizing. In the first phase, analysts have to choose target social media. Each target media requires different ways for analysts to gain access. There are open-API, searching tools, DB2DB interface, purchasing contents, and so son. Second phase is pre-processing to generate useful materials for meaningful analysis. If we do not remove garbage data, results of social media analysis will not provide meaningful and useful business insights. To clean social media data, natural language processing techniques should be applied. The next step is the opinion mining phase where the cleansed social media content set is to be analyzed. The qualified data set includes not only user-generated contents but also content identification information such as creation date, author name, user id, content id, hit counts, review or reply, favorite, etc. Depending on the purpose of the analysis, researchers or data analysts can select a suitable mining tool. Topic extraction and buzz analysis are usually related to market trends analysis, while sentiment analysis is utilized to conduct reputation analysis. There are also various applications, such as stock prediction, product recommendation, sales forecasting, and so on. The last phase is visualization and presentation of analysis results. The major focus and purpose of this phase are to explain results of analysis and help users to comprehend its meaning. Therefore, to the extent possible, deliverables from this phase should be made simple, clear and easy to understand, rather than complex and flashy. To illustrate our approach, we conducted a case study on a leading Korean instant noodle company. We targeted the leading company, NS Food, with 66.5% of market share; the firm has kept No. 1 position in the Korean "Ramen" business for several decades. We collected a total of 11,869 pieces of contents including blogs, forum contents and news articles. After collecting social media content data, we generated instant noodle business specific language resources for data manipulation and analysis using natural language processing. In addition, we tried to classify contents in more detail categories such as marketing features, environment, reputation, etc. In those phase, we used free ware software programs such as TM, KoNLP, ggplot2 and plyr packages in R project. As the result, we presented several useful visualization outputs like domain specific lexicons, volume and sentiment graphs, topic word cloud, heat maps, valence tree map, and other visualized images to provide vivid, full-colored examples using open library software packages of the R project. Business actors can quickly detect areas by a swift glance that are weak, strong, positive, negative, quiet or loud. Heat map is able to explain movement of sentiment or volume in categories and time matrix which shows density of color on time periods. Valence tree map, one of the most comprehensive and holistic visualization models, should be very helpful for analysts and decision makers to quickly understand the "big picture" business situation with a hierarchical structure since tree-map can present buzz volume and sentiment with a visualized result in a certain period. This case study offers real-world business insights from market sensing which would demonstrate to practical-minded business users how they can use these types of results for timely decision making in response to on-going changes in the market. We believe our approach can provide practical and reliable guide to opinion mining with visualized results that are immediately useful, not just in food industry but in other industries as well.

Analysis of Global Gene Expression Profile of Human Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultured with Cancer Cells (암세포주와 공동 배양된 인간 지방 조직 유래 중간엽 줄기 세포의 유전자 발현 분석)

  • Kim, Jong-Myung;Yu, Ji-Min;Bae, Yong-Chan;Jung, Jin-Sup
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.631-646
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    • 2011
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent and can be isolated from diverse human tissues including bone marrow, fat, placenta, dental pulp, synovium, tonsil, and the thymus. They function as regulators of tissue homeostasis. Because of their various advantages such as plasticity, easy isolation and manipulation, chemotaxis to cancer, and immune regulatory function, MSCs have been considered to be a potent cell source for regenerative medicine, cancer treatment and other cell based therapy such as GVHD. However, relating to its supportive feature for surrounding cell and tissue, it has been frequently reported that MSCs accelerate tumor growth by modulating cancer microenvironment through promoting angiogenesis, secreting growth factors, and suppressing anti-tumorigenic immune reaction. Thus, clinical application of MSCs has been limited. To understand the underlying mechanism which modulates MSCs to function as tumor supportive cells, we co-cultured human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) with cancer cell lines H460 and U87MG. Then, expression data of ASCs co-cultured with cancer cells and cultured alone were obtained via microarray. Comparative expression analysis was carried out using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) and PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) in divers aspects including biological process, molecular function, cellular component, protein class, disease, tissue expression, and signal pathway. We found that cancer cells alter the expression profile of MSCs to cancer associated fibroblast like cells by modulating its energy metabolism, stemness, cell structure components, and paracrine effect in a variety of levels. These findings will improve the clinical efficacy and safety of MSCs based cell therapy.