• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to testify effectiveness and adaptability of the job characteristics model in nursing organization. Methods: The subjects of this study were 250 nurses who were working in the 2 general hospitals located in Metropolitan city area. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: The modified path model revealed a highly fitness of the data in the overall fitness indexes. The prediction power of modified model was from 44% to 58%, which was very high. The highest predict factors of organizational commitment were identified meaning of empowerment and feedback of job characteristics. The highest predict factors of job satisfaction were identified impact of empowerment and autonomy of job characteristics. Conclusion: With these findings, it was suggested that the nursing job-redesign plan focused on nursing feedback and autonomy among the job characteristics was needed to increase the nurse’ empowerment as well as nursing organizational effectiveness.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2023

Purpose - By designing a PEF(Personalized Education Feedback) system for real-time prediction of learning achievement and motivation through real-time EEG analysis of learners, this system provides some modules of a personalized adaptive learning system. By applying these modules to e-learning and offline learning, they motivate learners and improve the quality of learning progress and effective learning outcomes can be achieved for immersive self-directed learning Research design, data, and methodology - EEG data were collected simultaneously as the English test was given to the experimenters, and the correlation between the correct answer result and the EEG data was learned with a machine learning algorithm and the predictive model was evaluated.. Result - In model performance evaluation, both artificial neural networks(ANNs) and support vector machines(SVMs) showed high accuracy of more than 91%. Conclusion - This research provides some modules of personalized adaptive learning systems that can more efficiently complete by designing a PEF system for real-time learning achievement prediction and learning motivation through an adaptive learning system based on real-time EEG analysis of learners. The implication of this initial research is to verify hypothetical situations for the development of an adaptive learning system through EEG analysis-based learning achievement prediction.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2023

Today 55 percent of the population in the world lives in urban areas which is expected to increase to 68 percent by the year 2050. In the cities, high-rise buildings as symbols of the modern cityscape are dominating the skylines, but the data to demonstrate their embodied energy and environmental impacts are scarce, compared to low- or mid-rise buildings. Reducing the embodied energy and environmental impacts of buildings is critical as about 42 percent of primary energy use and 39 percent of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions come from the building sector. However, it is an overlooked area in embodied energy and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to quantify the embodied energy and environmental impacts of the building sector. LCA combined with Building Information Modeling (BIM) can simplify data acquisition of the building as well as provide both tools with feedback. Several studies recognize that the integration of BIM and LCA can simplify data acquisition of the building as well as provide tools with feedback. This article provides an overview of literature on BIM-based of embodied energy and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings. It also compares with different LCA methodologies. Finally, major strategies to reduce embodied energy and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings, research limitations and trends in the field are covered.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2019

Low power issue is one of the most critical problems in the Internet of Things (IoT), which are powered by battery. To solve this problem, various approaches have been presented so far. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the power consumption by reducing the numbers of accesses into the flash memory consuming a large amount of power for on-chip software execution. Our approach is based on using cooperative logging structure to distribute the sampling overhead in single sensor node to adjacent nodes in case of rare-event applications. The proposed algorithm to identify event occurrence is newly introduced with negative feedback method by observing difference between past data and recent data coming from the sensor. When an event with need of flash access is determined, the proposed approach only allows access to write the sampled data in flash memory. The proposed event detection algorithm (EDA) result in 30% reduction of power consumption compared to the conventional flash write scheme for all cases of event. The sampled data from the sensor is first traced into the random access memory (RAM), and write access to the flash memory is delayed until the page buffer of the on-chip flash memory controller in the micro controller unit (MCU) is full of the numbers of the traced data, thereby reducing the frequency of accessing flash memory. This technique additionally reduces power consumption by 40% compared to flash-write all data. By sharing the sampling information via LoRa channel, the overhead in sampling data is distributed, to reduce the sampling load on each node, so that the 66% reduction of total power consumption is achieved in several IoT edge nodes by removing the sampling operation of duplicated data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations and analyze the mediation effect that exists between the feedback types by professors of university physical education and self-efficacy and sports continuance. The sampling method was used to survey physical education university students from three different universities located in the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area. 309 samples were ultimately selected as valid samples. Data processing was carried out by using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The fidelity of the whole model was assessed through this process and then the theory was tested. The results were as follows. Firstly, if the perceived feedbacks by the professor were complimentary/encouragement and performance knowledge/positive nonverbal feedbacks it had a positive effect. Negative nonverbal perceived feedback had a negative effect forecast. Secondly, complimentary/encouragement perceived feedbacks by the professor did not have a meaningful impact on sports continuance index. Performance knowledge/positive nonverbal feedback resulted in static effect while negative nonverbal feedback had a negative effect. Lastly, self-efficacy served a meaningful mediation role in the relation between negative nonverbal feedback by the professor and sports continuance.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

Differ from elder generation, active senior possesses the active characteristics of young people. In this research, the active senior users' UX problem was analyzed by Sundar's 'Interface Assessment'. According to Interface Assessment, the user's subjective user experience in GUI interactive can be divided into five elements, which are 'Visible', 'Desired Outcome', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', 'Perceived Ease of Use'. Based on these five elements, user's behavior and perception experience during interface using were analyzed to classify UX problems. Next, Correlation Analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between the elements of Interface Assessment and user's subjective experience using PSSUQ as comparing data, and SPSS 22 version as statistic software. The result of this research was presented below: First, active senior user's biggest UX problem can be classified with 'Desired Outcome' in App using. Second, the correlation between the two elements, 'Desired Outcome', 'Perceived Ease of Use', and the PSSUQ result was statistically significant, but the correlation between the other three elements, 'Visible', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', and the PSSUQ result were not statistically significant. According to the result, active senior users do have different characteristics compared with elder generation. The UX problems classified with 'Desired Outcome' and 'Perceived ease of use' apparently affect user's subjective experience, while the problems classified with 'Visible', 'Immediate feedback', 'Intuitiveness' show no evidence in affecting user's subjective experience. This phenomenon could be explained by the cumulative effects of PC or smartphone use. Through the analysis of multiple UX elements in this paper, better App interface could be developed according to active senior's needs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.3A
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

IEEE 802.11n standard provides a framework for new link adaptation. A station can request that another station provide a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) feedback, to fully exploit channel variations on a link. However, if the time elapsed between MCS feedback request and the data frame transmission using the MCS feedback becomes bigger, the previously received feedback information may be obsolete. In that case, the effectiveness of the feedback-based link adaptation is compromised. If a station can estimate how fast the channel quality to the target station changes, it can improve accuracy of the link adaptation. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, through a thorough NS-2 simulation, we show how the coherence time affects the performance of the MCS feedback based link adaptation of 802.11n networks. Second, this paper proposes an effective algorithm for coherence time estimation. Using Allan variance information statistic, a station estimates the coherence time of the receiving link. A proposed link adaptation scheme considering the coherence time can provide better performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.282-291
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• 2011

Adaptive modulation(AM) is an important technique to increase the system efficiency, in which transmitter selects the most suitable modulation mode adaptively according to channel state in the temporary and spatially varying communication environment. Fixed modulation on channels with varying signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is that the bit-errorrate(BER) probability performance is changing with the channel quality. An adaptive modulation scheme can be designed to have a BER which is constant for all channel SNRs. The correct as well as fast and simple SNR estimation is required essentially for this adaptive modulation. In order to operate adaptive modulation system effectively, in this paper, we analyze the effect of SNR estimation performance to it through the average BER and data throughput. Applying SNR estimation based on auto-correlation of decision feedback signal and others to adaptive modulation system, we also confirm performance degradation or improvement of its which is decided by SNR estimation error at each transition point of modulation level. Since SNR estimation based on auto-correlation of decision feedback signal shows stable estimation performance for various quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) comparatively, this can be reduced degradation than others at each transition point of modulation level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.99-107
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• 2021

To establish an effective performance appraisal system, ratee accountability is essential because it increases the likelihood of meaningful utilization of performance appraisal feedback. In the context of a multi-rater performance appraisal system, this study examines the effect of the ratee general accountability and accountability to the supervisor and peers on the ratee's intention to change behavior based on the performance appraisal feedback. This study further explored the moderating effect of perceived feedback specificity on the relationship between the ratee accountability and behavioral change intention. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted using the survey data from 153 employees in eight firms with multi-rater performance appraisal systems. The results showed that ratee general accountability was positively associated with the intention to change behavior. Furthermore, perceived feedback specificity attenuated the positive relationship between the ratee general accountability and behavioral change intention, which was the opposite of the hypothesized direction. The findings indicate the importance of managing and facilitating ratee accountability for implementing a multi-rater performance appraisal system. The result also emphasizes the critical role that performance appraisal feedback plays in motivating performance improvement by providing flexible, constructive advice and behavioral change strategies instead of inducing self-defense or justification.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-41
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• 2005

One of the main factors that determine the quality of instruction is the teaching ability of the instructor administering the class. To evaluate teaching ability, methods such as peer review, student feedback, and teaching portfolio can be used. Among these, because feedback from the students is directly associated with how well the students feel they have learned, it is essential to improving instruction and teaching ability. The principal aim of instruction evaluation lies in the evaluation of instructor's qualification and the improvement of instruction quality by enhancing professionalism. However, the mandatory instruction evaluations currently being carried out at the term's end in universities today have limitations in improving instruction in terms of its evaluation items and times. To improve the quality of instruction and raise teaching abilities, instruction evaluations should not stop at simply being carried out but also be utilized as useful data for students and teachers. In other words, they need to be used to develop teaching and improve instruction for teachers, and consequently, should also exert a positive influence on students' scholastic achievements and learning ability. The most important thing in evaluation is the acquisition of accurate information and how to utilize it to improve instruction. The online instruction diagnosis item pool is a more realistic feedback device developed to improve instruction quality. The instruction diagnosis item pool is a cafeteria-like collection of hundreds of feedback questions provided to enable instructors to diagnose their instruction through self-diagnosis or students' feedback, and the instructors can directly select the questions that are appropriate to the special characteristics of their instruction voluntarily make use of them whenever they are needed. The current study, in order to find out if the online instruction diagnosis item pool is truly useful in reforming and improving instruction, conducted pre and post tests using 256 undergraduate students from Y university as subjects, and studied the effects of student feedback on instructions. Results showed that the implementation of instruction diagnosis improved students' responsibility regarding their classes, and students had positive opinions regarding the usefulness of online instruction diagnosis item pool in instruction evaluation. Also, after instruction diagnosis, analyzing the results through consultations with education development specialists, and then establishing and carrying out instruction reforms were shown to be more effective. In order to utilize the instruction diagnostic system more effectively, from planning the execution of instruction diagnosis to analyzing the results, consulting, and deciding how those results could be utilized to instruction, a systematic strategy is needed. In addition, professors and students need to develop a more active sense of ownership in order to elevate the level of their instruction.