• 아동학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in social play, cognitive play, and social-cognitive play patterns as related to young children's field independence-dependence cognitive styles. Sixteen field independent and sixteen field dependent children were selected from a group of 79 young children with the use of Preschool Embedded Figures Test(PEFT). Their social play, cognitive play, and social-cognitive play patterns were observed. The data collected for this study were analyzed by using SPSS/$PC^+$; frequency, percentage and ${\chi}^2$ test. The results of this study were that (1) difference of social play patterns as related to young children's field independence-dependence cognitive styles was not found, (2) differences were found in cognitive play patterns as related to young children's field independence-dependence cognitive styles, and (3) differences were found in social-cognitive play pattern as related to young children's field independence-dependence cognitive styles.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권5호
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• pp.693-701
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• 1995

In most application programs, loops usually comprise most of the computation in a program and are the most important source of parallelism. When loops are executed on multiprocessors, the cross iteration data dependences need to be enforced by synchronization between processors. Existing synchronization schemes have been studied mainly on the loop with constant dependence distance. When these schemes are applied to the loop with variable dependence distance, there exists lots of overhead by the use of unnecessary synchronization variables and execution of unuseful synchronization instructions. Even though there exist various variable synchronization schemes, they have a lot of run-time overhead to compute synchronization information. In this paper, we present a new synchronization scheme, Synch-Free/Synch-Hold for managing synchronization efficiently on the loop with constant and variable dependence distance.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.519-533
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 베리오그램 추정을 통한 공간 종속성 추정방법에 있어서 의사우도 사용 방법을 설명하고, 모의실험을 통하여 전통적으로 사용되는 다른 방법들과 그 특성을 비교하고자 한다. 의사우도를 이용한 공간 종속 추정방법들은 그 통계적 성질이 우수할 뿐만 아니라, 전통적인 방법들에서 요구되어지는 관측치가 갖는 래그(lag)들을 미리 지정된 래그로 그룹화하는 과정이 필요 없어서 활용상의 우수성도 함께 가지고 있다. 또한, 이 방법에 대한 로버스트 방법을 개발하고 그 특성을 알아보고자 한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.36.1-36.1
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• 2018

Star formation activity of galaxies, along with color and morphology, show significant environmental dependence in local universe, where galaxies in dense environment tend to be more quiescent and redder. However, many studies show that such environmental dependence does not continue at higher redshifts beyond z~1. The question of how the environmental dependence of galactic properties have developed over time is crucial to understanding cosmic galactic evolution. By combining data from Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey(CFHTLS), Infrared Medium-Deep Survey(IMS), and other surveys, the photometric redshifts of galaxies in CFHTLS W2 field were estimated by fitting spectral energy distribution. The distribution of galaxies was mapped in redshift bins of 0.05 interval from 0.6 to 1.4. For each redshift bin, the number density was mapped. The galaxies in high density regions were grouped into clusters using friend-of-friend method. The color of galaxies were analyzed to study the correlation with redshift as well as environmental difference between field galaxies and cluster member galaxies.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.931-946
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• 2015

부부 또는 가족 등의 혈연관계는 생활환경 및 방식이 유사하기 때문에 그들의 생존기간 간에 상관관계가 존재한다는 것을 짐작할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 부부 데이터를 이용하여 상관 분석을 위해 피어슨의 상관계수, 스피어만의 상관계수, 그리고 켄달의 타우를 계산해 본다. 또한, 부부 중 한 명이 사망 후 최종생존자가 사망할 때까지의 사망시차를 분석하여 부부의 사망 시점 간에 종속관계에 대하여도 분석하도록 한다. 실제로 보험에 함께 가입한 부부나 가족은 생존기간 또는 사망시점 간에 상관성이 존재하기 때문에 그들의 생존기간이 독립이라 가정하는 보험 실무 방법 대신 상관성을 고려하여 보험 상품의 가치를 평가하는 것이 더 타당할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 부부 중 한 명의 배우자의 사망으로 인한 최종생존자의 잔존생존기간의 변화를 분석하여 연생보험의 보험료 및 준비금 산출 등에 활용할 수 있는 근거를 제시해 보고자 한다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.225-246
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• 2014

With the recent establishment of a ubiquitous environment and the paradigm shift to a smart society, the use of mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablet PCs, has become widespread. Thus, the trend is gradually shifting from using Web-based Instant Messenger to using Mobile-based Instant Messenger. Mobile Instant Messenger refers to a service that allows instant messaging as well as data sending and receiving between individuals with exclusive application programs(mobile Apps), which can be used in portable devices-such as smart phones-with wireless Internet access. Korea's portal sites, telecommunication companies, and even big companies have all rushed into the MIM market to join the competition. The reason so many companies are showing interest in the MIM business is because it is rising as a core platform to substitute portal sites in the mobile society, and MIM is perceived as the best means to attract and secure users. The intention to reuse or use continually was considered an important factor in maintaining a dominant position amidst such fierce competition, and consequently, most research thus far has reflected such thought. However, the frequent or long-term use of a system alone cannot indicate the definite success of the system, nor guarantee its dominant position in the market. On the contrary, MIM dependence, which goes beyond simple repetitive use and indicates a state where users actually or emotionally depend on a specific system, can better explain the user action. However, not much research has been conducted on dependence. The research results showed that lively message, concise message, message responsiveness, and social belonging significantly affected perceived usefulness. Message responsiveness, Link, and social belonging significantly affected flow. Flow significantly affected MIM dependence, and perceived usefulness did not affect MIM dependence. This study has proven that lively message, concise message, message responsiveness, Link, social belonging and perceived usefulness are important antecedents and mediating factors of MIM dependence. Moreover, this study is significant in that it explains the overall process of MIM dependence, and expands on the variety and scope of research that can be applied to MIM-related studies.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.65-65
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• 2002

In remote sensing, images are acquired over the same area by sensors of different spectral ranges (from the visible to the microwave) and/or with different number, position, and width of spectral bands. These images are generally partially redundant, as they represent the same scene, and partially complementary. For many applications of image classification, the information provided by a single sensor is often incomplete or imprecise resulting in misclassification. Fusion with redundant data can draw more consistent inferences for the interpretation of the scene, and can then improve classification accuracy. The common approach to the classification of multisensor data as a data fusion scheme at pixel level is to concatenate the data into one vector as if they were measurements from a single sensor. The multiband data acquired by a single multispectral sensor or by two or more different sensors are not completely independent, and a certain degree of informative overlap may exist between the observation spaces of the different bands. This dependence may make the data less informative and should be properly modeled in the analysis so that its effect can be eliminated. For modeling and eliminating the effect of such dependence, this study employs a strategy using self and conditional information variation measures. The self information variation reflects the self certainty of the individual bands, while the conditional information variation reflects the degree of dependence of the different bands. One data set might be very less reliable than others in the analysis and even exacerbate the classification results. The unreliable data set should be excluded in the analysis. To account for this, the self information variation is utilized to measure the degrees of reliability. The team of positively dependent bands can gather more information jointly than the team of independent ones. But, when bands are negatively dependent, the combined analysis of these bands may give worse information. Using the conditional information variation measure, the multiband data are split into two or more subsets according the dependence between the bands. Each subsets are classified separately, and a data fusion scheme at decision level is applied to integrate the individual classification results. In this study. a two-level algorithm using hierarchical clustering procedure is used for unsupervised image classification. Hierarchical clustering algorithm is based on similarity measures between all pairs of candidates being considered for merging. In the first level, the image is partitioned as any number of regions which are sets of spatially contiguous pixels so that no union of adjacent regions is statistically uniform. The regions resulted from the low level are clustered into a parsimonious number of groups according to their statistical characteristics. The algorithm has been applied to satellite multispectral data and airbone SAR data.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is that the college age is an important transition period from youth to adulthood. Nursing students are unfamiliar with their field of study and need to adapt to a large amount of academic and practical training, so that they can have a better college life. An attempt was made to determine the effect of exam anxiety, academic stress, and alcohol dependence on the academic achievement of nursing students. Research design, data, and methodology: The subjects of the study were 130 students from all grades who agreed to participate in the study after expressing convenience among students attending the Department of Nursing at a university in Gyeongnam. The data collection period was from August 15 to September 15, 2023. It was about a month. The data investigation was conducted through a self-report survey. Results: Results showed that significant variables included exam anxiety, academic stress, alcohol dependency, parent relationships, peer relationships, and major satisfaction, explaining a total variance of 31.9%. Among these, the most influential factor was academic stress (β=-.352). Conclusions: This study identify factors influencing the academic achievement of nursing college students and hopes to contribute to formulating strategies for their growth and competence development.

• 한국노년학
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1177-1189
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• 2016

나이가 듦에 따라 의존성이 문제가 되고 있어 요양병원 입원노인의 우울, 요실금, 수면양상 및 의존성의 정도를 파악하고, 의존성에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하고자 하였다. J시 소재 요양병원의 입원노인 209명을 대상으로 우울, 요실금, 수면양상 및 의존성 측정을 위해 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient 및 다중회귀분석기법으로 분석하였다. 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자의 우울은 평균 $6.83{\pm}4.14$점, 요실금은 평균 $6.44{\pm}9.63$점, 수면의 양은 평균 $8.09{\pm}1.55$ 시간, 수면의 질은 평균 $39.37{\pm}6.55$ 점이었고, 의존성은 평균 $42.68{\pm}8.78$점이었다. 하위영역별 의존성은 경제적 의존성이 가장 높았다. 의존성은 우울(r=.26, p<.001), 요실금(r=.35, p<.001)과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 의존성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 우울(${\beta}.23$, p=.001), 요실금(${\beta}=.26$, p<.001)이었고 11.5%의 설명력이 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 요양병원 입원노인의 우울, 요실금을 개선하고 의존성을 감소시키기 위해 다학제적 접근과 효과적인 간호중재 개발의 필요성을 제시한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to observe change in factors over time in the first cohort of the 2018 Children and Adolescent Panel Middle School. In addition, this study attempted to examine the causal relationship and influence between variables by setting a time gap between independent and dependent variables. Methods: Frequency and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the general characteristics of the study participants. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of smartphone dependence on health, sleep quality, and depression. After inputting the control variables (Model 2), the influence of the variables was identified based on the input model. Results: Smartphone dependence positively impacted depression in both male and female students and negatively impacted sleep and health. Conclusion: Smartphones are closely associated with teenagers' lives. Additionally, as adolescents experience various psychological anxieties owing to rapid physical changes, there are concerns that psychological dependence may increase, considering that adolescence is the most emotionally unstable period. Therefore, the results of this study consistently prove that smartphone dependence has a causal relationship with emotion-related variables, such as emotional stress, depression, and anxiety.