함수율(含水率)이 옥수수립(粒)의 압축특성(壓縮特性)에 미치는 영향(影響) (The Effect of Moisture Content on the Compressive Properties of Korean Corn Kernel)
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- 농업과학연구
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- 제13권1호
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- pp.113-122
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- 1986
옥수수 수확(收穫)의 기계화(機械化) 사업(事業)을 촉진(促進)시키기 위(爲)하여, 옥수수립(粒)의 제반압축특성(諸般壓縮特性)을 규명(糾明)하며 모든 기계화(機械化) 작업도정(作業過程)에서 손상율(損傷率)이 최소(最小)로 되는 기계(機械)의 설계자료(設計資料)를 얻고자 함수율(含水率)이 옥수수립(粒)의 압축특성(壓縮特性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 국내재배(國內栽培)한 3품종(品種)의 옥수수를 공시재료(供試材料)로 압축방향(壓縮方向)은 평면(平面), 측면(側面), 직립(直立)의 3 수준(水準), 함수율(含水率)은 약(約) 13, 17, 21, 25%(w.b)의 4수준(水準)으로 하고 재하속도(載荷速度) 1.125mm/min의 준(準) 정하량(靜荷重)에서 Straingage system을 이용(利用), 평판축시험(平板縮試驗)을 실시(實施)하여 옥수수의 강복점(降伏點) 및 파괴점(破壞點)에 대(對)한 압축응력(壓縮應力), 변형(變形), 에너지 및 강성계수(剛性係數)를 측정(測定), 분석(分析)하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 함수율(含水率)이 약(約)12.5~24.5%(w.b)의 범위(範圍)일 때 평면위치(平面位置)의 강복하중(降伏荷重)은 13.63~26.73kg, 최대압축강도(最大壓縮强度)는 21.55~47.65kg 으로 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 17% 일 때 최소(最小), 약(約) 21% 일 때 최대(最大)였으며, 측면(側面) 강복하중(降伏重荷)은 13.58~6.70kg 이었고, 측면(側面)의 최대압축강도(最大壓縮强度) 16.42~7.82kg은 직립(直立)의 최대압축강도(最大壓縮强度)인 18.55~9.05kg 보다 약간 작게 나타났다. 2. 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 12.5~24.5%의 범위(範圍)에서, 강복변형(降伏變形)은 0.43~1.37mm, 파괴변형(破壞變形)은 0.70~2.66mm로 함수율(含水率)에 비례(比例) 변형(變形)하였으며 함수율(含水率)이 높을수록 변형율(變形率)도 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 옥수수의 함수율(含水率)이 약(約) 12.5~24.5%일 때, 탄성(彈性)에너지는
옥천변성대 남서부에 위치하는 전남 해남군 황산면 모이산 지역에는 백악기 말 유천층군 해남층의 황산 화산쇄설 암을 모암으로 하는 천열수 금-은 광화대가 발달한다. 본 연구는 광화대의 형성과 관련된 지질구조를 파악하기 위해 모이산 지역의 층리배열, 습곡, 단층, 단열계, 석영맥의 특성, 단열계의 상대적인 발달순서 등을 조사하였고, 이를 바탕으로 광화작용이 발생할 당시의 지구조환경을 고찰해 보았다. 층리는 동북동 주향 방향이 우세하며 북북서 내지 남남동 방향의 저각 경사를 보이고 분산된 층리 배열은 경사-이동 단층 이외에 (동)북동 방향의 준수평-직립 개방습곡에 의해 규제되어 있다. 단열계는 적어도 6~7회의 변형단계를 걸쳐 형성되었다. D1 단계; 연장성이 우세한 동서 (D1-1)와 남북(D1-2) 방향의 주 단열조 형성기, D2 단계; 북서 방향의 인장단열 형성기, 동서(우수향)와 남북(좌수향) 방향의 공액 전단단열 운동기, D3 단계; 북동 방향의 인장단열 형성기, 동서(좌수향)와 남북(우수향) 방향의 공액 전단단열 재활동기, D4 단계; 연장성이 미약한 남북 방향의 인장단열 형성기, D5 단계; 북서 방향의 인장단열 재형성기. 동서(우수향)와 남북(좌수향)방향의 공액 전단단열 재활동기, D6 단계; 연장성이 미약한 동서 방향의 인장단열 형성기. 변형단계별 단열조의 출현빈도는 D1-1(19.73 %)> D1-2(16.44 %)> D3=D5(14.79 %)> D2(13.70 %)> D4(12.33 %)> D6(8.22 %) 순으로 우세하게 나타나고 평균개수/1 m는 D6(5.00개)> D5 = D4(4.67개)> D2(4.60개)> D3(4.13개)> D1-1(3.33개)> D1-2(2.83개) 순으로 높게 나타난다. 전체 단열조의 평균 조밀도는 420개로서 모이산 지역의 단열조는 평균 23.8 cm 간격 이상으로 발달한다. 석영맥의 방향성별 출현빈도는 동서 방향(52 %)> 북서 방향(28 %)> 남북 방향(12 %)> 북동 방향(8 %) 순으로 우세하게 나타난다. 전체 석영맥의 평균 조밀도는 4.14개로 나타나고 모이산 지역의 석영맥은 평균 24.2 cm 간격 이상으로 발달한다. 석영맥에 대한 미구조 연구결과, 천열수 금-은 광화작용(약 77.9~73.1 Ma)은 지구조적 응력이 아닌 천열수 파괴 단열작용과 직후의 정적인 지구조환경 하에서 기존에 형성된 연장성이 우세한 D1 단계의 동서 방향과 남북 방향의 단열조를 따라 발생한 것으로 보인다. 모이산 지역의 D1 단열작용은 유천층군과 불국사 화성압류의 화성활동과 변형을 초래하는 후기 백악기 이자나기판의 북향-사교 섭입작용과 관련하여 남북 방향의 압축력과 인정력이 교호하는 불안정한 지구조환경 하에서 발생하였던 것으로 고찰된다.
암반으로 구성되어 있는 급경사(
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The intention of this study is to apprehend the con. tents and methods of herb remedies that are commonly conducted when there are health-problem cases of ENT, eyes, teeth and skin. Methods of this study are divided into two stages : 1) For a period of six months from December 1994 to June 1995, some 40 persons who are believed to be well versed with herb remedies have been randomly chosen, and we made a survey on herb remedies by symptoms: and 2) we have endeavored to make their grounds evident through the studies on literatures with the focus on the basic data collected. Their results are as follows: 1) When one feels a pain in ears, such herb remedies are employed as pouring the vapor into ears, which is made by steaming Alaska pollack, or as applying or wiping with the juices of radish or the ginkgo, or' alum. Applying the radish juice is effective for sterilization and fever removal: and applying the ginkgo juice is effective for cleanliness. But, plastering alum, sesame oil or castor oil, or pouring the vapor of Alaska pollack into ears are perhaps effective but do not have any pharmacologic grounds. 2) When one bleeds at the nose, such kinds of herb remedies are applied as stimulating nose or head with cold water, pressing nose or ridge of nose, or filling up nares with mashed mugworts. In addition, they have utilized garlic or leeks. Such methods as stimulating with cold water or just pressing nose and ridge of nose is based on reasonable grounds, i.e. vasoconstriction and vascular compression ; and applying mashed garlic on the sole of foot is good for the circulation of Qui ; and the use of mugworts and leeks is based upon the pharmacological function of hemostasis. 3) When one feels a sore throat such kinds of herb remedies are employed as gargling or rinsing throat with brine, drinking hot gruel or water, or drinking the juice of mugwort, radish, ginger or Chinese quince. Gargling with brine or drinking the juice of mugwort, radish or ginger is based upon the pharmacological function of pain alleviation, fever removal, and detoxication. 4) When a boil is formed in mouth, such herb remedies are applied as spreading honey, brine or alum water, and taking gall nut, Chinese matrimony vine, lotus root, etc, for drugs. Spreading honey, brine or water that is made by infusing gallnut, Chinese matrimony vine, lotus root is based upon such functions as hematosis, astriction, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic, Alum, eggplant and licorice are said to be effective, but their pharmacological effects have no grounds. 5) When one has conjunctivitis such herb remedies are commonly applied as irrigation with brine and dropping breast milk in eyes. Moreover, such other drugs are used as plantain. shepherd's purse, and purslane, etc. The use of brine, breast milk, plantain, shepherd's purse and purslane is based upon such functions as sterilization, antiphlogistic, disinfection and pain relieving. Eriocaulon sieboldianum, bean stem, bean pod and narcissus leaves are said to be effective, but their pharmacological action have no basis. When one has a stye, such herb remedies are applied as extracting eyelashes, stimulating by a massage of middle finger, third finger or big toe, as well as sear ing with a heated bamboo comb that is fine-toothed. Other than these, plantain and nightshade's nuts are used as drugs for it. Extracting eyelashes corresponds with exclusing suppurative node and draining the stye of pus ; and the use of plantain is based upon disinfection: and nightshade's nuts are said to be effective, however, their pharmacological action has no grounds. 6) For a treatment of toothache, such herb remedies are commonly employed as rinsing mouth with brine and holding cold water or gasoline in the mouth ; and as the drugs that are believed to be effective have been Welsh onion, ginger and castor-oil, plant, etc. The use of Welsh onion is based upon pain killing, antiinflammatory actions, and the use of ginger is based upon detoxication and disinfection ; and seeds of castor-oil plants are said to be effective, but they have no pharmacological basis. 7) When one has hives, such herb remedies are commonly applied as rubbing burned straw in affected parts, exposing to its smoke, rubbing with salt, sweeping down with a broom, and spreading and drinking boiled water of trifoliate orange. The use of cassia tora seeds, walnut, aloe and radish is said to be effective. The use of cassia tor a seeds has the functions of intestinal order, anti-paralysis, etc. The use of walnut has resulted in an increase of blood by invigorating spirits ; and the use of aloe is based upon disinfection, antibiotic, anti-salt, antihistamine and detoxication action. But, the effects of radish juice and straw's smoke have no pharmacological grounds. 8) When one gets a boil, such herb remedies are commonly used as applying a plaster, paste of flour mixed with yolk, soy sauce or honey, as well as spreading pounded elm tree. Other remedies that have been said to be effective are ; heating with mugwort, brine, wild rocambole, aloe, onion, squid's bone, etc. The use of mugwort is based upon pain killing, astringent antiinflammatory and tranquility. Wild rocambole is based upon the generation and maintenance functions of cell-joining textures ; elm tree upon antiphlogistic ; aloe upon fever removal and antiphlogistic ; onion on pain killing, fever removal, antiphlogistic and tranquility ; squid's bone on astriction: and brine or vinegar on sterilization. Pine resin and gardenia seed are said to be effective, but they have no pharmacological basis. 9) When one cuts his skin, such herb remedies are commonly employed as spreading mugwort's juice or squid's bone powder, or pressing the wounds. In addition, kalopanax, onion and fine soil are employed. The use of mugwort, kalopanax and squid's bone is based upon such functions as hemostasis, sedation, pain killing, antibacterial ; and fine soil is said to be effective, but it has no pharmacological basis. 10) When one suffers from whitlow, such herb remedies are commonly utilized as heating with boiled soy sauce, spreading soybean paste, or dipping into eggs, etc. Other drugs that have been employed are onion root, brine, eggplant, potato, loach, etc. The use of onion is based upon pain killing and antiphlogistic functions ; and that of brine upon antiphlogistic function. The use of soy sauce or soybean paste, fomentation, eggplant, potato and loach is said to be effective, but it has no pharmacblogic ground. 11) For the treatment of frostbite, such herb remedies are commonly used as dipping the affected part into frozen soybean sack, using boiled water of eggplant stem, garlic caulis, onion, hot pepper, caulis. Onion is based upon antiphlogistic and tranquility actions garlic upon disintection, metabolic exacerbation, tonic and aphrodisiac actions and the use of eggplant and hot pepper is based upon help blood circulation, dissolution and excretion of waste matters in vein. 12) For the treatment of burn, such herb remedies or drugs are commonly used as cleansing with Korean gin, spreading eggs, cleansing with cold water and soap water ; and as brine, cactus, moss, soybean paste, oil, etc. The cleansing with Korean gin, cold water, soap water, brine, vinegar is based upon cleaning and sterilizing functions ; and the use of cucumber is based upon nu. trition provision, and strengthening of resisting power by adjustment of metabolism. The use of potato, cactus, moss, oil and eggs is said to be effective, but their phamacological functions are not clarified. In view of the above results, we can realize that the drugs that have been employed in herb remedies are quite diverse. However, in regard to majority of herb remedies that have been employed by symptoms, the pharmacological functions of their drugs have not been clarified, and they are merely known as effective. Furthermore, they have not been recorded in the literature as yet ; and we confirm that there have been many herb remedies that were executed without the proper knowlege of their effects. It is now our view that the results of this survey may be utilized for consulting data in regard to the use of herb remedies.