• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 1990

A comparative study of acid-base balance has been made between acidemia-induced hyperkalemia and hyperkalemia-induced acidemia. A group of rabbits was infused 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution and metabolic acidosis was induced. Another group was administered 20 mM potassium chloride solution and hyperkalemia was induced. The third group was infused 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and 20 mM potassium chloride solution, simultaneously. Acid-base data and plasma potassium ion concentration were monitored every thirty minutes in these three groups of rabbits. Following results were obtained: 1 ) Along with the infusion of hydrochloric acid, acute metabolic acidosis was induced in the rabbits. Plasma bicarbonate ion concentration decreased primarily in this group. As a respiratory compensation, there was a tendency of reduction of arterial $Pco_{2}$. The alteration of data became larger along with the amount of administration and the time elapsed. However, hyperkalemia was not so severe compared with the second group. 2) In potassium chloride infused group, plasma potassium ion concentration increased along with the time elapsed and the amount of infusion. And the alteration of acid-base data was parrallel to the level of potassium ion concentration, above all depression of pH was prominent. 3) Above data suggest that when acute metabolic acidosis was induced, exchange of intracellular potassium ion with extracellular hydrogen ion seems significant for the regulation of extracellular acid-base balance. And when hyperkalemia was induced with the infusion of potassium chloride solution, the exchange of intracellular hydrogen ion with extracellular potassium ion also seems significant for the regulation of extracellular potassium balance. 4) In the group of rabbits infused hydrochloric acid and potassium simultaneously, disturbances of acid-base balance and potassium balance were much more severe than two other groups. In these mixed disturbances, the process of compensatory mechanism might be inhibited and one disturbance might aggregate each other. 5) Through above data it has been postulated that in acid-base disturbance potassium balance can be sacrificed as a compensatory mechanism, and vice versa in disturbance of potassium balance. And our data also suggest that hydrogen ion and potassium ion are compensatory pair, one another.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2012

A normal body temperature data base for cattle was established to utilize for automatic monitoring of abnormal body condition of cattle by using sensor network and radio frequency identification technology. Three castrated Holstein cattle (mean body weight: $318{\pm}12kg$) were employed for body temperature measurement. Animals were adapted at the stanchion barn over 2 weeks, and 4 places (skins of ear, neck, head and subcutaneous tissue of neck) of body temperatures were continuously measured through thermocouples and recorder devices for 9 days. All places of body temperatures were fluctuated throughout the day and showed a cyclic pattern, with higher temperature in day time and lower temperature in nigh time. Normal subcutaneous tissue temperature (core temperature) in a day was ranged from $36.1^{\circ}C$ to $38.2^{\circ}C$. Skin temperatures were varied largely with environmental temperature change. Ear, head and neck temperatures varied with $36.3{\sim}28.5^{\circ}C$, $36.1{\sim}28.0^{\circ}C$ and $35.0{\sim}28.2^{\circ}C$, respectively. In this study, we established a basic data base for normal body temperature in cattle. For more effective data base, it would be needed further study.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.12-17
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• 2005

This paper aims at the development of an knowledge base for an electrical fire cause diagnosis system using the entity relation database. The relation database which provides a very simple but powerful way of representing data is widely used. The system focused on database construction and cause diagnosis can diagnose the causes of electrical fires easily and efficiently. In order to store and access to the information concerned with electrical fires, the key index items which identify electrical fires uniquely are derived out. The knowledge base consists of a case base which contains information from the past fires and a rule base with rules from expertise. To implement the knowledge base, Access 2000, one of DB development tools under windows environment and Visual Basic 6.0 are used as a DB building tool. For the reasoning technique, a mixed reasoning approach of a case based inference and a rule based inference has been adopted. Knowledge-based reasoning could present the cause of a newly occurred fire to be diagnosed by searching the knowledge base for reasonable matching. The knowledge-based database has not only searching functions with multiple attributes by using the collected various information(such as fire evidence, structure, and weather of a fire scene), but also more improved diagnosis functions which can be easily wed for the electrical fire cause diagnosis system.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2015

The development of a practical technology intelligence system requires a knowledge base that structures the core information and its relationship distilled from large volumes of technical data. Previous studies have mainly focused on the methodological approaches for technology opportunities, while little attention has been paid to constructing a practical knowledge base. Therefore, this study proposes a procedure to construct a function-based knowledge base for technology intelligence. We define the product-function-technology relationship and subsequently present the detailed steps for the knowledge base construction. The knowledge base, which is constructed analyzing 1110582 patents between 2009 and 2013 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office database, contains the functional knowledge of products and technologies and the relationship between products and technologies. This study is the first attempt to develop a large-scale knowledge base using the concept of function and has the ability to serve as a basis not only for furthering technology opportunity analysis methods but also for developing practical technology intelligence systems.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.181-208
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• 1998

In many literatures of model management, various schemes for representing model base schema have proposed. Ultimately, the goal is to arrive at a set of mutually supportive and synergistic methodologies and tools for the modeling problem domain and model base design. This paper focus on how best to structure and represent conceptual model of problem domain and schema of model base. Semantic concepts and modeling constructs are valuable conceptual tools for understanding the structural relationships and constraints involved in an model management environment. To this end, we reviewed the model management literature, and analyzed the constructs of modeling tools of data model management graph-based approach. Although they have good tools but most of them are not enough for the representation of structural relationships and constraints. So we wanted more powerful tools which can represent diverse constructs in a decision support modeling and model base schema design. For the design of a model base, we developed object modeling framework which uses Object Modeling Techniques (OMT). In Object Modeling Framework, model base schema are classified into conceptual schema, logical schema, and physical schema. The conceptual schema represents the user's view of problem domain, and the logical schema represents a model formatted by a particular modeling language. The schema design, this paper proposes an extension of Object Model to overcome some of the limitations exhibited by the OMT. The proposed tool, Extended Object Model(EOM) have diverse constructs for the representation of decision support problem domain and conceptual model base schema.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2012

CoMP(Coordinated Multi-Point transmission and reception) refers to a cooperative transmission strategy to control the interference from adjacent base stations in cellular mobile communication systems, which efficiently enhances the data throughput of the systems. As the number of the base stations participating in cooperative transmission increases, however, a larger amount of information exchange to carry the CSI(Channel State Information) of the mobile terminals is required. In this paper, we propose a partial CoMP transmission method for systems under the constraint of finite feedback information data. This method selects candidates of base stations which can provide high efficiency gain when they participate in the CoMP set. To achieve this, the cooperative base station combination is constructed by considering the preferred base stations of users. The cooperative base station combinations are dynamically applied since the preferred base station combinations of users may be different. We perform computer simulations to compare performance of the non-CoMP, full-CoMP and partial CoMP in terms of the average throughput using finite feedback and demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.533-541
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to grasp what characterizes the vegetation base of the natural forest as a latent vegetation in the middle region of Korea and thus to offer basic data when improving the vegetation base in the middle region being built or to be built in the future. The findings of this soil section survey show the following: The soil is brown to red color soil group on the whole. In addition, the soil's physical features like soil hardness are rated as high level, which results from the fact that the forest soil exits in its natural form under less influence of stamping. The pH of soil shows a weak acidity, like Korean normal soil. Specific electrical conductance is also rated as middle to high level in accordance with the standards of landscape architecture. The Salix koreensis community and the Pinus rigida community are different from other communities in terms of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable $K^+$ content. Specifically, the two communities are opposed to each other in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphate, while being similar to each other in terms of available phosphate and exchangeable $K^+$ content. This seems to result from the fact that they are located near each other. In addition, the two communities are characterized by the fact that they are distributed at the altitude mean relatively lowest and in the valley. To sum up, the forest soil around Goesan Gun is of middle level on the whole according to the landscape standards, when judging it in terms of vegetation base. Accordingly, it seems that the construction of the vegetation base around Goesan Gun will not require large investment expenses for soil improvement. Also, it seems that the spatial scope of research is needed to expand the basic data on the construction of the vegetation base for the whole middle region of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.955-966
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• 2009

DES method is applied to an axisymmetric base flow at supersonic mainstream. The model is based on the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model in the RANS mode, and is based on the subgrid scale model in the Large-eddy simulation (LES) mode. Accurate predictions of the base flowfield and base pressure are successfully achieved by using the DES methodology which is less expensive than LES. Flow properties at the edge of base, such as boundary layer thickness, momentum thickness and skin fraction are compared with Dutton et al [experimental data to proper prediction of base flowfiled. From the present results, The DES accurately resolves the physics of unsteady turbulent motions, such as shear layer rollup, large-eddy motions in the downstream region and small eddy motions inside the recirculating region. Moreover, The present results of using an empirical constant $C_{DES}$ of 1.2 shows good agreement with experimental data than conventional empirical constant $C_{DES}$ of 0.65.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.489-499
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• 2020

Effective science-based management of the basin water resources requires an understanding of the characteristics of the streams, such as the baseflow discharge. In this study, the base flow was estimated in the two watersheds with the least artificial factors among the Nakdong River watersheds, as determined using the chemical hydrograph separation technique. The 16-year (2004-2019) discontinuous observed stream flow and electrical conductivity data in the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) monitoring network were extended to continuous daily data using the TANK model and the 7-parameter log-linear model combined with the minimum variance unbiased estimator. The annual base flows at the upper Namgang Dam basin and the upper Nakdong River basin were both analyzed to be about 56% of the total annual flow. The monthly base flow ratio showed a high monthly deviation, as it was found to be higher than 0.9 in the dry season and about 0.46 in the rainy season. This is in line with the prevailing common sense notion that in winter, most of the stream flow is base flow, due to the characteristics of the dry season winter in Korea. It is expected that the chemical-based hydrological separation technique involving TANK and the 7-parameter log-linear models used in this study can help quantify the base flow required for systematic watershed water environment management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.925-928
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• 2010

Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources. One critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed information in an energy efficient way since the energy is limited. The clustering algorithm is a technique used to reduce energy consumption. It can improve the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor network. In this paper, we introduce a clustering protocol with mode selection (CPMS) for wireless sensor networks. Our scheme improves the performance of BCDCP (Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol) and BIDRP (Base Station Initiated Dynamic Routing Protocol) routing protocol. In CPMS, the base station constructs clusters and makes the head node with highest residual energy send data to base station. Furthermore, we can save the energy of head nodes using modes selection method. The simulation results show that CPMS achieves longer lifetime and more data messages transmissions than current important clustering protocol in wireless sensor networks.