• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2000

Pecan is deciduous tree and belongs to the Julandaceae family. Pecan is an economically important as a nut and timber crop. Heterozygosity is expected to be high for typically cross-pollinated. Yet little is known about the nature of genetic variation within this species. In addition, the pedigree of many pecan cultivars remains unknown or is questionable. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships between 22 pecan cultivars and its analyzed by RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA). PCR Amplification used 40 randomly selected oligoes as primers. Based on their genetic similarities derived from the RAPD data, the 22 pecan cultivars were classified into different five groups in agarose gel. The 22 pecan cultivars were classified into five sectional groups by UPGMA clustering analysis, too. C. flacra and Black walnut showed the 0.9 of similarity index and Farley, Pawnee showed the 0.85 of similarity index. The 22 pecan cultivars were classified into different five groups by analysis of the 4% polyacrylamide gel fraction. (Group I : 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21 Group II : 14,18 GroupIII : 6,12 GroupIV : 5, 11, 15, 19, 22 CroupV : 7, 8, 9, 10) Group V show the 1.0 of similarity index and Farley, Sturya, Clarke, Pawnee show the 0.98 of similarity index and Kiowa, Schley show the 0.92 of similarity index. Results from this study indicated that RAPD can be used to establish the genetic relationships among the 22 pecan cultivars. Similarity coefficients generally agreed with what would be predicted in cultivars with known pedigrees, and we could accurately construct relationships among cultivars. In addition, we have shown that RAPD provides useful information on the origin of unknown cultivars.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 2007

Two endogenous endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-glucanase (EGase, EC 3.2.1.4) cDNAs were cloned from the midgut of the earthworm Eisenia anderi, and named EaEG2 and EaEG3, respectively. A sequence of 1,368 bp was determined and the coding region is composed of 456 amino acid residues including the initiation methionine. The N-terminal region of 20 residues in the deduced sequence was regarded as the signal peptide. These EGases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9) and showed high levels of identity(51-55%) with selected termite, cockroache, crayfish and mollusc EGases. The EGases of earthworm consist of three consensus catalytic domains found in most microbial cellulases. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the deduced amino acid sequence data matched through the BLASTX program and showed that GHF9 families could be divided into five groups of arthropoda, bacteria, plant, annelida and mollusc.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.638-647
• /
• 2010

The genetic relationships in 5 species of $Ligularia$ were investigated using RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences analyses. In RAPD analysis, sixty three of 196 arbitrary primers showed polymorphism. The amplified fragments ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 kb in size. The dendrogram was constructed by the UPGMA clustering algorithm based on genetic similarity of RAPD markers. A total of 16 accessions were classified into 5 major groups corresponding each species at the similarity coefficient value of 0.77. In the ITS sequence analysis, the size of ITS 1 was varied from 248 to 256 bp, while ITS 2 was varied from 220 to 222 bp. The 5.8S coding region was 164 bp in lengths. Forty nine sites (10.2%) of the 478 nucleotides were variable, and the G+C content of ITS region ranged from 49.4 to 53.5%. In the ITS tree, five species of $Ligularia$ were monophyletic, and $L.$ $taquetii$ was the first branching within the clade. $Ligularia$ $intermedia$ formed a clade with $L.$ $fischeri$ var. $spiciformis$ (BS=79), and $L.$ $stenocephala$ and $L.$ $fischeri$ were also claded. Two data sets were congruent, except of the position of $L.$ $fischeri$ var. $spiciformis$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.13-35
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out to analyze vegetation structure and change of the disturbed area in forest ecosystem(FE), riparian ecosystem(RE) and coastal ecosystem(CE) related to Regional Ecological Network at Chungnam province through constancy and dominance analysis, species diversity index, similarity index and canonical correlation analysis. Data were collected from April to October in 2015. As a result of constancy and dominance analysis of forest disturbed area, non-effective species(NES) was 30 species(17.0%), exported species(ES) was 98 species(55.7%) and imported species(IS) was 48 species(27.3%) among the total 176 species, respectively. In riparian disturbed area with total 139 species, there were 16 NES(11.5%), 98 ES(70.5%) and 25 IS(18.0%) respectively. In coastal disturbed area with 140 species, there were 20 NES(14.3%), 88 ES(62.9%) and 32 IS(22.9%) respectively. In all types of disturbed areas, the ratio of ES was higher than IS. As a result of species diversity, species richness and shannon's diversity index of disturbed area decreased in all kinds of crown strata such as tree, subtree, shrub and herb layer compared to the control area. As a result of similarity index, that of each type between control site and disturbed site was 0.374 in FE, 0.329 in CE and 0.259 in RE in the order. As a result of the CCA analysis, the number of present species, vine plants ratio and exported species ratio in disturbed area of FE and RE were decreased, and the naturalized plant ratio, imported species ratio and herb ratio were increased. But environmental factors of CE were not shown any clear tendency. In conclusion, many species occupied in control site disappeared into the disturbed area, and the naturalized plants and herb species were abundantly imported in the area. Therefore, it was considered that this study could be applied to the development of long-term and short-term ecological restoration techniques in view of vegetation changes.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.153-177
• /
• 2001

Nowadays, product recommendation is one of the important issues regarding both CRM and Internet shopping mall. Generally, a recommendation system tracks past actions of a group of users to make a recommendation to individual members of the group. The computer-mediated marketing and commerce have grown rapidly and thereby automatic recommendation methodologies have got great attentions. But the researches and commercial tools for product recommendation so far, still have many aspects that merit further considerations. To supplement those aspects, we devise a recommendation methodology by which we can get further recommendation effectiveness when applied to Internet shopping mall. The suggested methodology is based on web log information, product taxonomy, association rule mining, and decision tree learning. To implement this we also design and intelligent Internet shopping mall support system based on agent technology and develop it as a prototype system. We applied this methodology and the prototype system to a leading Korean Internet shopping mall and provide some experimental results. Through the experiment, we found that the suggested methodology can perform recommendation tasks both effectively and efficiently in real world problems. Its systematic validity issues are also discussed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.503-518
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we propose a complexity-based parallelization method of the sample adaptive offset (SAO) algorithm which is one of HEVC in-loop filters. The SAO algorithm can be regarded as region-based process and the regions are obtained and represented with a quad-tree scheme. A offset to minimize a reconstruction error is sent for each partitioned region. The SAO of the HEVC can be parallelized in data-level. However, because the sizes and complexities of the SAO regions are not regular, workload imbalance occurs with multi-core platform. In this paper, we propose a LCU-based SAO algorithm and a complexity prediction algorithm for each LCU. With the proposed complexity-based LCU processing, we found that the proposed algorithm is faster than the sequential implementation by a factor of 2.38 times. In addition, the proposed algorithm is faster than regular parallel implementation SAO by 21%.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2006

This study looked into the change of tree growth of five forest growth monitoring plots which were set up at the Undulyeong Hongchungun Kangwondo, and was accomplished to provide the basic data for the forest management calculating carbon storage and absorption in the Undulyeong area. Annual height and DBH growth were slowly progressed in the Pinus koraiensis, Larix kaempferi, and Pinus densiflora stand which were at young stage, but the growth rates of the other stands were lower than those young stands. The diameter class of the mixed forest and Quercus mongolica and Betala platyphylla stand was predicted to be similar as it is and those of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stands were predicted to move to the upper diameter classes because of rapid growth rates of the those stands. As in the year 2005, total carbon storage of the Undulyeong model forest was increased by 155,000 TC(2.7%) compared with the previous year. During 2005, total carbon which was absorbed and stored according to growth of the forest was 166,174 TC and net carbon absorption (155,481 TC) increased by 2,736 TC (1.8%) compared with the previous year. Resultingly, the Undulyeong model forest is acting as a net sink and the net carbon absorption rate is slightly increasing recently.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 1993

To compare ecological succession stage between 1987 and 1992, this study was executed in Mt. Puk'an. 26 sample plots of 500$m^2$ were set up. The results were summarized as follows; 1. To analysis plant community structure, the classification by TWINSPAN and CCA, DCA and RA ordination were applied to the study area. That of Mt. Puk'an was divided 4 groups by altitude. The dividing groups are Robinia pseudo-acacia-Quercus spp. community, mixed forest community, Q. serrata community, and Q. mongolica community. The successional trends of tree species over 500m seem to be from Pinus densiflora to Q. mongolica and below 500m in altitude seem to be from Robinia pseudo-acacia through Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Prunus sargentii, Sorbus alnifolia to Q. serrata in the canopy layer. In the case of understory and shrub layer, the successional trends to be from Corylus sieboldiana, Zanthoxylum schinifolium through Rhus trichocarpa, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rh. schlippenbachii to Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. 2. In comparing successional trends with 1987', the advanced data was not obtained in 1992. It was postulated that succession is not progressed by human disturbance and air pollution.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 1993

Vegetational data obtained from 15 quadrats of Mt. Daeam area were analysed by applying two multivariate methods : two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) for classification and detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) for ordination. The dominant tree species were Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Betula costata, and Acer mono in descending order. The pH ranges were 5.0 to 5.5 in the 15 sites near bog and 5.3 to 5.4 in the 3 sites within bog. The forest communities in Mt. Daeam were classified into Quercus mongolica-Acer mono, Quercus mongolica-Prunus sargentii, Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis-Acer tschonoskii var, rubripes, and Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis-Betula costata according to the TWINSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant species of forest vegetation and soil in the forest of Mt. Daeam were investigated by analyzing soil nutrition gradient. Quercus mongolica-Prunus sargentii forests were distributed in the good sites in nutrition levels of total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, $Mg^{+{+}}$ and $Ca^{+{+}}$ but Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis-Betula costata forests in the poor sites in the nutrition levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.101 no.2
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate the changes of stand structure before and after applying the three different silvicultural treatments such as selection cutting system, two-storied system, and shelterwood system. This study has been conducted in the natural deciduous forests in Pyungchang of Gangwon Province, Korea. Three permanent sampling plots of 0.09 ha were established in the forests and the three silvicultural treatments were applied in 2008. For this study, some tree variables were measured in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments were applied. With these data, stand attributes were estimated in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments. In this study, four stand structure indices were used to analyze the differences among structures of stands managed by three different silvicultural treatments. Contagion index, DBH-difference index, height-difference index, and mingling index were estimated and compared to analyze the differences of stand structures among the stands before and after silvicultural treatments. Duncan's multiple range test and t-test were then employed to statistically analyze the difference of stand structure among the stands. The results revealed that all of the stand structure indices seem to be increased after applying the silvicultural treatments. There are significant differences in the stand structure indices between before and after silvicultural treatments for each stand. According to the evaluation of stand structure indices, it was confirmed that spatial structure of the stands was improved by applying the silvicultural treatments. For attaining the specific goal of each stand types acquired by different silvicultural treatments, the frequencies and amounts of additional practices should be decided based on the changes of stand structure as time passed.