• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to systematically identify situations where exposure levels are expected to be high by structuring domestic lead measurement data according to exposure processes and activities. Methods: Occupational exposure data on lead was collected from the results of the Evaluation of Reliability of Working Environment Measurement conducted by the government from 2019 to 2020. Lead exposure characteristics were analyzed by PROC (process category) and activity. The Risk Characterization Ratios (RCRs) of five PROCs according to ventilation type and lead content were evaluated using the MEASE (Metal's EASE) model. Results: The exposure data on lead (n=250) was classified into 12 PROCs and 12 activities, with an average concentration of 0.040 mg/m³ and about 14% exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m³. Processes with high exposure levels were PROC 7 (industrial spraying), 23 (open processing and transfer operations of molten metal), 24 (mechanical treatment), 25 (welding), and 26 (handling of powder containing lead). The results of evaluating RCR for the five PROCs were greater than 1 or close to 1 even if local exhaust ventilation was used. Conclusions: There is a possibility that the concentration of exposure is high in the casting and tapping of molten metal containing lead, mechanical treatment such as fracturing and abrasion, handling of powder, spraying, battery manufacturing, and waste battery recycling processes. It is necessary to implement chemical management policies for workplaces with such processes.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-30
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect modes of influences environmental dynamism exerts on opportunism, one of important relationship factors. This study particularly delves into the indirect modes of influence in terms of control strategy (control mechanism) and control structure (bureaucratic structuring). To this end, a survey research has been conducted of 200 suppliers in business relationships with Korean hypermarket retailers. An analysis of the collected data indicates that while environmental dynamism has a positive influence on the control mechanisms such as monitoring and incentives, it does not have a negative influence on the control structure such as participation. And then it has a positive influence on the opportunism of suppliers. In addition, participation has a negative influence on the opportunism, but monitoring and incentives do not have a negative influence on it. This study discusses how both retailers and their suppliers should respond to the domestic retail business environment with highly dynamic characteristics, in order to achieve a long-term win-win partnership with one another. It also presents ideas to retailers with regard to what kinds of management strategies and management efforts required to effectively control the opportunism of suppliers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently, the importance of rapid change in business models is more and more increasing as the change of information technology environment. Therefore, a variety of business models have emerged. On the other hand, there is no company that can generate revenue. Many enterprises are still maintained while they are changing only their appearance of the business model. Business model is important in e-commerce. However, a lot of researches are targeted only in Web sites. Thus, e-commerce companies do not have the infrastructure for measuring and business models. The purpose of paper is to evaluate factors which are related with the structuring of the e-commerce success. And it proposed a financial items and non-financial items. From the perspectives of administrators and managers, the paper researches the possibility for E-Commerce Evaluation Model as a valuable criteria in measuring business model. Research design, data and methodology - The methods are taken by the classification for the type of business-to-business transactions, transactions subject, and the degree of integration and innovation capabilities. Financial and Non-financial value is used to build E-Commerce Evaluation Model. Evaluation items in Administration's perspective are composed with enhance the effectiveness of the mission, improving efficiency of the administration, and control of costs. Evaluation items in the customer's perspective were measured by customer participation and cooperation with customer Satisfaction. In the case of researching the information system's perspective, three criteria are used such as adequacy of the development process, improvement of the quality of service, and maintenance of standardized information technology. In researching for the ICT competence's perspective, evaluation items were composed of enhanced user capabilities, utilizing new technologies, and empowerment of information workers. Results - In this paper, E-Commerce Evaluation Model with financial and non-financial perspectives shows the possibility to be criteria in the case of measuring business model. Moreover, it gives the positive expectation to be successful criteria. But the research may have ambiguity in its essential concept because it cannot avoid the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from merely the model. It is impossible to exclude the possibility in omitting specific properties which may take place in actual case study. Therefore, In hereafter research, it is necessary to include actual case study research in selecting evaluation tools in order to improve the limit point. Actual measurement items which are derived from actual case study should be subdivided, and it would be more effective to complete the research. Conclusions - In rapid change in business models, there are various kinds of business models. But it is general situation that companies which adopted business models have not brought in revenue. For this reason, E-Commerce Evaluation Model is needed as an important factor for the structuring of the e-commerce success. Although it has the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from model, E-Commerce Evaluation Model proposes the implication for measuring business models as a valuable criteria.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.37-49
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• 2013

Purpose - This research identifies the meaning of the core capability level of Car Master and the reason why its service at the Moment of Truth should be demonstrated through empirical cases. It can be seen that this study differs from existing research because it proposes that the recognized core capability level to achieve customer satisfaction should focus on the mediating effect of Moment of Truth quality. This paper examines the effect of Car Master's recognized core capability level on customer satisfaction by using the variables mentioned above. Moreover, this study uses regression analysis to verify that the mediating effect of Moment of Truth quality on Car Master's capability level achieves customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - First, we present evidence that could apply to Car Master's recognized core capability level by detailing the relationship between customer satisfaction and a structuring factor for Car Master's core capability level. Our proposed research model observes the relationship between the structuring factor of core capability and customer satisfaction. Second, we had an opportunity to define how the core capability and Moment of Truth quality affect customer satisfaction by performing empirical analysis on the partial mediating effect of Moment of Truth quality at a recognized core capability level and Moment of Truth quality affecting customer satisfaction. Results - First, the results indicate that Car Master's recognized core capability level (product professionalism, marketing skill, and reliability) positively affects customer satisfaction. Second, the results show that an ability to listen and a sense of dedication positively affect customer satisfaction, and are among the Moment of Truth quality factors; but performance capability, which is one of the Moment of Truth quality factors, does not positively affect customer satisfaction. These results clearly differ from prior studies focused on Moment of Truth quality and consumer satisfaction. Third, the results show that Moment of Truth quality has a partial mediating effect in terms of the impact of Car Master's recognized core capability level in achieving consumer satisfaction. Conclusions - This research indicates that the company will be able to expand if they investigate and show an interest in more training and education for Car Master. The study verified that outstanding Car Masters show differentiated performance on customer satisfaction at the Moment of Truth in various instances. Thus, we believe that this is the time for a discussion on systematic and empirically recognized core capability levels and the Moment of Truth quality. The study on Car Master's recognized core capability level offers suitable solutions for Car Masters to respond to customers at the Moment of Truth. Further, this study emphasizes the importance of service as a critical factor having a direct relationship with the company's success and failure and contributing to building trust with the customer. Thus, an investment in continuous education and training for Car Master will help the growth of the business.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2017

Objectives: To suggest the basis of clinical applications through qualitative and quantitative analysis of mentalizing the rooms of mind in the mindfulness meditation program. It is one of the M&L psychotherapy techniques that enables observing the mind more objectively by structuring, visualizing and embodying state of the mind at the moment of drawing a room of the mind. Methods: In this study, we conducted 5t mindfulness meditation program sessions with 85 college students studying Oriental Neuropsychiatry at the University of Oriental Medical College. Before and after the program, data checked the FFMQ and drew the room of mind. Qualitative analysis by subjects were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: First, results of the quantitative analysis revealed significant difference between pre-and post on describing one of the FFMQ sub-factors. However, there were no statistically significant other factors. Second, qualitative analysis results follow as: It extracted 2 keywords including 'viewpoint as a therapist' and 'viewpoint as a client' and 3 consisting words 'positive response', 'negative response', 'ambiguous response'. Conclusions: Mentalizing the room of mind is the work of visualizing, diagramming, objectifying, and specifying the mind of this moment. It is concerned that the value of clinical use is high as a useful tool to increase concentration of meditation and observe and evaluate changes of mind before and after treatments.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2014

While much in the field of public management has emphasized the importance of nonprofit advocacy activities in policy and decision-making procedures, few have considered the relevance and impact of leading actors on structuring diverse patterns of information sharing and communication through social media. Building nonprofit advocacy is a complicated process for a single organization to undertake, but social media applications such as Facebook and Twitter have facilitated nonprofit organizations and stakeholders to effectively share information and communicate with each other for identifying their mission as it relates to environmental issues. By analyzing the Australian Marine Conservation Society's (AMCS) Twitter network data from the period 1 April to 20 April, 2013, this research discovered diverse patterns in nonprofit advocacy by leading actors in building advocacy. Based on the webometrics approach, analysis results show that nonprofit advocacy through social media is structured by dynamic information flows and intercommunications among participants and followers of the AMCS. Also, the findings indicate that the news media and international and domestic nonprofit organizations have a leading role in building nonprofit advocacy by clustering with their followers.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 1986

Described in this paper is a modelling methodology for mass production system simulation. The mass production system under consideration consists of various types of flow lines, special purpose production facilities, conveyor lines, palletized carts, and storage facilities. This type of production system is typical in home appliance industry, automobile industry, footwear industry, etc. where a variety of product mix are mass-produced. The modelling methodology is based on the "discrete-event formalism", and an "activity-oriented world view" is adopted to formalize the system description. A distinctive feature of the modelling methodology is that only the static structure (ie, system components) is included in the fixed model. The dynamic structure of the system is specified through a "data-driven" mechanism, which is an extension of the "experimental frame" concept. Each type of system components (ie, flow line, conveyors, carts, etc.) is formally modeled by using Activity Cycle Diagrams. The issue of "model structuring" is also addressed. The modeling methodology has been successfully applied in a real simulation study of a mass production system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1798-1804
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• 2017

This paper presents an approach of the Gustafson-Kessel (GK) clustering algorithm's performance in fault identification on power transmission lines. The clustering algorithm is incorporated in a scheme that uses hybrid intelligent technique to combine artificial neural network and a fuzzy inference system, known as adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The scheme is used to identify the type of fault that occurs on a power transmission line, either single line to ground, double line, double line to ground or three phase. The scheme is also capable an analyzing the fault location without information on line parameters. The range of error estimation is within 0.10 to 0.85 relative to five values of fault resistances. This paper also presents the performance of the GK clustering algorithm compared to fuzzy clustering means (FCM), which is particularly implemented in structuring a data. Results show that the GK algorithm may be implemented in fault identification on power system transmission and performs better than FCM.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aimed to develop a new practical and universally applicable service quality model by improving the service quality measurement model proposed by many previous studies. Research design, data, and methodology - An in-depth analysis on what influences such service quality model had on the improvement effect of service quality, and Service Evaluation Model("SEM"), which was revised from the existing service quality measurement model, was developed. The model is divided into the two integrative categories: First, activity, that is the group of service-related activities. Next is item, the group of service-related objects. The level of service is evaluated for each category via survey questionnaire on service level evaluation. Based on the model, SEM has visibility by structuring the whole service industry. Results - For the application of the new service quality model, this study attempted to examine the appropriateness of the newly proposed service quality model by applying it to retail service field. Conclusions - As a result, the proposed service model would be a useful and applicable service quality measurement model required by many organizations. Service company can set up self check service levels. Through these results, they can look for the ways to provide better services to customers. Service users can ensure the objectivity of business plan based upon SEM.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2004

The problems of developing web based adaptive hypermedia for education using XML are discussed in this paper. We define two different markup languages using XML. The one structures the domain model and the another describes the user model. These language can be easily extended and authored, with the result of obtaining a simple methodology for data structuring in the field of web based educational adaptive hypermedia. Also, We have suggested three learning rules that automatically restructures hypertext networks according to their user browsing behavior. The user profile is contained in a user model, while the knowledge about the domain can be represented in the form of a concept based domain model. Accordingly.