• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.929-941
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• 2008

The objectives of this study are to propose a system for combined use of a hydrologic and a hydraulic model for urban flood forecast model and to evaluate the system on the $300km^2$ Jungrang urban watershed area, which is relatively large area as an urban watershed and consequently composed of very complex drainage pipes and streams with different land uses. In this study, SWMM for hydrologic model and HEC-RAS for hydraulic model are used and the study area is divided into 25 subbasins. The SWMM model is used for sewer drainage analysis within each subbasin, while HEC-RAS for unstready flow analysis in the channel streams. Also, this study develops a GUI system composed of mean areal precipitation input component, hydrologic runoff analysis component, stream channel routing component, and graphical representation of model output. The proposed system was calibrated for the model parameters and verified for the model applicability by using the observation data. The correlation coefficients between simulated and observed flows at the 2 important locations were ranged on 0.83-0.98, while the coefficients of model efficiency on 0.60-0.92 for the verification periods. This study also provided the possibilities of manhole overflows and channel bank inundation through the calculated water profile of longitudinal and channel sections, respectively. It can be concluded that the proposed system can be used as a surface runoff and channel routing models for urban flood forecast over the large watershed area.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.900-909
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• 2007

This paper describes an experiment on the evaluation of human sensibility by monitoring responses to changes In the frequency and amplitude of a tactile display system. Preliminary tasks were performed to obtain effective adjectives concerning texture perception. The number of collected adjectives was originally 33. This number of adjectives was reduced to 14 by a suitability survey that asked whether an adjective is suitable for expressing a texture feeling. Finally after performing a semantic similarity evaluation, the number of adjectives was further reduced to ten and these ten were used in the main experiment. In the main experiment, selected sandpaper types and 15 selected combinations of frequencies and amplitudes of a tactile display were utilized to quantitatively evaluate the ten adjectives using a bipolar seven-point scale. The data show that a relationship exists between the independent variables(frequency, amplitude, and grit site) and the dependent variable(perceived texture). That is, the change of frequency and amplitude is directly related to perceived roughness or essential elements of human tactile sensitivity found in the preliminary experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.534-553
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• 2011

Analogical thinking is a problem-solving strategy to use a familiar problem (or base analog) to solve a novel problem of the same type (the target problem). The purpose of this study is to provide new insight into geography teaching and learning by connecting cognitive science research on analogical thinking with issues of geography education and suggest that teaching with analogies can be a productive instructional strategy for geography. In this study, using the various examples of analogical thinking used in geography we defined analogical thinking, addressed the theoretical models on analogical transfer, and discussed conditions that make an effective analogical transfer. The major research findings include the following: a) the spatial analogy, indicating skills to find places that may be far apart but have similar locations, and therefore have other similar conditions and/or connections, can provide a useful way to design contents for place learning; b) representational transfer, specifying a common representation for two problems, can play a key role in solving geographic problems requiring data visualization and spatialization processes; and c) either asking learners to compare/analyze similar examples sharing common structure or providing them examples bridging the gap between concrete, real-life phenomena and the ideas and models can contribute to learning in geographic concepts and skills. The spatial analogy requiring both geographic content knowledge and visual/spatial thinking has the potential to become a content-specific problem-solving strategy. We ended with recommendations for future research on analogy that is important in geography education.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Visualization of documents will help users when they do search similar documents. and all research in information retrieval addresses itself to the problem of a user with an information need facing a data source containing an acceptable solution to that need. In various contexts. adequate solutions to this problem have included alphabetized cubbyholes housing papyrus rolls. microfilm registers. card catalogs and inverted files coded onto discs. Many information retrieval systems rely on the use of a document surrogate. Though they might be surprise to discover it. nearly every information seeker uses an array of document surrogates. Summaries. tables of contents. abstracts. reviews, and MARC recordsthese are all document surrogates. That is, they stand infor a document allowing a user to make some decision regarding it. whether to retrieve a book from the stacks, whether to read an entire article, etc. In this paper another type of document surrogate is investigated using a grouping method of term list. lising Multidimensional Scaling Method (MDS) those surrogates are visualized on two-dimensional graph. The distances between dots on the two-dimensional graph can be represented as the similarity of the documents. More close the distance. more similar the documents.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.30-41
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• 1987

The geometrical shape of a plow bottom may be the most important factor affecting the performance of a plow for a given soil and operating conditions. There are various designs of the Jaenggi (Korean plow) available commercially, which may be different from each other and from the plow (Western plow) in respect to the shape and performance. This study was intended to investigate the geometrical characteristics of Jaenggi. The coordinate digitizer equipped with 3 potentiometers was designed and manufactured for measurement of the shape of curved plane of moldboard and share. The digitizer was connected to a microcomputer having the data acquisition system. This device was used to analyze the plow bottoms of 5 differently-made Jaenggis and one cylindrical plow. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. It was possible to measure easily and quickly the curved plane of plow bottom and to plot the view on three major plans using the coordinate digitizer electrically connected to a microcomputer system. 2. The shape of five Jaenggi bottoms analyzed could be characterized by the cutting angle having the range of $33-42^{\circ}$, the maximum share-lift angle of $41-50^{\circ}$, and the setting angle of moldboard wing of $46-70^{\circ}$. The most critical difference of the shape factors between the Jaenggi and the plow was found in the maximum share-lift angle, the former was more than twice as much as the latter. 3. The analysis of the shape of Jaenggi bottoms showed that the share projections on 3 major plans had a varied triangle, which was quite different from that of plow bottom. Especially, it was analyzed that the shape of furrow slice for the Jaenggi had a skewed rectangle, leaving a considerable height of the ridge at the furrow bottom. 4. The dihedral angle was similar range of $30-85^{\circ}$ for the all bodies investigated, but the directional angle was somewhat different from each other. The difference in directional angle was $5^{\circ}$ for the plow, $20^{\circ}$ for the Jaenggi A and $30^{\circ}$ for the Jaenggi B. 5. Area of the spherical representation region was 0.0328 for the plow, 0.1194 for the Jaenggi A and 0.1716 for the Jaenggi B. This may indicate that the plow came close to a working surface and the Jaenggi A and the Jaenggi B departed from a working surface to a somewhat greater extent.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Utilizing sequence control and numerical computing, embedded devices are used in a variety of automated systems, including those at industrial sites, in accordance with their control program. Since embedded devices are used as a control system in corporate industrial complexes, nuclear power plants and public transport infrastructure nowadays, deliberate attacks on them can cause significant economic and social damages. Most attacks aimed at embedded devices are data-coded, code-modulated, and control-programmed. The control programs for industry-automated embedded devices are designed to represent circuit structures, unlike common programming languages, and most industrial automation control programs are designed with a graphical language, LAD, which is difficult to process static analysis. Because of these characteristics, the vulnerability analysis and security related studies for industry automation control programs have only progressed up to the formal verification, real-time monitoring levels. Furthermore, the static analysis of industrial automation control programs, which can detect vulnerabilities in advance and prepare for attacks, stays poorly researched. Therefore, this study suggests a method to present a discussion on an industry automation control program designed to represent the circuit structure to increase the efficiency of static analysis of embedded industrial automation programs. It also proposes a medium term translation technology exploiting LLVM IR to comprehensively analyze the industrial automation control programs of various manufacturers. By using LLVM IR, it is possible to perform integrated analysis on dynamic analysis. In this study, a prototype program that converts to a logical expression type of medium language was developed with regards to the S company's control program in order to verify our method.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the design identity visual elements of optical shop brand$\underline{s}$ in order to provide objective data necessary for optical shop brands' design development. Methods: This study examined the design identity concept of the optical shop brands and analyzed visual elements of brand design identity with a focus on the symbols of domestic franchise optical shops, type of a symbol mark, representation style of logo type, color usage, use or non-use of character, etc. Results: Many symbols were directly associated with the eyeglasses, such as eyeglasses and eyes, face and iris. Along with that, letters or figures were also observed. For the type of symbol, most types were found to have the designs that took spherical and word mark shapes. Particularly, the word mark type had English words more often than Korean words. For logo types, the gothic format was dominant. In relation to the thickness of letter, thick boldface type was commonly used. The combination of 2 degrees was the color frequency used most often in the optical shop brand design. For the frequency of color usage, black and red colors were used most often. Particularly, the orange color, as well as the black color, was also often used for the main color of symbols or logo types. Meanwhile, the characters were used only in some optical shop. Most characters were animals and expressed in the cartoon and graphical forms. Conclusions: Typifier, symbol mark, logo type, color, and character are the elements forming the basic development system for brand design identity. Systematic design is needed which clearly ensures the function and role along with the mutual consistency as a important visual component of the optical shop brand.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2014

As a basic study on both engineering applications and representation methods of synesthesia, this paper aims at building basic system which converts a muscular sense into both visual and auditory elements. As for the building method, data of the muscular sense can be acquired through roll and pitch signals which are calculated from both three-axis acceleration sensor and the two-axis gyro sensor. The roll and pitch signals are then converted into both visual and auditory information as outputs. The roll signals are converted into both intensity elements of the HSI color model and octaves as one of auditory elements. In addition, the pitch signals are converted into both hue elements of the HSI color model and scales as another one of auditory elements. Each of the extracted elements of the HSI color model is converted into each of the three elements of the RGB color model respectively, so that the real-time output color signals can be obtained. Octaves and scales are also converted and synthesized into MIDI signals, so that the real-time sound signals can be obtained as anther one of output signals. In experiments, the results revealed that normal color and sound output signals were successfully obtained from roll and pitch values that represent muscular senses or physical movements, depending on the conversion relationship based on the similarity between color and sound.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.548-553
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• 2014

In order to evaluate the performance of arrow that manufactures through production process, it is used that personal experiences such as hunters who have been using bow and arrow for a long time, technicians who produces leisure and sports equipment, and experts related with this industries. Also, the intensity of arrow's impact point which obtains from repeated shooting experiments is an important indicator for evaluating the performance of arrow. There are some ongoing researches for evaluating performance of arrow using intensity of the arrow's impact point and the arrow's flying image that obtained from high-speed camera. However, the research that deals with mutual relation between distribution of the arrow's impact point and characteristics of the arrow (length, weight, spine, overlap, straightness) is not enough. Therefore, this paper suggests both the system that could describes the distribution of the arrow's impact point into numerical representation and the correlation model between characteristics of arrow and impact points. The inputs of the model are characteristics of arrow (spine, straightness). And the output is MAD (mean absolute distance) of triangular shaped coordinates that could be obtained from 3 times repeated shooting by changing knock degree 120. The input-output data is collected for learning the correlation model, and ANN (artificial neural network) is used for implementing the model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2002

It has been known that the accurate estimates of 2-dimensional water quality model parameters are difficult for non-experts due to the complexity of theoretical background and input requirement and complicated inter-relationship between model Parameters. The main goal of this study is to Provide expert system for the optimal estimation of water quality model parameters, which is based on the development of chaining mechanism according to the sensitivity analysis of model parameter interactions and GUI interface system on ArcView Avenue. The selected study area is the 35.3- km main Han river starting from Paldang Dam site to the Point of Indo bridge and the tributary inflows including pollutant data are used for the system application and validation. The estimated main model parameters are 0.367 for transverse dispersion coefficient, 0.074 for and 0.162 for. It also shows that the simulated water quality constituents such as DO and BOD based on the estimated model parameters are well agreed with the observed ones. It can be concluded that the developed GIS-based expert system for water quality model parameter estimation and graphical representation of water quality analysis is useful for the scientific water quality management.