• Title/Summary/Keyword: Data Release

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MISCLASSIFIED TYPE 1 AGNS IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

  • Woo, Jong-Hak;Kim, Ji-Gang;Park, Daeseong;Bae, Hyun-Jin;Kim, Jae-Hyuk;Lee, Seung-Eon;Kim, Sang Chul;Kwon, Hong-Jin
    • Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.167-178
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    • 2014
  • We search for misclassified type 1 AGNs among type 2 AGNs identified with emission line flux ratios, and investigate the properties of the sample. Using 4 113 local type 2 AGNs at 0.02 < z < 0.05 selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we detected a broad component of the $H{\alpha}$ line with a Full-Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) ranging from 1 700 to $19090km\;s^{-1}$ for 142 objects, based on the spectral decomposition and visual inspection. The fraction of the misclassified type 1 AGNs among type 2 AGN sample is ~3.5%, implying that a large number of missing type 1 AGN population may exist. The misclassified type 1 AGNs have relatively low luminosity with a mean broad $H{\alpha}$ luminosity, log $L_{H\alpha}=40.50{\pm}0.35\;erg\;s^{-1}$, while black hole mass of the sample is comparable to that of the local black hole population, with a mean black hole mass, log $M_{BH}=6.94{\pm}0.51\;M_{\odot}$. The mean Eddington ratio of the sample is log $L_{bol}/L_{Edd}=-2.00{\pm}0.40$, indicating that black hole activity is relatively weak, hence, AGN continuum is too weak to change the host galaxy color. We find that the O III lines show significant velocity offsets, presumably due to outflows in the narrow-line region, while the velocity offset of the narrow component of the $H{\alpha}$ line is not prominent, consistent with the ionized gas kinematics of general type 1 AGN population.

The Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on the Production of Growth Factors and Cytokine by Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)가 치주인대 섬유아세포에서 분비되는 cytokine과 성장인자 TGF-β1, FGF-2 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Ji-Yoon;Lim, Sung-Sam;Baek, Seung-Ho;Bae, Kwang-Shik;Kang, Myung-Hoe;Lee, Woo-Cheol
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.191-197
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    • 2007
  • Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) would influence healing of periapical tissues by modulating the production of growth factors and cytokines from PDL fibroblasts, however, the studies are insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 $(TGF-\beta1)$, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from PDL fibroblasts in the presence of MTA. The human PDL fibroblasts were seeded onto the set MTA or IRM at a level of $1\times10^5$ cells per unit well, and further incubated for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The levels of $TGF-\beta1$, FGF-2 and IL-6 from the supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The level of $TGF-\beta1$ was down-reg ulated when the cells were grown in the presence of MTA except at 6 hours. The levels of FGF-2 release were significantly suppressed when PDL fibroblasts were grown in the presence of MTA or IRM at all time intervals (p < 0.05). The expressions of IL-6 from MTA treated co)Is were comparable to those of untreated control cells throughout the observation periods. We presume that this material inhibits the stimulatory function of growth factors on granulation tissue formation and in turn, it promotes the healing process modulated by other bone-remodeling cells.

Effect of Herbal-Acupuncture on Repeated Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization in the Rat (약침이 반복적인 코카인 투여로 인한 행동적 민감화 현상에 미치는 효과)

  • Lee, B.B;Yang, C.H.;Hahm, D.H.;Lee, H.J.;Shim, I.S.
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.7 no.1 s.12
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2004
  • Substantial evidence suggests that behavioral and reinforcing effects of cocaine can be mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. It has been shown that repeated injections of cocaine produce increase in locomotor activity, expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which was one of the main dopaminergic terminal areas. Herbal-acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for the treatment of many functional disorders such as drug abuse. Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and its main component, berberine (BER) were selected as herbal medicine of herbal-acupuncture. Both medicines have been known to have the therapeutic effect on the central nervous system. In order to investigate the effects of CR and BER herbalacupuncture at shenmen (HT7) point (CR/H and BER/H) on the cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, the influence of CR/H and BER/H on repeated cocaine-induced locomotor activity, the change of c-Fos expression in the brain by immunohistochemistry were examined. Male SD rats were given CR/H (0.4mg/kg) and BER/H (0.1mg/kg) 30 min before daily injections of cocaine hydrochloride (15mg/kg. i.p.) 10 days. After 3 days withdrawal, rats received a challenge injection of cocaine (15mg/kg, i.p.). Systemic challenge with cocaine produced much larger increased locomotor activity, accumbal Fos-like immunoreactivity in the NAc. Pretreatment with CR/H and BER/H significantly inhibited cocaine-induced locomotor activity, the change of c-Fos expression in the rats. Our data demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization by CR/H and BER/H were closely associated with the reduction of presynaptic dopamine release in the NAc. These results suggest that CR/H and BER/H can be effectively applied to cocaine addiction.

Bioequivalence of Alpit Tablet to Algiron Tablet (Cimetropium Bromide 50 mg) (알기론 정(브롬화 시메트로피움 50 mg)에 대한 알피트 정의 생물학적 동등성)

  • Cho, Hea-Young;Moon, Jai-Dong;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2002
  • Cimetropium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound which is chemically related to scopolamine, exhibits its antispasmodic activity by competing with acetylcholine for the muscarinic receptors of the smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract. The drug has been used for the treatment of various disorders involving spasms of the musculature of the gastrointestinal, biliary and genitourinary tracts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cimetropium bromide tablets, $Algiron^{TM}$ (Boehringer Ingelheim Korea Ltd.) and $Alpit^{TM}$ (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cimetropium bromide release from the two cimetropium bromide tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty normal male volunteers, $25.25{\pm}2.10$ years in age and $65.76{\pm}6.39$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After three tablets containing 50 mg of cimetropium bromide per tablet were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cimetropium bromide in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cimetropium bromide tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets based on the $Algiron^{TM}$ were 2.19%, -5.97% and 3.49%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $({\Delta})\;at \;{\alpha}=0.05\;and\;1-{\beta}=0.8$ were less than 20% (e.g., 13.71 %, 19.05% and 15.11% for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). The powers $(1-{\beta})\;at\;{\alpha}=0.05,\;{\Delta}=0.2\;for\;AUC_t$, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were 97.79%, 83.22% and 95.60%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ${\pm}20%$ (e.g., $-5.84{\sim}10.21,\;-17.11{\sim}5.18\;and\;-5.35{\sim}12.33\;for\;AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $0.94{\sim}1.10\;and\;0.85{\sim}1.05\;for\;AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that $Alpit^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Algiron^{TM}$ tablet.

Bioequivalence of Rispen Tablet to Risperdal Tablet (Risperidone 2 mg) (리스페달 정(리스페리돈 2mg)에 대한 리스펜 정의 생물학적 동등성)

  • Cho, Hea-Young;Park, Eun-Ja;Kang, Hyun-Ah;Baek, Seung-Hee;Lee, Suk;Park, Chan-Ho;Moon, Jai-Dong;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two risperidone tablets, Risperdal (Janssen Korea Co., Ltd.) and Rispen (Myung In Pharm. Co., Ltd), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The risperidone release from the two risperidone formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four healthy male subjects, $23.33\;{\pm}2.10$ years in age and $69.24{\pm}8.05\;kg$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\times}\;2$ cross over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg as risperidone was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of risperidone in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$,$C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$,$C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Risperdal were 0.20, -1.29 and -11-09% for $AUC_t$,$C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively There were no sequence effects two formulations in parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g.,$log(0.90){\sim}log(1.30)$ and $log(0.84){\sim}log(1.09)$ for$AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Rispen tablet and Risperdal tablet were bioequivalent.

Bioequivalence of Glimed Tablet to Amaryl Tablet (Glimepiride 2 mg) (아마릴 정(글리메피리드 2mg)에 대한 글리메드 정의 생물학적 동등성)

  • Cho, Hea-Young;Park, Eun-Ja;Kang, Hyun-Ah;Baek, Seung-Hee;Lee, Suk;Kim, Se-Mi;Moon, Jai-Dong;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two glimepiride tablets, $Amaryl^{\circledR}$ (Handok/Aventis Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Glimed (Kuhn II Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The glimepiride release from the two glimepiride formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB 80 into each dissolution medium). Twenty six healthy male subjects, $22.65{\pm}2.19$ years in age and $66.55{\pm}8.85$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\times}\;2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg as glimepiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of glimepiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Amaryl were -3.70, -8.28 and 0.61% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $log(0.84){\sim}log(1.04)$ for $log(0.82){\sim}log(1.03)$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Glimed tablet and Amaryl tablet were bioequivalent.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Characteristics of a New Biological Nutrient Removal Process with Pre-Denitrification by Pilot Scale and Computer Simulation Program (선단무산소조를 이용한 영양소제거공정(Bio-NET)의 질소·인 제거 특성)

  • Oh, Young-Khee;Oh, Sung-Min;Hwang, Yenug-Sang;Lee, Kung-Soo;Park, No-Yeon;Ko, Kwang-Baik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.121-132
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    • 2000
  • This study is to investigate the performance of a new BNR process using predenitrification scheme focusing on nitrogen removal and the possibility of adapting a computer simulation scheme in BNR process development. By using a pre-denitrification basin, higher $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio could be sustained in this BNR process. The results of the investigation showed a SDNR value of 9.04mg/gMv/hr. In the anoxic tank, the average value of SPRR of 6.25mgP/gMv/hr was observed to be very sensitive to SCOD load of influents. By calibrating internal parameters (stoichiometric and kinetic parameters) of the simulation model, the results of simulation for various BNR processes gave good agreement with observed data. The major adjustment was given with three parameters, maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophic biomass, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) limit, and phosphorous release rate. With the series of simulations on varying operational conditions, the simulation by computer program can be a useful tool for process selection, and design and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant.

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Estimation of Allowable Drop Height for Oriental Pears by Impact Tests (충격시험에 따른 배의 허용낙하높이 추정)

  • Kim, M. S.;Jung, H. M.;Seo, R.;Park, I. K.;Hwang, Y. S.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.461-468
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    • 2001
  • Impact between fruits and other materials is a major cause of product damage in harvesting and handling systems. The oriental pears are more susceptible to bruising than other fruits such as European pears and apples, and are required more careful handling. The interest in the handling of the pears for the processing systems has raised the question of the allowable drop height to which pears can be dropped without causing objectionable damage. Drop tests on pears were conducted using an impact device developed by authors to estimate the allowable drop height without bruising. The impact device was constructed to hold in a selected orientation and to release a fruit by vacuum for dropping on to a force transducer. The drop height was adjustable for zero to 60 cm to achieve the desired distance between the bottom of the fruits and the top of the impact force transducer. The transducer was secured to 150 kg$\sub$f/ concrete block. The transducer signal was sampled every 0.17 ms with a strain gage measurement board in the micro computer where it was digitaly stored for later analysis. The selected sample fruit was Niitaka cultivar of pears which is one of the most promising fruit for export in Korea. The pears were harvested during the 1998 harvest season from an orchard in Daejeon. The sample fruit was selected from two groups which were stored for 3 months and 5 months respectively by the method of current commercial practice. The pears were allowed to stabilize at environmental condition(18$^{\circ}C$, 65% rh) of the experimental room. One hundred fifty six pears were tested from the heights of 5, 7.5. 10 and 12.5 cm while measurement were made of impact peak force, contact time, time to peak force, dwell time, pear diameter and mass. The bioyield strength and modulus of elasticity were measured using UTM immediately after each drop test. The allowable drop height was estimated on the base of bioyield strength of the pears in two ways. One was assumed the peak force during impact test increasing linearly with time, and the other was based on the actual drop test results. The computer program was developed for measuring the impact characteristics of the pears and analyzing the data obtained in the study. The peak force increased while contact times decreased with increasing drop height and contact times of the sample from the hard tissue group. The allowable drop height increased with increasing bioyield strength and contact times, and also varied with Poisson\`s ratio, mass and equilibrium radius of the pears. The allowable drop height calculated by a theoretical method was in the range from 1 to 4 cm, meanwhile, the estimated drop height considering the result of the impact test was in the range from 1 to 6 cm. Since the physical properties of fruits affected significantly the allowable drop height, the physical properties of the fruits should be considered when estimating the allowable drop height.

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Transition Metal Induces Apoptosis in MC3T3E1 Osteoblast: Evidence of Free Radical Release

  • Chae, Han-Jung;Chae, Soo-Wan;Kang, Jang-Sook;Yun, Dong-Hyeon;Bang, Byung-Gwan;Kang, Mi-Ra;Kim, Hyung-Min;Kim, Hyung-Ryong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2000
  • Transition metal ions including $Se^{2+},\;Cd^{2+},\;Hg^{2+}\;or\;Mn^{2+}$ have been thought to disturb the bone metabolism directly. However, the mechanism for the bone lesion is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that MC3T3E1 osteoblasts, exposed to various transition metal ions; selenium, cadmium, mercury or manganese, generated massive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The released ROS were completely quenched by free radical scavengers-N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), or superoxide dismutase (SOD). First, we have observed that selenium $(10\;{\mu}M),$ cadmium $(100\;{\mu}M),$ mercury $(100\;{\mu}M)$ or manganese (1 mM) treatment induced apoptotic phenomena like DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and caspase-3-like cysteine protease activation in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. Concomitant treatment of antioxidant; N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), reduced-form glutathione (GSH), or superoxide dismutase (SOD), prevented apoptosis induced by each of the transition metal ions. Catalase or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has less potent inhibitory effect on the apoptosis, compared with NAC, GSH or SOD. In line with the results, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) stain shows that each of the transition metals is a potent source of free radicals in MC3T3E1 osteoblast. Our data show that oxidative damage is associated with the induction of apoptosis in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts following $Se^{2+},\;Cd^{2+},\;Hg^{2+}\;or\;Mn^{2+}$ treatment.

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Dexamethasone Induces $Fc{\gamma}RIIb$ Expression in RBL-2H3 Cells

  • Silwal, Prashanta;Lee, Mi-Nam;Lee, Choong-Jae;Hong, Jang-Hee;NamGung, Uk;Lee, Zee-Won;Kim, Jinhyun;Lim, Kyu;Kweon, Gi Ryang;Park, Jong Il;Park, Seung Kiel
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.393-398
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    • 2012
  • Mast cells are involved in allergic responses, protection against pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Dexamethasone (Dex) and other glucocorticoids suppress $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. The inhibition mechanisms were mainly investigated on the downstream signaling of Fc receptor activations. Here, we addressed the effects of Dex on Fc receptor expressions in rat mast cell line RBL-2H3. We measured mRNA levels of Fc receptors by real-time PCR. As expected, Dex decreased the mRNA levels of activating Fc receptor for IgE ($Fc{\varepsilon}R$) I and increased the mRNA levels of the inhibitory Fc receptor for IgG $Fc{\gamma}RIIb$. Interestingly, Dex stimulated transcriptions of other activating receptors such as Fc receptors for IgG ($Fc{\gamma}R$) I and $Fc{\gamma}RIII$. To investigate the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation, we employed a transcription inhibitor actinomycin D and a translation inhibitor cycloheximide. The inhibition of protein synthesis without Dex treatment enhanced $Fc{\gamma}RI$ and $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ mRNA levels potently, while $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ and $Fc{\gamma}RIIb$ were minimally affected. Next, we examined expressions of the Fc receptors on cell surfaces by the flow cytometric method. Only $Fc{\gamma}RIIb$ protein expression was significantly enhanced by Dex treatment, while $Fc{\gamma}RI$, $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression levels were marginally changed. Our data showed, for the first time, that Dex regulates Fc receptor expressions resulting in augmentation of the inhibitory receptor $Fc{\gamma}RIIb$.