• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.285-288
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• 2019

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes economic problems in livestock industry because of fast spread and inducing low productivity. FMD outbreaks occurred in South Korea over the period from 2000 to 2019. Vaccination is the most practical and effective means of controlling or preventing these outbreaks, and a national vaccination policy has been in place for all FMD-susceptible animals since 2010. To prevent and control of FMD, South Korea has been using vaccines imported from the United Kingdom, Argentina, and Russia. The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of South Korea oversees continuous quality control of imported FMD vaccines. FMD vaccines were evaluated characteristics, sterility, pH, inactivation, safety, potency test by Korean FMD vaccine standard assay (Test for National Lot Release). The 6 company vaccines (A~F) were used Test for National Lot Release by each method. We evaluated quality of each FMD vaccine from 2015 to 2019. All batch of vaccine showed good quality control and were passed the Test for National Lot Release. The serotypes of vaccine are increasingly changing to multiple vaccine because the FMD was outbreak by various serotype virus in South Korea. Furthermore, this data may be useful as a basis for ensuring the quality of FMD vaccines and for base data to manage them. Additional study is required to simple approach for rapid evaluation of quality and antigen content identification in vaccines.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.145-158
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• 2019

We conducted a survey of open clusters within 1 kpc from the Sun using the astrometric and photometric data of the Gaia Data Release 2. We found 655 cluster candidates by visual inspection of the stellar distributions in proper motion space and spatial distributions in l - b space. All of the 655 cluster candidates have a well defined main-sequence except for two candidates if we consider that the main sequence of very young clusters is somewhat broad due to differential extinction. Cross-matching of our 653 open clusters with known open clusters in various catalogs resulted in 207 new open clusters. We present the physical properties of the newly discovered open clusters. The majority of the newly discovered open clusters are of young to intermediate age and have less than ~50 member stars.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2006

Purpose: Open lateral release and complete lateral release have been conducted as a surgical method in patients with patellofemoral malalignment. But authors sought to find out the best method by conducting selective release, with minimal excision of the involved lesion, and comparative analyzing the result, as postoperative satisfaction and complication. Materials and Methods: Over the 68 patients of 90 cases who underwent arthroscopic release, among 94 patients of 129 cases who underwent lateral retinacular release, from January 1993 to June 1998 were followed up prospectively. A radiological evaluation of patellar inclination, patellar tilt, congruence angle, and Q-angle and a clinical evaluation of HSS-Knee score and modified patellar score were used for analysis data before operation and data at 1 year and 5 year after operation. Results: According to the radiologic evaluation, the patellar tilt and translation revealed improvement of the results, from $13.4^{\circ}$ and 12.1mm to $3.6^{\circ}$ and 3.8mm with arthroscopic lateral complete release, and from $12.3^{\circ}$ and 11.2mm to $4.8^{\circ}$ and 5.2mm with selective release, and from $13.6^{\circ}$ and 12.3mm to $3.3^{\circ}$ and 3mm with open release. But they were not significantly related to the clinical results. HSS-Knee score was 84.2%(48/57), 81.8%(27/33), 82.1%(32/39) and modified patellar score was 82.5%(47/57), 81.8%(27/33), 82.1%(32/39) respectively, which revealed satisfactory results. And no significant difference among the operative methods were shown. Conclusion: Arthroscopic lateral retinacular release which is one of the surgical method for patellofemoral malalignment enhances rehabilitation and satisfaction of the patient, by releasing the involved retinaculum within lesser surgical extent, compared to open and complete lateral release without complications such as adhesion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1232-1238
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• 2009

Neurotransmitter release is regulated by various proteins of the active zone in the presynaptic nerve terminals. Dopamine (DA) is an essential neurotransmitter associated with the pathophysiology of diverse behavioral and mental illness such as schizophrenia and drug addiction. We measured synaptosomal DA release of knockout (KO) mice which lacked major genes related to neurotransmitter release. Synaptosomal DA uptake and release were performed and measured using [$^3H$]-DA and superfusion experiments. 3 of the 17 KO mice exhibited altered DA release compared to their littermate controls. In $Rim1{\alpha}$ KO, [$^3H$]-DA release evoked by membrane depolarization significantly decreased. Both basal (physiological buffer-evoked) and membrane depolarization-evoked DA release significantly decreased in dopaminergic conditional KO of $Rim1{\alpha}{\beta}$. Dopaminergic conditional KO of neurexin3 demonstrated a significant increase of membrane depolarization-evoked DA release. These data explain the similarities and distinctions between DA and other classical neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA ($\gamma$-aminobutyric acid) release. In conclusion, $Rim1{\alpha}$ and neurexin3 may be important regulators of presynaptic DA release and related to disorders of the nervous system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An accurate prediction of dormancy release and bud burst in temperate zone fruit trees is indispensable for farmers to plan heating time under partially controlled environments as well as to reduce the risk of frost damage in open fields. A thermal time-based two-step phenological model that originated in Italy was applied to two important grapevine cultivars in Korea for predicting bud-burst dates. The model consists of two sequential periods: a rest period described by chilling requirement and a forcing period described by heating requirement. It requires daily maximum and minimum temperature as an input and calculates daily chill units (chill days in negative sign) until a pre-determined chilling requirement for rest release is met. After the projected rest release date, it adds daily heat units (anti-chill days in positive sign) to the chilling requirement. The date when the sum reaches zero isregarded as the bud-burst in the model. Controlled environment experiments using field sampled twigs of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars were carried out in the vineyard at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in Suwon during 2004-2005 to derive the model parameters: threshold temperature for chilling and chilling requirement for breaking dormancy. The model adjusted with the selected parameters was applied to the 1994-2004 daily temperature data obtained from the automated weather station in the NHRI vineyard to estimate bud burst dates of two cultivars and the results were compared with the observed data. The model showed a consistently good performance in predicting the bud burst of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars with 2.6 and 2.5 days of root mean squared error, respectively.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

The release of a site and building from regulatory control is the final stage of the decommissioning process. The MARSSIM (Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual) provides overall framework for conducting data collection for a final status survey to demonstrate compliance with site closure requirements. The KAERI carried out establishing a final status survey by using the guidance provided in the MARSSIM for of a site and building of the Korea Research Reactor. The release criteria for a site and building were set up based on these results of the site specific release levels which were calculated by using RESRAD and RESRAD-Build codes. The survey design for a site and building was classified by using the survey dataset and potential contamination. The number of samples in each survey unit was calculated by through a statistical test using the collected data from a scoping and characterization survey. The results of the final status survey were satisfied the release criteria based on an evaluation of the measured data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2010

In this paper, we were researched decision problem called an optimal release policies after testing a software system in development phase and transferring it to the user. The applied model of release time exploited infinite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process This infinite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process is a model which reflects the possibility of introducing new faults when correcting or modifying the software. The intensity function used Gompertz, Preto and Log-logstic pattern which has the efficient various property. Thus, optimal software release policies which minimize a total average software cost of development and maintenance under the constraint of satisfying a software reliability requirement becomes an optimal release policies. In a numerical example, after trend test applied and estimated the parameters using maximum likelihood estimation of inter-failure time data, estimated software optimal release time.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 1998

In order to develop a desirable in vitro release which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability, hollow type suppository containing Propranolol HCl(PPH) powder in the cavity and conventional type suppository with dispersed PPH in the base were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as a base and PPH as a model drug were used for the preparation of suppository. The rates of drug release from the suppositories were studied by Paddle method, Muranish method, Dialysis tubing method and Rotating dialysis cell method. The release profiles from suppositories using the four different release tests were compared. After a rectal administration in rat, the mean $C_{max}$ of hollow type suppository was significantly lower than that of conventional type, but $T_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\to}12}$ and MRT of hollow type were significantly higher 1.6 times, 1.2 times and 1.9 times than those of conventional type, respectively. The computer program was used to simulate plasma concentration from in vitro released amounts of drug and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on comparison of the simulated bioavailability from computer program with experimental bioavailability in rat we have found out in vitro release test which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability. Our results have shown the best correlation between in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability in PPH-PVA hydrogel hollow type suppository for the paddle method and conventional type suppository for the rotating dialysis cell method. In this work we propose that PPH-PVA hydrogel suppository shows in vitro-in vivo correlation. This data should help to optimize the formulation of the drug and provide a basis for quality control procedures.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

The traditional Asian medicinal herb, roots of Astragalus (A.) membranaceus (Leguminosae), is used for many purposes, some of which are purported to stimulate the release of growth hormone in vivo. Extracts of A. membranaceus were tested to determine whether they stimulate the release of growth hormone in rat pituitary cell culture. A. membranaceus was extracted sequentially with 80% ethanol (fraction A), n-hexane (fraction B); the test compound from the herbal extraction was isolated using silica gel column chromatography and was identified with spectral data. Test compound was also extracted by traditional boiling water methods. Induction of growth hormone in pituitary cell culture was conducted with isolated compounds and extracted fractions of A. Radix (dried roots of A. membranaceus). The fraction A was not active in the rat pituitary cell culture, but the fraction B derived from the ethanol fraction stimulated the release of growth hormone in culture. Six compounds from fraction B (1-6) were isolated and identified previously. The compounds 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid diisononylester (1), $\beta$-sitosterol (2), and 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl-$\beta$-sitosterol (5) did not induce growth hormone release in the culture. Formononetin (3), 9Z, 12Z-octadecadienoic acid (4), stigmast-4-en-6$\beta$-o1-3-one (6) and 98-E, a mixture of 1'-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-2',3'-dihydroxy-propylester (7) and 1'-hexadecanoic acid-2',3'-dihydroxy-propylester (8) stimulated the release of growth hormone in the rat pituitary cell culture significantly compared to the control. In conclusions, four compounds isolated from extracts of A. Radix induced growth hormone release in the rat pituitary cell culture. The 98-E isolate was the most active inducer of growth hormone release.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

Decision problem called an optimal release policies, after testing a software system in development phase and transfer it to the user, is studied. The applied model of release time exploited infinite non-homogeneous Poisson process. This infinite non-homogeneous Poisson process is a model which reflects the possibility of introducing new faults when correcting or modifying the software. The failure life-cycle distribution used exponential and non-exponential family which has various intensity. Thus, software release policies which minimize a total average software cost of development and maintenance under the constraint of satisfying a software reliability requirement becomes an optimal release policies. In a numerical example, after trend test applied and estimated the parameters using maximum likelihood estimation of inter-failure time data, estimated software optimal release time.