• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.469-472
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• 2008

In this paper, we discuss the recent trends on the passive UHF RFID tag chip design techniques and several important system parameters. We also summarize link budget studies on both conventional and modem UHF RFID communications. The paper highlights the reverse link limited case, which has known to be the minor concern if reader continuous wave (CW) can reach the tag in sufficient level. This makes sense when the tag sensitivity is rather high (over 10-12${\mu}W$); however, since the tag chip fabrication technologies have been developed by time, the tag chip threshold levels are now less-dominant in determining link margin. If the tag limitation can be alleviated, the forward link limited case can be resolved; thus, we rather focus on the path-loss problem. Since the path-losses are still exist in both forward and reverse links, and it can be doubled while CW travels the reader-tag-reader path because forward link and reverse link are on the same distance. Consider if reader receiver sensitivity is very high in the worst case. In this case, weaken tag response (i.e., backscatters) cannot reach the level that reader receiver can process tag data; bit-error rate can be higher. Overall, backscatter levels should be high enough so that reader receiver can correctly function. After discussing link budget, we carried out practical measurements on fading effects between two circularly polarized UHF RFID antennas in a small scale area.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of developed assisting wear which maximize trunk(back) muscle's stretch-shortening effect during backswing and downswing for increasing golf ball carrying distance. Design and fabrication of assistive wear were performed based on the results of analyzed data of trunk EMG activity from the golf drive swings of elite professional male golfers during back swing and downswing phases. After the prototype of wear was produced, surface EMG and Flight scope tests were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the wear for increasing distance to the professional golfers. Results indicated that wearing trial showed significant longer carry distance than the non-wearing trial(p<.001). The carry distance of wearing trial showed an average 229 m compared to the non-wearing trial, the average 225 m. The swing with wearing also produced significantly faster ball speed than the trial without wearing(p<.05). Average 245 Km/h and 244 Km/h were produced for the swing with and without wearing trails, respectively. EMG results also indicated that the muscle activity of left psoas was significantly increased for wearing trial during downswing and near the impact. Thus, this may affect positively to increase club head speed. The activity of the left latissimus dorsi was dramatically increased during the final stage of swing. This generates elongation effect for longer follow-through and increased impulse between club and ball so eventually valid assistance to increase carry distance. Therefore, the developed assisting wear was proved to be effective tool for increasing golf ball carry distance with maximizing trunk(back) muscle's stretch-shortening effect during backswing and downswing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2018

A microcell $UO_2$ pellet, as an accident-tolerant fuel pellet, is being developed to enhance the accident tolerance of nuclear fuels under accident conditions as well as the fuel performance under normal operation conditions. Improved capture-ability for highly radioactive and corrosive fission product (Cs and I) is the distinct feature of a ceramic microcell $UO_2$ pellet, and the enhanced pellet thermal conductivity is that of a metallic microcell $UO_2$ pellet. The fuel temperature can be effectively decreased by enhanced thermal conductivity. In this study, the material concepts of metallic and ceramic microcell $UO_2$ pellets were designed, and the fabrication process of microcell $UO_2$ pellets embodying the designed concept was developed. We successfully implemented the microcell $UO_2$ pellets and produced microcell $UO_2$ pellets. In addition, an assessment of the out-of-pile properties of a microcell $UO_2$ pellet was performed, and the in-reactor performance and behavior of the developed microcell pellets were evaluated through a Halden irradiation test. According to the expectations, the excellent performance of the microcell $UO_2$ pellets was confirmed by the online measurement data of the Halden irradiation test.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.362-365
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• 2005

Currently Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) has become an essential step in the overall semiconductor wafer fabrication technology. Especially the CMP pad conditioner, one of the diamond tools, is required to have strong diamond retention. Strong cohesion between diamond grits and metal matrix prevents macro scratch on the wafer. If diamond retention is weak, the diamond will be pulled out of metal matrix. The pulled diamond grits are causative of macro scratch on wafer during CMP process. Firstly, some results will be reported of cohesion between diamond grits and metal matrix on the diamond tools prepared by three different manufacturing methods. A measuring instrument with sharp cemented carbide connected with a push-pull gauge was manufactured to measure the cohesion between diamond grits and metal matrix. The retention force of brazed diamond tool was stronger than the others. The retention force was also increased in proportion to the contact area of diamond grits and metal matrix. The brazed diamond tool has a strong chemical combination of the interlayer composed of chrome in metal matrix and carbon which enhance the interfacial cohesion strength between diamond grits and metal matrix. Secondly, we measured real-time data of the coefficient of friction and the pad wear rate by using CMP tester (CETR, CP-4). CMP pad conditioner samples were manufactured by brazed, electro-plated and sintered methods. The coefficient of friction and the pad wear rate were shown differently according to the arranged diamond patterns. Consequently, the coefficient of friction is increased according as the space between diamonds is increased or the concentration of diamonds is decreased. The pad wear rate is increased according as the degree of diamond protrusion is increased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.742-752
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• 2017

본 논문은 중공슬래브 교량의 장점을 극대화하여 프라캐스트로 제작된 PSC-I거더의 단순한 조립을 통해 중공슬래브를 형성시키는 교량공법을 제안하고 이를 검증하였다. 하천이나 단지 내 교량과 같이 저형고 거더교가 요구되는 현장에 고가인 강합성 계열의 교량이 적용되어 과도한 공사비가 소요되고 있으며, 다양한 장점을 갖는 중공슬래브 교량이 콘크라트의 현장타설로 인해 중공부에 구조적 균열이 발생하여 그 적용성이 확장되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 새로운 거더공법을 대안으로 제시하고 설계기준에 따른 강도와 응력검토, 제작을 위한 거푸집의 설계, 시공단계별 절차 등 현업적용을 위한 기반기술을 개발하였으며, 조립된 거더가 일체로 거동하도록 각 거더의 횡방향 연결을 위한 다양한 공법을 제시하고 적정성을 검토하였다. 또한, 실물크기의 실험체 거더 2본을 제작하고 시공과정에서의 문제점들을 도출하였으며, 하중재하 실험을 수행하여 거더의 성능과 적용성을 검토하였다. 실험결과, 하중의 편측 재하시 발생한 수직변위 계측을 통해 두 거더가 일체로 거동하는 것을 확인하였으며, 설계하중 내에서 선형탄성 휨 거동을 보이며 예상된 설계 강도를 넘어서는 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2015

Background: Source material used to fill calvarial defects includes autologous bones and synthetic alternatives. While autologous bone is preferable to synthetic material, autologous reconstruction is not always feasible due to defect size, unacceptable donor-site morbidity, and other issues. Today, advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow for fabrication of titanium implants customized to the exact need of individual patients with calvarial defects. In this report, we present three cases of calvarial reconstructions using 3D-printed porous titanium implants. Methods: From 2013 through 2014, three calvarial defects were repaired using custom-made 3D porous titanium implants. The defects were due either to traumatic subdural hematoma or to meningioma and were located in parieto-occipital, fronto-temporo-parietal, and parieto-temporal areas. The implants were prepared using individual 3D computed tomography (CT) data, Mimics software, and an electron beam melting machine. For each patient, several designs of the implant were evaluated against 3D-printed skull models. All three cases had a custom-made 3D porous titanium implant laid on the defect and rigid fixation was done with 8 mm screws. Results: The custom-made 3D implants fit each patient's skull defect precisely without any dead space. The operative site healed without any specific complications. Postoperative CTs revealed the implants to be in correct position. Conclusion: An autologous graft is not a feasible option in the reconstruction of large calvarial defects. Ideally, synthetic materials for calvarial reconstruction should be easily applicable, durable, and strong. In these aspects, a 3D titanium implant can be an optimal source material in calvarial reconstruction.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.283-292
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• 2008

The foremost criterion in the design of a Satellite Launch Vehicle(SLV) is its performance capability to boost the designated payload to the desired mission orbit; it starts from focusing on the SLV configuration to achieve the velocity requirements($}\Delta}V$) for the mission. In this paper we review an analytical approach which is suitable enough for preliminary conceptual design and is used previously to optimize stage configurations for Two Stage to Orbit SLV for Low Earth Orbit(LEO) Missions; we have extended this approach to Three Stage to Orbit SLV and compared different propellant options for the mission. The objective is to minimize the Gross Lift off Weight(GLOW). The primary performance figures of merit were the total inert weight of the SLV and the payload weight that the SLV could lift into LEO, given candidate propulsion systems. The optimization is achieved by configuring the $}\Delta}V$ between stages. A comparison of configurations of single-stage and multi-stage SLVs is made for different propellants. Based upon the optimized stage configurations a comparative performance analysis is made between Liquid and Solid fueled SLV. A 3 degree of freedom trajectory-analysis program is modeled in SIMULINK and used to conduct the performance analysis. Furthermore, a cost analysis is performed on our stage optimized SLVs. The cost estimation relationships(CER) used give us a comparison of development and fabrication costs for the Liquid vs. Solid fueled SLV in man years. The pros and cons of the production, operation ability, performance, responsiveness, logistics, price, shelf life, storage etc of both Solid and Liquid fueled SLVs are discussed. The statistics and data are used from existing or historical(real) SLV stages.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2015

We consider a wafer lot transfer/release planning problem from semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities to probing facilities with the objective of minimizing the deviation of workload and total tardiness of customers' orders. Due to the complexity of the considered problem, we propose a two-level hierarchical production planning method for the lot transfer problem between two parallel facilities to obtain an executable production plan and schedule. In the higher level, the solution for the reduced mathematical model with Lagrangian relaxation method can be regarded as a coarse good lot transfer/release plan with daily time bucket, and discrete-event simulation is performed to obtain detailed lot processing schedules at the machines with a priority-rule-based scheduling method and the lot transfer/release plan is evaluated in the lower level. To evaluate the performance of the suggested planning method, we provide computational tests on the problems obtained from a set of real data and additional test scenarios in which the several levels of variations are added in the customers' demands. Results of computational tests showed that the proposed lot transfer/planning architecture generates executable plans within acceptable computational time in the real factories and the total tardiness of orders can be reduced more effectively by using more sophisticated lot transfer methods, such as considering the due date and ready times of lots associated the same order with the mathematical formulation. The proposed method may be implemented for the problem of job assignment in back-end process such as the assignment of chips to be tested from assembly facilities to final test facilities. Also, the proposed method can be improved by considering the sequence dependent setup in the probing facilities.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of digitally designed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks, constructed by additive and subtractive methods castable resin patterns, using comparative 3D analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A Kennedy class III mod. 1 educational maxillary model was used in this study. The cast was scanned after modification, and a removable partial denture framework was digitally designed. Twelve frameworks were constructed. Two groups were defined: Group A: six frameworks were milled with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks; Group B: six frameworks were printed with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks. Comparative 3D analysis was used to measure the accuracy of the fabricated frameworks using Geomagic Control X software. Student's t-test was used for comparing data. P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS. Regarding the accuracy of the occlusal rests, group A (milled) (0.1417 ± 0.0224) showed significantly higher accuracy than group B (printed) (0.02347 ± 0.0221). The same results were found regarding the 3D comparison of the overall accuracy, in which group A (0.1501 ± 0.0205) was significantly more accurate than group B (0.179 ± 0.0137). CONCLUSION. In indirect fabrication techniques, subtractive manufacturing yields more accurate RPDs than additive manufacturing.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2018

선운사 대웅전의 훼손된 단청문화재를 대상으로 3차원(3D) 스캐닝을 활용한 간접전사방식을 통해 단청 문양에 직접 손을 대지 않고 1:1 비율로 모사도를 제작하였다. 기존 단청문양의 모사방법은 트레싱지를 단청 위에 대고 핀을 고정한 이후에 네임펜을 사용해서 아웃라인을 그리고 아웃라인을 사용해서 전체적인 비율로 모사도를 제작하고 있다. 때문에 대상 단청에 직접전사하는 수작업 방식으로 대상물의 손상 우려와 조사자 개인의 치수 오차가 항상 내재되어 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 단청문화재 모사도 제작 과정 방식에서 오는 여러 가지 문제점의 대안으로 3D 스캐닝을 통한 간접전사방식을 제안하여 형상의 왜곡이나 치수 오차의 발생을 감소시키고 훼손을 방지할 수 있었다. 연구 결과 비교적 객관적이고 정밀한 실제 비율의 모사도를 제작하였고 제작 과정에 관한 관련 데이터를 구축할 수 있었다. 또한 모사도 및 복원도의 제작뿐만 아니라 3D 원본데이터, 가공 3D 데이터, 부재도면 등의 다양한 자료들을 폭넓게 이용 가능하며 3D 컨텐츠 제작으로 새로운 가상 박물관의 운용 또한 가능할 것으로 생각된다.