• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2014

Purpose - The objective of this study was to examine the volatility of the exchange rate of the Somali shilling (SoSh) during 2010, especially the exchange rate between the Somali shilling and US dollar. Research design, data, and methodology - The study employed aquantitative research design; the data was analyzed using contents analysis for the data pertaining to the exchange rate between the US dollar and Somali Shilling in 2010. Results - The main findings were that the exchange rate was very volatile during 2010 because of three sources: (1) Imbalance of demand and supply in the money market, (2) People adopting the US dollar as the medium of exchange forgoods and services, thereby reducing the circulation of the SoSh, and (3) Lack of a strong central bank. Conclusions - The study suggested three possible remedies: the establishment of an effective central bank that matches the demand and supply of the currencies, adoption of the Somali shilling as the official currency base for the prices of commodities, and minimizing the imports into the country and maximizing its exports, to support the strengthening of the Somali shilling.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2009

In this research, a model to measure the correlation between the performance of customer contact center and the business performance is developed using the well-known model, the market damage model of TARP. Three hypotheses are suggested and verified using real customer profit data and customer access data of the Industrial bank of Korea. As a result of this research, we know that there is a positive relation between increase of business profit and contact experience of customers to customer contact center. Also, customer satisfaction level for customer contact center contact experience is positively correlated with increase of business profit of the company. However, we could not find a meaningful correlation result between number of contacts to customer contact center and the business profit. Although this study is based on a particular one company data, the analyzation framework can be applicable to other banking companies for showing relations between performance of customer contact center and business profit of the company.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.413-429
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of consumers' inflation expectations using consumers' inflation perceptions and the sub-components of consumer price index (CPI) basket in South Korea based on a consumer survey conducted by the Bank of Korea (BOK). Design/methodology/approach - Using Carroll's (2003) epidemiological model, we analyzed data from January 2013 to January 2023, resulting in a data set of 121 observations for both inflation perceptions and inflation expectations. This study focuses only on aggregate inflation expectations and perceptions because of data availability from the BOK. Findings - Professionals' forecasts play a major role in forming consumers' inflation expectations, whereas the actual headline CPI and consumers' inflation perceptions do not. These results remain robust when including the sub-components of the CPI basket in the analysis. Research implications or Originality - It would be the most efficient way to suppress professionals' expected inflation in fighting against a substantial spike in consumers' inflation expectations. To guide consumers' inflation expectations based on BOK's inflation targeting, the bank needs to consider professionals' forecasts in devising monetary policies.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 최근, 자연환경의 변화에 따른 생태계 예측과 지속가능한 개발과 보전의 정량적 근거 제시를 위해 전세계적으로 연구중요도와 활용도가 높아지고 있는 생태 조사연구 데이터의 정제와 표준화 및 서비스 방안에 대하여 제시하였다. 1997년부터 매 10년 단위로 전국을 대상으로 수행된 제2차, 제3차 전국자연환경조사 결과와 2014년부터 매 5년 단위로 수행된 제4차 전국자연환경조사 결과를 대상으로 전국자연환경조사 지침을 따라 별도 개발된 입력 오류 검증 프로그램을 통해 1차 정제 후 분야별 전문가의 검수를 거쳤다. 또한, 국내외 데이터 표준 사례들을 분석하여 국내의 자연환경과 생태조사 자료인 생태정보를 표준화하는 방안을 제시하였다. 전국자연환경조사 결과에 대해 (1) 조사자료인 데이터 용어의 표준화, (2) 유사한 유형의 데이터 테이블 통합 및 (3) 불필요한 속성과 입력오류를 제거하였고 (4) 현장 조사자 별로 상이한 입력항목의 단일화, (5) 데이터를 일련번호 코드로 정리하고 (6) 입력항목별 코드 매핑을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 연구자와 일반인들이 활용하기 쉽도록 전국자연환경조사 데이터를 정제하고 국내 최초의 생태데이터 표준안 마련의 기반을 수립하였다. 또한, 연구결과로 산출된 전국자연환경조사 데이터는 국내의 환경영향평가, 서식지 보전지역 설정, 멸종위기종 분포 예측, 기후변화에 따른 생태계 위험 예측은 물론, 국외 생태정보 연계 등에 손쉽게 공유 및 활용가능하여 다양한 환경정책수립과 관련 연구활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구를 통해 정제된 전국자연환경조사 데이터는 국립생태원에서 국내 최초로 개발중인 생태정보포털서비스 시스템인 에코뱅크 (http://nie-ecobank.kr)를 통해 개방하여 누구나 온라인상에서 쉽게 접근하고 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제60권
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• pp.141-175
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• 2013

The purpose of this study aims to the implications by the introduction of TSU/BPO system as a instrument of trade settlement. Jointly with financial messaging provider SWIFT, the ICC Banking Commission has developed the URBPO to take into account the legitimate expectations of all relevant sectors. Once the goods have been shipped, the seller's bank uploads the shipping and logistics data to the TSU to be checked against the baseline. URBPO is the first ever set of standards in supply chain finance that governs BPO transactions worldwide. BPO enables banks to reduce the risks associated with international trade to the benefit of both buyers and sellers. A BPO is an irrevocable undertaking given by an Obliger Bank to a Recipient Bank to pay a specified amount under the condition of a successful electronic matching of data or acceptance of mismatches. The BPO should be viewed as an exercise in collaboration between trading partners and their banks. Drawings upon global standards and incorporating the benefits offered by letters of credit, the new instrument has the potential to benefit all parties in a trade transaction-and bring trade settlement into the 21st century.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

Purpose: The issue of access to credit for private enterprises has been given an increased amount of attention given their crucial role in fueling economic growth. Vietnamese small and medium-sized businesses, however, face many obstacles in accessing financing for profitable investment opportunities, with up to 70% unable to access or obtain bank loans. This paper aims to address the factors affecting the credit accessibility of Vietnamese enterprises, and provide further insights of this issue under the new context of Basel II. Research design, data and methodology: We adopt a pooled sections approach to construct a sample of 155 firm observations before and after the implementation of Basel II accord in Vietnam and employing binary logistic regression and interaction terms for data analysis. Results: We find that firm characteristics (export participation, female ownership) and proxies for bank-borrower relationship (deposit, overdraft facility) have significant and positive effects on firm's access to credit. Notably, the sign of interaction coefficient shows that the implementation of Basel II tends to benefit small-sized firms in terms of credit accessibility. Conclusions: The finding further emphasizes the important role of relationship lending in Vietnam's credit market, which is even more critical for small firms when Basel II is universally applied as the new banking standards in the coming years.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2020

The paper investigates the factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks in Asian developing countries, including Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. We use panel data of four entities; ten banks in Vietnam, eight banks in Malaysia, nine banks in Thailand and all 27 commercial banks from the period 2012 to 2016. Particularly, Return on Asset, Return on Equity and TOBINQ are defined as profitability indicators, which are impacted by three main types of independent variables, namely bank-specifics, which include CAR, NPL, Cost to income, Liquidity ratio and Bank size, industry-specific variable-concentration HHI and macroeconomic-specific variables, which consist of GDP growth and Inflation. Using panel data regressions, the paper identifies several similarities and differences among empirical results on the models of four entities, each of three countries and the overall sample. The most outstanding similarity is that all entities record the significantly negative relationship between operational risk and banking profitability. Likewise, the significantly negative influence of bank size to profitability is found on models of Vietnam and Thailand and no significant effect on the model of Malaysia. Meanwhile, the most controversial result comes up with the negative relationship between CAR and profitability indicators as well as the positive association between credit risk and banking profitability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of profit and loss sharing (PLS) contracts on non-performing financing of Islamic rural banks as Islamic small banks focus on small and medium enterprises at province level across country. Our study employs panel data, consisting of 142 Islamic rural banks and using quarterly data from 2013Q1 to 2018Q4, and splits them based on the bank's size and geographical area. Both static and dynamic panel regressions are then applied. The results obviously indicate that a high proportion of profit and loss sharing contracts leads to high financing risk. The large Islamic banks encounter a higher non-performing financing stemming from profit and loss contracts compared to small Islamic banks. Profit and loss contracts also produce higher financing risk for Islamic banks outside Java, as those areas are less developed areas than Java itself. A more efficient Islamic bank is less financing risk. Income diversification lessens the impaired financing and, more particularly, large Islamic banks and Islamic banks located in Java much benefit by diversifying income and financing to lower financing risk. Our study suggests that Islamic rural banks may consider the optimal level of profit and loss sharing contracts to minimize financing risk.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.747-757
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of bank regulation and supervision on the efficiency of banking sectors on 108 Islamic banks from 26 countries offering Islamic banking and finance products and services. The technical efficiencies of individual Islamic banks have been analyzed using the data envelopment analysis method (DEA). The ordinary least square estimation method is employed to examine the impact of country supervision and regulation on the technical efficiency of Islamic banks. The empirical findings suggest that supervisory power, activity restrictions and private monitoring positively influence the efficiency of Islamic banks. The study revealed that Islamic banks that are operating in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and middle-income countries are more technically efficient given the less stringent rules on capital requirement and we found that there is statistically significant evidence that higher capital requirements are negatively associated with the efficiency of Islamic banks. The empirical findings of this study are expected to help policy-makers and government officials to better understand how their decisions affect the performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate loyalty rewards programs on customers' satisfaction in Jordanian banks, and to investigate the statistical differences in loyalty rewards programs and customers' satisfaction according to demographics such as age, sex, education level, duration of engagement with bank, and the type of bank. The study is based on the data obtained from the sample. The questionnaire is the tool for collecting data from the respondents. The study materials include website resources, regular books, journals, and articles. The study population consists customers in the banking sector. The figures indicate that number of actual customers reaches 2.06 million. The sample size requirement is 386 items. Customers are split between traditional and Islamic banks, with 231 and 155 customers respectively. The stratified random sampling technique and the structural equations modeling methodology were used. The results show moderated impact of the loyalty rewards programs on customers' satisfaction. The results show statistical differences in the loyalty rewards programs and customers' satisfaction according to the engagement period with the bank only. The findings suggest better managing the loyalty programs and developing one credit card for all banks in Jordan.