• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1994

In order to establish utilijzation of medicinal herb as vegetable by Hydroponics, the present studies were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and light on the seed germination ofmedicinal herb. The results obtained are summaried as follows. The lower and upper temperaturelimit for herb germination was 10'c and 30'c within which the optimum was 20'C. Germinationof medicinal herb was similar in light and dark condition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 1988

This study carried out to change ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity and isozymes in barley during germination in the dark and red light. The specific activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ increased during the germination in the dark, giving 355.0 and 523.7 units/mg protein at 3 and 5 days, and the activity was increased by the red light up to 48 and 15% at 3 and 5 days of germination, respectively. The ratio of ${\alpha}-amylase$ I and II was approximately 95 : 5 at both 3 and 5 days of germination in the dark while the different ratio was found by the red light i.e. 60 : 40 and 90 : 10 at 3 and 5 days of germination, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 1998

It failed occasionally to take a reasonable emergence rate since tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds were planted on late Jan. showing lowest temperature. This experiment was done to measure the effect of GA3 (concentration ; period) , light quality (red ; white ; dark) during or after its treatment, daily irradiation hours( 0 ; 8 ; 12 ;16) and germination termperature (20 or 10 $^{\circ}C$ ocnstant ; 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ alternating) on the germination rate. Red and white light given during grmination showed no differences between the other daily irradiation hours except that 8 hours red light delayed germination although their 12 hours irradiation had the gratest rate. The rate was increased with increased concentration to GA3 0.01 mM or increased imbibition period to 3 days although the rate of cv. NC 82 was less than that of cv. Burley 21 in the case of dark imbibition of GA3 but daily 12 hours irradiation during germination. Light quality forced during GA3 imbibition eliminated such effect of GA3 shown in the darkness so that only light quality pretreatment and termperature during germinition were affected on the rate. The germination rate of thecultivars was decreased in the order of red, white light, darkness meaning that it was highly influenced by the light quality during GA3 treatment. Regardless of GA3 or light quality treatment,on the other hand, the rate was greater in 20 $^{\circ}C$ constat than 1$0^{\circ}C$ constant and 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ alternating germination temperature having similar germinative patterns.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.267-274
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• 2023

All studies on date palm somatic embryogenesis have focused on germination in the presence of light while neglecting germination in darkness, which mimics the germination process of zygotic embryos within seeds. To improve the date palm micropropagation protocol, we investigated the effects of light and darkness incubation on the germination of indirect date palm somatic embryos and their subsequent conversion into plantlets. Darkness incubation emerged as a pivotal factor in the germination of indirect date palm somatic embryos and their successful conversion into plantlets. Darkness incubation significantly decreased the time required for the conversion of indirect somatic embryos into plantlets, halving the duration from 24 weeks to only 12 weeks. The micropropagation protocol was modified, consolidating the previous two distinct stages of germination and elongation under light incubation into a single stage under darkness incubation. These findings modified the protocol and significantly reduced the overall duration of the date palm micropropagation protocol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.318-322
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• 2013

This study was designed to investigate changes in germination characteristics and color as well as the content of isoflavones of Eunhakong germinated under dark conditions. The wet weight of Enhakong was increased as germination progressed. It reached $299.7{\pm}15.0%$ at 60 h after the beginning of sprouting. The relative dry weight was consistently decreased as germination progressed, and it reached $65.8{\pm}8.2%$ at 60 h after the beginning of sprouting. The length of sprout was rapidly increased at the latter stage compared to the beginning of germination. Most soybean seeds were successfully germinated at 60 h after beginning of sprouting. The L value was considerably increased at the early stage of germination and it reached $63.4{\pm}0.7$ at 60 h. The a value was rapidly increased at the beginning of germination and decreased thereafter. The b value was increased at the beginning of germination and did not changed thereafter. It was confirmed that the total isoflavone content, in which the m-genistin was highest followed by daidzin, and than slightly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological craracteristics of seed and effect of Gibberellin and light in ffter rooter.The results obtained were summerized as follows :1, 000 seeds wt. was 1.9g, 1 liter wt. was 41.2g, seed length was 3.6mm, seed width was 1.1mm and seed thickness was 0.8mm.The germination rate was higher with light condition than dark and Gibberellin treatment waseffective.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop an effective seed propagation method for Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (H. Lev.) Nakai by analyzing seed dormancy types and germination characteristics. Seeds were collected between September to October at Gangwon province, and well-selected seeds were used while being dry-stored at 4±1℃. The seed size ranged 4.52 × 1.58 ㎜ and the weight of thousand seeds were 1,603.5 ± 0.02 ㎎. The moisture content was 7.2%. Seeds were achene type, and morphology characters showed an elliptical shape and rough texture, and light brown in color. Moist-chilling treatment was conducted for dormancy breaking because the seeds had an undeveloped embryo of liner type. The embryo had developed during a moist-chilling period, constantly, and fully developed in 10 weeks. Consequently, it seemed to be non-deep complex or intermediate complex type of morphophysiological dormancy, and embryo dormancy was broken by wet-chilling for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks of wet-chilling treatment, seed germination began. Germination percentage was higher in dark condition raher than light condition and recorded the maximum at 25℃ in the dark (16.3%). A pre-soaking treatment with a combined plant growth hormones promoted germination and shortened T₅₀. Specifically, seed germination of 84.5% was achieved by pre-soaking of seeds with a combined solution of 500 ㎎/L GA₃ and 10 ㎎/L kinetin for 24 h after a wet-chilling treatment for 10 weeks. Thus the effect of plant growth hormones coupled with chilling temperature on seed breaking dormancy provide asubsequent growth of seedlings for successful plantation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.72-82
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• 2009

Research was initiated to investigate early establislment characteristics and germination pattern of perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.). Eight varieties of PR were evaluated in the study. An alternative environmental condition for a PR germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Daily and cumulative germination pattern were measured and analyzed daily for 30 days. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 75% germination, and final germination rate. Germination rates were variable among the varieties, being 66.00 to 93.75% at the end of study. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among PR varieties. The first germination in all entries tested was initiated from 3 to 5 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA conditions, being 2 days in differences among the varieties. It was 4 to 7 DAS in days to the 50% germination, being 1 to 3 days later from the first germination and three days were variable among them. Days to the 75% germination were 5.93 to 10.50 DAS under ISTA conditions, being 4.57 days in variety differences. Pennant II and Brightstar II were the fastest varieties. The slowest ones were Revenge GLX and Brightstar SLT. Considering days to the first germination, days to 75% germination, and germination pattern etc, Pennant II and Brightstar II were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions. From tills study, information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern would be usefully applied for golf course design and construction, when established with PR.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Color, lipid and fatty acid composition, and tocopherols and polyphenols contents of perilla seed lipids in response to seed germination were studied. Perilla seeds were germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ in the dark for 12, 36, or 48 h, after which total lipids were extracted by the Folch method using chloroform and methanol (2:1, v/v). Seed germination resulted in a decrease in yellowness and greenness in perilla seed lipids, but there were no significant changes in composition of the lipids including major neutral lipids (>90%). Contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the perilla seed lipids significantly increased in response to germination. Linolenic acid (>63%) was the most abundant fatty acid. Seed germination tended to decrease the relative content of linolenic acid and increase the contents of oleic and stearic acids. Contents of antioxidants, especially ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and polyphenols, increased in response to seed germination. As the germination period was extended, the antioxidant content increased. Therefore, increases in useful components, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and polyphenols contents by seed germination can contribute to the improvement of perilla seed utilization in food industry.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2016

The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.