• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Artificial lighting contributes greatly to developing civilizations. It allows daytime activities to continue throughout the dark hours of the day and thus increasing work productivity as well as allowing people to enjoy nighttime activities. In addition, artificial lighting is used to beautify landscapes, architectural monuments, and thus highlighting the social-economic development of a given place. However, excessive and improper usage of artificial lighting can lead to light pollution. Light pollution is a serious issue that is detrimental to human health. It has been linked to a number of health conditions including sleep disorder, visual discomfort as well as cancer. The effects of light pollution extend throughout the entire ecosystem, affecting both plants and animals. Furthermore, sky-glow from light pollution hinders astronomical observation. The current paper presents a study conducted on lit environment of a nightscape. The quality of the sky was measured in 144 spots using Sky Quality Meter (SQM) devices. The measured spots were chosen on the basis of land use as well as distance from the Halla Mountain.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2018

Near / Miss, Charles Bernstein's poetry collection, is replete with poems of distinctive styles and pluralistic forms in his idiosyncratic and artistic cosmos. With poetic antics, queerness, sarcasm, irony, and humor, the book showcases the motif of loss, chaos and trauma in postmodern America and the world. The multiplicity and multi-dimensional $M{\ddot{o}}bius$ effect in Near / Miss echo earlier Bernstein's poems, as well as poems by ancient and contemporary poets, with visual artists and musicians, and rabbis and Jewish philosophers. I argue that Near / Miss offers an apotheosis of echopoetics, which has been launched in his previous book Pitch of Poetry. Poems in the book reveal the dark and thick "pitch," namely the queer, the uncanny, the invisible, the disabled, the dispossessed, and the silenced poetic Other and make it explicit. The estrangement and alienation of $clich{\acute{e}}$ through diverse malaprops, mondegreens, non-sequiturs and fragmentations in Near / Miss aim at deconstructing the fixation of language so as to display the poetic Other. The motif of "nothingness" in echopoetics significantly multiplies its meanings. Nothingness mainly refers to the loss of origin, the defiance of tyranny, and the sublimity of the universe and the poetic Other. Melding his personal loss and misfortune, the current political discontent and the postmodern chaos in America and the world, nothingness in echopoetics resonates with American literary tradition and Zen with a healing and transforming power.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2021

마이크로 기둥 구조물 위에 인듐 범프 배열을 형성하는 공정을 제안한다. Benzocyclobutene (BCB) 평탄화와 etch-back 공정을 통하여 매우 협소한 마이크로 기둥 위에 인듐 범프를 형성할 수 있는 공간을 확보할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 단파장 적외선을 감지용 320×256 포맷의 하이브리드 카메라 센서 제조에 대한 자세한 공정 과정을 소개한다. 다양한 공정을 거친 BCB 필름의 shear strength는 quartz crystal microbalance 방법으로 측정하여 추출하였다. BCB 필름의 shear strength는 인듐 범프보다 10³배 더 높은 것으로 확인하였다. 제작된 SWIR 카메라 센서로부터 측정된 암전류의 분포는 제안한 인듐 범프 형성 공정이 매우 민감한 적외선 카메라 센서를 구현하는 데 유용할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 1997

전극함몰형 태양전지에 후면 부유접합의 도입은 양질의 표면보호를 제공할 수 있어서 효율 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. 이 논문은 PC-1D 모델링을 통하여 후면 부유접합형 태양전지의 효율을 시뮬레이션 분석한 것이다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2014

People enthusiastic about human brands eagerly engage in fan communities to share their common interests with others. Although sharing one's enthusiasm towards the same celebrities can give thempositive senses of we-ness (in-group identity, togetherness, camaraderie) and belongingness, negative sides also exist such as schadenfreude and trash talk. Even though the studies addressing the negative sides of fan community are gaining significance, no prior studies formally examined the negative consequences of engaging in a fan community and their effect on one's well-being. Therefore, this current study aims to investigate how engaging in fan community negatively affects members' psychological well-being through schadenfreude and trash talk. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that engaging highly in a fan community leads members to feel malicious pleasure at rivals' misfortunes and share negative opinions of rival human brands and fan communities. These negative consequences of fan community engagement ultimately lead to a lower level of psychological wellbeing, especially in the area of personal growth whereas fan community engagement has a direct positive effect on personal growth. By showing the negative influences of engaging in fan communities on members' well-being through schadenfreude and trash talk, the results of this study are expected to add depth to the existing literature.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2023

Organic photo Diodes (OPDi) give multiple advantages in the growing interest of the flexible optoelectronic devices. Organic semiconductors are freeform as they can deposit on any substrate, so it could be flexible. But the inorganic material photodiodes (PDs) are usually fabricated on silicon wafers which are solid. So, normally PDs are inflexible. By those reasons, we decided to make the vacuum deposited small molecule OPDi. We have investigated the OPDi's J-V characteristic by changing the thickness of p-type layer of OPDi. This device consists of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) / 2,3:6,7-dibenzanthracene (pentacene) / buckminsterfullerene (C60) / aluminum (Al). Its J-V characteristics were measured in the probe station(4156C) that can give dark condition while measuring. And for the luminance characteristics, the photocurrent was measured with the bright halogen lamp and a probe station.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 비정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터를 스위칭소자로 포토센서를 구동 하는 방식의 이미지 센서를 구현하고자 한다. 먼저 PECVD(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) 진공 증착장비로 최적의 비정질실리콘 박막을 형성하고, 이 박막을 이용하여 스위칭소자인 박막트랜지스터와 광전변환소자인 광다이오드를 제조한다. 또한 이들을 결합하여 이미지 센서를 형성하고 그 특성 및 동작을 분석하고 최적의 동작특성을 이끌 수 있는 밀착이미지 센서를 제조한다. 제작한 이미지 센서를 측정한 결과 광전변환소자인 photodiode는 암전류의 경우 $\~10^{-l2}A$정도였으며, 광전류 $\~10^{-9}A$정도로서 Iphoto/Idark ${\ge}10^3$ 이상을 이루어 좋은 광전변환 특성을 갖고 있었다. 또한 a-Si:H TFT의 경우 Ioff ${\le}10^{-l2}A$, Ion ${\le}10^{-6}A$ 으로서 Ion/Ioff ${le}10^6$ 이상을 나타냈으며 Vth는 $2\~4$ volts였고, Id는 수 ${\mu}A$ 정도로 photodiode를 스위치하기에 충분한 전류-전압특성을 나타내고 있다. 이미지 센서 전체 동작 특성을 측정하기 위하여 photodiode의 ITO쪽에 -5volts의 역 bias를 가한 상태에서 TFT의 gate에 $70\;{\mu}sec$의 pulse를 가하여 photodiode에서 생성된 광전류 와 암전류를 측정하였다. 이렇게 하여 측정된 전압은 암상태에서 수십 mvolts이고, 광상태에서는 수백 mvolts로 나타나 우수한 이미지센서 특성을 갖고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2018

We report on the fabrication and photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of a $Cu_2O$ thin film/ZnO nanorod array oxide p-n heterojunction structure with ZnO nanorods embedded in $Cu_2O$ thin film as an efficient photoelectrode for solar-driven water splitting. A vertically oriented n-type ZnO nanorod array was first prepared on an indium-tin-oxide-coated glass substrate via a seed-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method and then a p-type $Cu_2O$ thin film was directly electrodeposited onto the vertically oriented ZnO nanorods array to form an oxide semiconductor heterostructure. The crystalline phases and morphologies of the heterojunction materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy as well as Raman scattering. The PEC properties of the fabricated $Cu_2O/ZnO$ p-n heterojunction photoelectrode were evaluated by photocurrent conversion efficiency measurements under white light illumination. From the observed PEC current density versus voltage (J-V) behavior, the $Cu_2O/ZnO$ photoelectrode was found to exhibit a negligible dark current and high photocurrent density, e.g., $0.77mA/cm^2$ at 0.5 V vs $Hg/HgCl_2$ in a $1mM\;Na_2SO_4$ electrolyte, revealing an effective operation of the oxide heterostructure. In particular, a significant PEC performance was observed even at an applied bias of 0 V vs $Hg/HgCl_2$, which made the device self-powered. The observed PEC performance was attributed to some synergistic effect of the p-n bilayer heterostructure on the formation of a built-in potential, including the light absorption and separation processes of photoinduced charge carriers.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify current condition of night lighting plan for the outdoor space in an apartment complex and to examine how residents perceive that environment. For this purpose, considerations and standards for safe and agreeable night lighting environment were examined through literature study. And a field study to determine the current state of the night lighting environment was conducted, and finally a survey was executed to find out residents' satisfaction, requirements and consciousness on that lighting environment of apartment complex. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. Firstly, most standards for night lighting environment focus on the urban environment as a whole, so they have very few clear standards exclusive for the outdoor space of the apartment complex. Secondly, most of outdoor spaces surveyed in this study have met the basic illumination standard, but some spaces had parts where lights were off or out of order forming dark zones, and in some parts lights were screened by trees causing shades, poor safety and a narrowed sight. Thirdly, residents had interest in the night lighting environment of the outdoor space, but they were not fully satisfied with that environment. Fourthly, residents were negative about such factors of the environment as safety, convenience, recognition and aesthetics. These factors should be reflected in planning and improving the night lighting. It is expected that this study provides basic information necessary to plan safer and more agreeable night lighting, and to satisfy the residents' need for liveable apartment complex.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2001

새로운 구조의 APF optical link용 Si pin photodetector를 제작하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 제작된 소자는 금속-반도체 접촉주위에 $p^{+}$-guard ring구조와 광이 입사되는 수광면에 그물망 모양의 얕은 $p^{+}$-확산영역을 갖는다. 제작된 소자의 전기.광학적 특성을 -5 V의 동작전압에서 측정한 결과, 접합 커패시턴스와 암전류는 각각 4 pF와 180 pA로 나타났으며 광신호 전류와 감도특성는 670 nm이 중심파장을 갖는 2.2 $\mu$W의 입사광 전력 아래에서 각각 1.22 $\mu$A와 0.55 A/W로 나타났다. 제작된 소자는 650~700 nm의 파장영역에서 최대 spectral response를 보이고 있으며 낮은 점한 커패시턴스와 우수한 신호분리능력으로 인해 red light optics응용에서 광신호 검출에 적합하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.