• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.2704-2710
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• 2014

Catalase (CAT) decomposes hydrogen peroxide that is toxic to the body. In this study, simple and sensitive detector has been developed for observing catalase activity using liquid crystal droplet system. Microscale LC droplet patterns are formed by spreading aldehyde-doped nematic liquid crystal on pre-treated glass slides. When hydrogen peroxide is added, aldehyde is oxidized and amphiphiles are formed. Dodecanoates cause the pattern to transit from bright to dark as they self-assemble to form a carboxyalte monolayer at the interface. When a drop of pre-incubated CAT and hydrogen peroxide mixture is placed onto the pattern, bright fan-shape is observed. This planar optical appearance indicates that catalase has decomposed hydrogen peroxide. Compared to the detectors that have been previously developed, this system is more sensitive with detection limit of 1fM. This research suggests further studies to be on LC droplet patterning to develop highly sensitive and methodologically simple sensors for various chemicals.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.735-744
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• 2005

The number of electronic mail(E-mail) has been increased dramatically as a result of expanding internet and information technology. Although there are many conveniences of E-mail in the bright side, some serious problems occur because of E-mail in its dark side. One of the problems is spam-mail which is unsolicited mail and also called bulk mail. This paper presents a set of patterns of spam-mail occurrences within a week using the correspondence analysis. The correspondence analysis is an exploratory multivariate technique that converts data into a particular type of graphical display in which the rows and columns are depicted as points. One of the meaningful patterns is a great increment of adult and phishing related spam-mails at weekends so any spam-mail filters should be designed to cope with this pattern.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1982

The changes in activities of glyoxysomal and peroxisomal enzymes during the transition from fat degradation to photosynthesis were investigated with the cotyledns of rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. The development and disappearance of glyoxysomal enzyme (isocitrate lyase, EC 4.1.3.1; malate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.37; catalase, EC 1.11.1.6) activities took place independently of light. It is concluded that the mobilization of storage fat is independent of photomorphogenesis. During early periods of development in the dark of light (days 1 through 3), the glyoxysomal enzyme activities were relatively high and the enzyme activities rose to a peak at 3rd day after sowing. Thereafter, the activities decreased gradually. While glyoxysomal enzyme activities were dropping, the peroxisomal enzyme (glycolate oxidase, EC 1.1.3.1) activities were increasing rapidly during the transition period in the light. Moreover, the changes of enzyme activities of the common microbody marker, catalase, indicated both functional patterns. The enzyme patterns in rape cotyledons indicate that the glyoxysomal function of microbodies is replaced by the peroxisomal function of these organelles during the transition from fat degradation to photosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1976

This experiment was designed to study the effects of temperature on the peroxidase isoenzymes of a mesophilic microorganism, Escherichia coli (grown within biokinetic zone). Optimum temperature for the growth of E. coli was $37{\circ}C.$ Three different temperatures, 20, 30 and $40{\circ}C,$ were selected. And the isoenzyme patterns of peroxidase of E. coli, growth respectively at each temperature, were analysed by disc electrophoresis. The sample of 20.deg.C showed 4 bands, that of 30.deg.C, 5 bands and that of 40.deg.C, 6 bands. Two dark bands (higher molecular weight, 56,000 and 54,000) and two light bands (lower molecular weight, 11,500 and 10,000) were constant at all samples. But two intermediate bands (M.W.44,000 and 34,000) were variable ; at $20{\circ}C,$ no banding pattern, one band 9M.W. 34,000) only at $30{\circ}C,$ and at $40{\circ}C$ two bands were appeared. And the shifts of growth temperatures between 30.deg.C and 40.deg.C showed the alteration of the isoenzyme patterns ; the isoenzyme patterns of the smaple of tmeperature shift from $30{\circ}C$ to $40{\circ}C$ were same as that of 40.deg.C and vice versa.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.201-220
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is designed to improve the practical possibility using Blood-Letting therapy through reviewing the literature recorded in the Donguibogam. Methods : Records on Blood-Letting therapy have been extracted from Donguibogam. First all articles containing the key words 'Hyul (血)' and 'Rak (絡)' have been extracted. Of them, records associated with Blood-Letting therapy had been sited and classified in terms of searching patterns for the Blood-Letting area, instruments for Blooding-Letting, cautions and side effects for the practice, applicable symptoms, acupoints/extraordinary acupoints, and Blood-Letting areas. Results : The regions capable of Blood-Letting are generally engaged with abnormal skin color such as black, bluish red, dark purple, dark blue, etc, and localized collection of fibrous exudate. There are several instruments used for Blood-Letting therapy; Samreongchim (三陵鍼), Chogyong (草莖), Pichim (鈹鍼), Lodaeguan (蘆管尖), Sachim (砂鍼), Saechim (細鍼), Gichim (?鍼), Eunjam (銀簪), nail, etc. Several cautions and side effects of the Blood-Letting therapy are presented. The Blood-Letting therapy could be applied to broad spectrum of symptoms. Body parts being applied were not only several acupoints but also effective points of the body. Conclusions : This study shows that Donguibogam represents Blood-Letting therapy in clear fashion so as to enhance the convenience and its practicality.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1704-1713
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• 2003

Point contact film thickness in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is analyzed by image processing method for the images from an optical interferometer with monochromatic incident light. Interference between the reflected lights both on half mirror Cr coating of glass disk and on super finished ball makes circular fringes depending on the contact conditions such as sliding velocity, applied load, viscosity-pressure characteristics and viscosity of lubricant under ambient pressure. In this situation the film thickness is regarded as the difference of optical paths between those reflected lights, which make dark and bright fringes with monochromatic incident light. The film thickness is computed by numbering the dark and bright fringe orders and the intensity (gray scale image) in each fringe regime is mapped to the corresponding film thickness. In this work, we developed a measuring technique for EHL film thickness by dividing the image patterns into two typical types under the condition of monochromatic incident light. During the image processing, the captured image is converted into digitally formatted data over the contact area without any loss of the image information of interferogram and it is also interpreted with consistency regardless of the observer's experimental experience. It is expected that the developed image processing method will provide a valuable basis to develop the image processing technique for color fringes, which is generally used for the measurement of relatively thin films in higher resolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1981

The author carried out an experiment to find out the responsing patterns of filefish, Stepha nolepis cirrhifer (Temminck et Schlegel) to the color lights. The experimental tank (360LX50WX55H cm) was set up in a dark room. Six Longitudinal sections each being 60 em intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50 em level. Light bulbs of 20W were placed at the both ends of the tank to be projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected in combination from four' colors-red, blue, yellow, and white, and were placed in front of the light bulbs to make\ulcorner different light of color. Light intensity were controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fish were acclimatized in the dark for 40 minutes prior to employ in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in every 30 seconds, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Color of light, to which the fish gathered abundantly was found in the named order of blue, white, green, and red. 2. The differences of gathering rate upon arbitary combined two color lights were shown significant, and the differences increased remarkably in accordance with the lapse of illuminating period.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2004

The color change of lead-containing pigments is one of the most serious diseases in watercolor, oil paintings and wall paintings. These pigments have a tendency to darken or brighten. It was proved that oxidation of lead containing pigments in the formation of brown-colored lead dioxide is a photochemical reaction under high humidity conditions. Therefore, we carried out some analogic experiments on the color change of three typical lead containing pigments ; $Pb_3O_4$, Pbo and $PbCo_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$ at the conditions of illuminations under the high humidity ($2PbCo_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$ R. H.). The reason for the chemical reactions are discussed and the results of these experiments are shown in some spectrograms, micrographs and X-ray micro-diffraction patterns. Important conclusions were drawn in our research. Due to the formation of brown $PbO_2$, red lead $(Pb_3O_4)$ and massicot (PbO) turned brown or dark when they were illuminated light under high humidity. We noticed that the brightening of red lead occurred d to admixture with chalk or lead white in egg yolk or linseed oil medium on exposure to light. Lead white used in oil paintings turned yellowish on dark.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2014

A single serranid specimen of Epinephelus radiatus was collected by a hook for the commercial longline fisheries occurred near Marado, Jeju Island, Korea. The present specimen was characterized by five irregular dark brown bands passing downward and forward from upper edge of body, scales in longitudinal row 107, and pored lateral line scales 55. This species is easily distinguishable from the morphologically similar Korean serranid species of E. poecilonotus based on band patterns on body. That is, the former has five irregular oblique dark-edged brown bands, and the latter has several long horizontal bands on lateral body. We propose a new Korean name, "Ma-ra-bari," for Epinephelus radiatus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.46-49
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• 1992

Cadmium sulfide thin films were deposited on glass substrate by Chemical Mist Deposition from solutions containing equimolar (0.1M) cadmium chloride and thiourea [(NH$_2$)$_2$CS] at a mist velocity of 1.6m/sec. Substrate temperatures were ranged between 200$^{\circ}C$ and 400$^{\circ}C$. The microstructure and semiconducting property of the films were investigated using SEM, X-ray diffraction, UV transmittance measurement and four point probe method. All the films have hexagonal structure and diffraction patterns indicate that the intensity of (112) and (101) reflections increase with increasing substrate temperature, whereas (002) reflection substrate temperature, whereas(002) reflection decrease for substrate temperatures between 250$^{\circ}C$ and 350$^{\circ}C$. The films prepared at lower temperature have a significant number of pinholes due probably to entrapped gaseous reaction. Optical transmittance of the films deposited at 350$^{\circ}C$ was about 75%. Optical bandgap of the films were 2.43eV regardless of substrate temperature. The dark resistivity of the films decreased with increasing substrate temperature up to 300$^{\circ}C$ and increased with further increasing substrate temperature. The films were photosensitive and had dark-to-light resistivity ratios of about 10 at room temperature for a white-light photoexcitation intensity of 50mw/$\textrm{cm}^2$.