• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2005

In order to monitor the global terrestrial carbon cycle, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) provides 8-day GPP images by use of satellite remote-sensing reflectance data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) at l-km nadir spatial resolution since December, 1999. MODIS GPP algorithm adopts DAO (Data Assimilation Office) meteorological data to calculate daily GPP. By evaluating reliability of DAO data with respect to surface weather station data, we examined the effect of errors from DAO data on MODIS GPP estimation in the Korean Peninsula from 2001 to 2003. Our analyses showed that DAO data underestimated daily average temperature, daily minimum temperature, and daily vapor pressure deficity (VPD), but overestimated daily shortwave radiation during the study period. Each meteorological variable resulted in different spatial patterns of error distribution across the Korean Peninsula. In MODIS GPP estimation, DAO data resulted in overestimation of GPP by $25\%$ for all biome types but up to $40\%$ for forest biomes, the major biome type in the Korean Peninsula. MODIS GPP was more sensitive to errors in solar radiation and VPD than in temperatures. Our results indicate that more reliable gridded meteorological data than DAO data are necessary for satisfactory estimation of MODIS GPP in the Korean Peninsula.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.67
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• pp.327-344
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• 2017

Zhou Dunyi is regarded as a precursor of Li-Xue, which is called Neo-Confucianism. So, it could be say that Zhou Dunyi is a precursor of Song-Ming-Li-Xue. As is well known, Zhu xi is a synthesizer of Li-Xue in Song Dynasty, which is called Dao-Xue; Wang Yangming is a synthesizer of Li-Xue in Ming Dynasty, which is called Xin-Xue. Dao-Xue and Xin-Xue were engaged in an unyielding confrontation for many centuries in Asian areas. It is certain that Dao-Xue and Xin-Xue both succeed to the resources of Zhou Dunyi together, but it is not easy to confirm that the resources of Zhou Dunyi are common to both sides taking an unyielding confrontation into consideration. Usually, Zhou Dunyi is recognized as a Master of Dao-Xue rather than Xin-Xue. But in this paper, I try to give a question to this prevalent view, like this: Yang-Ming-Xin-Xue much absorbed and developed the Thought of Zhou Dunyi than Zhu-Xi-Dao-Xue did. In order to prove this assertion, I take two steps. The first is about Daotong, the second is about sincerity. In conclusion, while Wang Yangming build his own thought of moral philosophy, he fully absorbed Zhou Dunyi's thought of sincerity, and concreted his typical moral philosophy, which is Liangzhi-Xue. I could say that besides the viewpoint of Zhu xi, there is another viewpoint of Wang Yangming to understand the thought of Zhou Dunyi properly.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2012

The depletion of conventional oil reserves and the increasing energy need in developing countries such as China and India result in exceeding oil demand over supply. As a solution of the problem, the efficient utilization of heavy oil has been receiving more and more interest. In order to utilize heavy oil, upgrading processes are required. Among the upgrading processes, thermal decomposition is thought to be relatively simple and economical. In this study, to understand basic characteristics of thermal decomposition of heavy oil, we conducted pyrolysis experiments of deasphalted oil (DAO) produced by a solvent deasphalting process. DAO is a mixture of many components and consists mainly of materials of carbon number 20~40. For the comparison with results of DAO pyrolysis, additional pyrolysis experiments with single materials of carbon number 30 ($C_{30}H_{62}$, $C_{30}H_{58}O_4S$, $C_{30}H_{63}O_3P$) were conducted. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out non-isothermally with variation of heating rate (10, 50, $100^{\circ}C$/min) in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Average pyrolysis activation energy determined by using Arrhenius method, Ingraham and Marrier method, and Coats and Redfern method was 72~99 kJ/mol. In the activation energy calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method, DAO had wider variation than other single materials.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2023

In this study, minoxidil, which is well known as a pharmaceutical raw material, and diaminopyrimidine oxide (DAO), which is a cosmetic raw material, were used as active ingredients to evaluate the physical properties of niosomes and compare the skin penetrations of artificial skin. To prepare niosomes of the size of nanoparticles, a high pressure homogenization method was used, and physical properties were evaluated with a zetasizer. The particle size of the noisome including the active ingredient was measured to be 99 to 123 nm according to HLB, and the zeta potential was measured in the range of -60 to -81 mV. Through DSC (differential scanning colorimetry), it was confirmed that minoxidil, a crystalline component, was uniformly dissolved in an amorphous state in niosomes. In order to confirm and compare skin penetration, it was measured by the in vitro Franz diffusion cell method, and the niosome formulation showed 3.4 times higher penetration for minoxidil and 11.1 times higher penetration for DAO than the control gel formulation. In addition, when comparing the skin penetration of minoxidil niosome and DAO niosome, a similar trend was shown, and the penetration amount of DAO was relatively high. The shapes of the niosome formulations with different HLB values were observed using Cryo-TEM, and it was confirmed that vesicles were formed in all of them and that they were intermediate between SUV (small unilamella vesicle) and LUV (large unilamella vesicle). Through this study, minoxidil, an effective drug for hair loss, and DAO, a cosmetic raw material, can be effectively delivered to the skin by encapsulating them in a noisome formulation.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.198-209
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• 2021

Xuan Thuy and Con Dao are natural Ramsar sites in Vietnam with different ecosystems, geography and topography. Avian fauna in these two Ramsar sites were recorded over a 2-year period from 2018 to 2019. A total of 234 bird species belonging to 57 families and 16 orders were confirmed in Xuan Thuy, while only 71 species involving 32 families and 12 orders were found in Con Dao. In total, 25 endangered species have been found in these two national parks based on the IUCN Red List. The Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Baer's Pochard are the most endangered species ranked as Critically Endangered, whereas Nicobar pigeon, which is endemic to Con Dao, is the only endangered bird species here. This study provides the list of bird species of international importance identified in these two wetlands.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.267-302
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• 2017

This study aims to understand the concept of God in Daesoon thought through gods, divine beings, and divine Dao as they are featured in the I Ching. This study also explores analysis by dividing the 'one' from the I Ching into personal subject, metaphysical and fundamental marvel, innate divinity and morality of human beings as being among various concepts of god. Among the terms regarding god, divine Dao is especially clear in its depiction of this concept. In this context, the study looks closely at the characteristics of the concept of God. The divine Dao is actually an order that has been spread throughout the world by Sangje's will and the gods are endowed with His mandate. Through such order, the divine Dao leads to the Dao of divinely empowered humans by the Great Dao of mutual beneficence and natural solution. Divinely empowered humans is a concept which corresponds to the idea that 'Divine affairs are akin to those of humans.' Divine beings have human will and feelings in the afterlife, and due to their close relationship to human beings, they exercise an influence over human beings. They have human will and feelings while alive as well. In addition, they also have grievances and grudges. Such grievances and grudges can be resolved by mutual beneficence. And the divine affairs and activities move in accordance with Taegeuk (the Great Ultimate), Sangje's will, and the divine Dao. Therefore, it is a principle that divine beings should obey and an operational law in theonomy. Sangje's divine Dao and heavenly mandate accord with the Great Ultimate and are thereby revealed. Natural solutions can be reached when Divine beings and human beings gain awareness of this truth. To realize the divine Dao, humans and divine beings should practice the dao of benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom, and they should rely on one another. Furthermore, this is done to accomplish the dao of heaven and earth.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.463-465
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• 2000

부분 정제한 VHb-DAO와 CPC를 30분 이상 반응시키면 CPC가 GL-7ACA로 80%이상 변환되었다. VHb-DAO와 D-form의 아미노산이 반응한 결과 $K_m$은 D-Methionine, D-Valine이 낮으며, $V_{max}$는 D-${\alpha}$-aminophenylacetic acid, D-Leucine, D-Phenyalanine가 높은 수치를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.244-261
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• 2002

Objective & Methods : For development the new therapy applied on musculoskeletal and related diseases, We reviewed the XiaZhenDao therapy of new therapies used in other countries by texts and papers. Results : We investigated the theory, standardization, indications, contraindications, using methods, notices and advantages in textures, and compared this with other therapies. We discussed problems and requirements to using this therapy in Korea. Conclusion : The XiaZhenDao therapy is very effective new therapy to treat musculoskeletal and related diseases. To using this therapy in Korea, we will have to prepare legal and systemic equipments and supply complete educations and practices.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Blockchain enabled Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), a new form of organization with conveying its core value - trust. Token holders who are participating DAO's governance share their thoughts, information, and ideas in online forum. But it is problem that chronological form of DAO's online forum makes token holders hard to find crucial information, meaning that many of them might not understand what is happening discussion. In this paper, we studied not only a decision making process which feature is iteration, visualization, and applicable to DAO with 6 steps in total but also a decision making tool which is based on the process of this paper. The tool has features to help participants such as voting model, visualization features which gives guidance to them for their decision during the process. Our experiment showed that the process and tool is somewhat reasonable, and the information during the process is effective for participants. This work is expected to be applied to current DAOs to make a decision among the token holders.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) is an effective and secure means to enable direct collaboration between people who want to achieve common goals in a digital environment, where believing each other without intermediaries from trusted third parties is difficult. DAO can flexibly implement most of the roles previously performed by existing organizations and finally aim for a new structure that functions independently without human intervention. Despite its technical and legal uncertainties and problems, DAO is rapidly expanding. This study examines trends such as the concept, use cases, participation methods, and deficiencies of DAO, which is called the future of work and helps to understand upcoming considerations.