• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.762-767
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• 2006

Danshen is an herbal medication frequently used in oriental medicine to treat liver or kidney malfunction. In the course of our studies, we observed that compounds purified from Danshen exhibit an inhibitory activity against Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) tyrosine kinase. Through this inhibition, these compounds also inhibited the growth of HSC T6 cells and suppressed the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and MMP2, as well as collagen synthesis, all of which are increased in activated liver stellate cells. Given that activation of liver stellate cells is the hallmark of liver fibrosis and that DDR2 plays a critical role in this activation, these results suggest that one of the pharmacological activities of Danshen extract that protects the liver is the inhibition of key cell-signaling kinases, such as DDR2, in liver stellate cells.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of water extract of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). We have established in rat critical-sized calvarial defect model using the combination with collagen scaffold and danshen hydrophilic extract. All rats were extinguished at 8 weeks after bone graft surgery, and the bone regeneration ability of bone grafting sides was evaluated by plain radiography and micro-CT. These results revealed water extract of danshen had the potential to promote osteogenesis especially continuous oral administration with local treatment compared to one-shot local treatment. This compound may provide a new alternative agent for growth factors to promote bone healing and bone regeneration. In conclusion, these results suggest that danshen hydrophilic extract have the potential to promote osteogenesis in bone defects. Further studies about fusion technology with salvianolic acid B, peptides, growth factors, and scaffolds using of the combination of tissue engineering, cell engineering and mechanical engineering are needed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2020

In this study, the marker compound contents of both the taproot and lateral root of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix), which is cultivated in Korea, were investigated. The salvianolic acid B content was the highest in the taproot (5.17-6.75%) and lateral root (3.99-5.69%). The cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA contents were higher in the lateral root than in the taproot of Danshen (p <0.05). Principal component analysis results revealed that the taproot was correlated to the salvianic acid A, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid A contents, whereas the lateral root was correlated to the cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA contents. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the taproot were higher than those of the lateral root (p <0.05); however, the antioxidant activities of the taproot and lateral root of Danshen were similar. The salvianolic acid B content was correlated to the TPC of the taproot (r=0.748) and the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity of the lateral root (r=0.847). This study could provide useful information for the classification of Danshen as a herbal medicinal product.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.652-657
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• 2020

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Asian countries for its pharmacological activities (e.g., amelioration of cardiovascular diseases). In this study, we investigated the anti-atherosclerotic activity of raw danshen root extract prepared using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 550 MPa for 5 min and hot water extraction. This method was useful for elimination of bacteria from cultured danshen plants and for better extraction yield of active principles. The HHP-treated danshen extract (HDE) inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced autophagy that was assessed by LC3 conversion and p62 degradation. HDE suppressed foam cell formation in oxLDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophages; lysosomal activity simultaneously increased, measured by acridine orange staining. HDE also reduced atherosclerotic plaque development in vivo in apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Taken together, these results indicated that HDE exhibited anti-atherosclerotic activity via autophagy induction.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 단삼의 항균 활성을 알아보기 위하여 paper disc법에 의한 항균 활성을 검색하였고, 실제 식품에의 이용가능성을 살펴보기 위하여, 단삼의 에탄올 추출물을 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1% 농도가 되게 첨가한 설기떡을 제조하여 0, 1, 2, 3, 4일 동안 $20^{\circ}C$의 항온기에 저장하면서로 수분 함량, 색도, 조직감, 총균수, 관능검사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 단삼을 건조시켜 분쇄한 후 95% ethanol로 추출, 농축한 것을 ethanol에 10% 농도로 희석하여 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 ${\mu}g$/disc 농도씩 되게 첨가하여 식품 부패 미생물의 증식 억제 효과를 검색한 결과 E. coli와 B. subtilis에 대한 항균 활성은 disc에 점적한 농도가 증가할수록 항균 활성을 나타내는 inhibition zone의 크기가 증가하여 1,000 ${\mu}g$/disc 농도에서 각각 9, 11 mm의 항균력을 나타내었고, S. aureus는 3,000 ${\mu}g$/disc 농도에서 8.5 mm의 항균력을 나타내었다. 수분 함량은 대조군과 단삼 추출물 첨가군들 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 명도 (L값)는 단삼 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). a값(적색도)과 b값(황색도)는 단삼 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 조직감에서 견고성과 점착성, 씹힘성은 단삼 추출물 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고, 저장기간에 따라서는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 부착성과 탄력성, 응집성은 첨가량에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나지 않았지만 저장기간별로 살펴봤을 때 저장기간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 소비자 기호도 검사결과, 단삼 추출물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 기호도가 감소하였고, 특성 강도 검사결과에서는 단삼분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 특성 강도 점수도 증가하였다. 이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 항균 활성이 있는 단삼 추출물을 설기떡 제조시 멥쌀가루에 0.5% 첨가한 군이 수분, 색, 기계적 texture에서 대조군과 단삼 추출물 첨가군들 간에 유의적 차이가 나지 않았고, 총균수에서는 저장 1일까지 초기 균수를 유지하였으며, 저장 4일까지도 미생물의 증식이 105 CFU/g 수준 이하로 유지되어 우수한 보존 효과를 나타내었으며, 품질 평가에 중요한 요인인 기호도 검사에서 좋은 점수를 얻었으므로, 0.5% 단삼 추출물 첨가가 설기떡에 대한 보존 효과와 품질 특성에 좋은 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이라 사료되며, 천연 대체 보존제로서의 가능성이 있다고 할 수 있다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 2009

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a traditional Korean medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as edema, arthritis, hepatitis, and endangitis. The several extracts of danshen were tested for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in clinic by broth microdilution method, the checkerboard, and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of the combination of the extracts with antibiotics. The chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.0078-0.3125${\mu}g/mL$; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 0.019-0.625${\mu}g/mL$] were found to have strong antibacterial activity against MRSA. Additionally, when the $CHCl_3$ and HEX extracts were co-administered with ampicillin or oxacillin, a synergistic effect against MRSA was observed. Furthermore, a time-kill study evaluating the effects of the extracts against MRSA indicated that treatment with the $CHCl_3$ extract in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin produced rapid bactericidal activity. These results suggest that danshen extracts may have potently antimicrobial activity and thus, it can be a suitable phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts on bone regeneration. Two known samples were screened. Materials and Methods: We previously established a rat calvaria defect model using a combination of collagen scaffold and herbal extracts. An 8 mm diameter trephine bur with a low-speed dental hand piece was used to create a circular calvaria defect. The experimental group was divided into 4 classifications: control, collagen matrix, Danshen with collagen, and Ge Gan with collagen. Animals in each group were sacrificed at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after surgery, and bone regeneration ability was evaluated by histological examination. Results: Results revealed that both Danshen and Ge Gan extracts increased bone formation activity when used with collagen matrix. All groups showed almost the same histological findings until 6 weeks. However, after 6 weeks, bone formation activity proceeded differently in each group. In the experimental groups, new bone formation activity was found continuously up to 10 weeks. In the Danshen and Ge Gan groups, grafted materials were still present until 10 weeks after treatment, as evidenced by foreign body reactions showing multinucleated giant cells in chronic inflammatory vascular connective tissue. Conclusion: Histological analyses showed that Danshen and Ge Gan extractions increased bone formation activity when used in conjunction with collagen matrix.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내산 단삼을 활용하여 amylase계, cellulase계, pectinase계 및 protease계 효소제를 이용한 저온 추출법에 따른 단삼 추출물의 이화학적 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 단삼 추출물의 수율, pH, 당도 및 색도 변화는 amylase계 효소를 이용하여 $60^{\circ}C$, 4시간 처리구에서 58.3%, pH 6.04, $5.97^{\circ}Brix$와 65.06(L) 및 35.13(b)로 가장 높게 나타났으며, a값은 protease계 효소를 이용하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 처리구에서 14.88로 붉은색을 나타내었다. 효소제를 이용한 단삼 추출물의 항산화능은 추출농도 55 ppm에서 DPPH 및 ABTs 소거능 84.25 및 74.11%로 amylase계 효소를 이용하여 $60^{\circ}C$, 4시간 처리구에서 가장 높은 소거능을 나타내었다. 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$ 효소 처리구간들에서 비교적 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 단삼 추출물의 salvianolic acid B 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 4시간, amylase계 효소구에서 3,002 mg%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, cryptotanshinone 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$ 4시간 amylase 및 protease계 효소 처리구에서 3.8 mg%으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, tanshinon I함량은 $60^{\circ}C$ 4시간 protease계 효소구에서 14.2 mg%으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 amylase계 효소를 이용하여 단삼의 저온 효소 추출시 단삼 추출물의 지표성분의 안정적 추출이 가능한 바, 기능성 소재로서 대량생산을 통한 산업적 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 효소제를 이용한 저온 효소추출법은 천연물의 다양한 원료에 접목시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.437-440
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• 2012

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates various cellular processes such as cell survival, angiogenesis and proliferation. In the present study, we examined that Cryptotanshione(CT), a tanshinone from oriental traditional medicinal herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), had the inhibitory effects on hypoxia-mediated activation of STAT3 in androgen independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. CT inhibited the protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) under hypoxic condition. Consistently, CT blocked hypoxia-induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT3. In addition, CT reduced cellular of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a critical angiogenic factor and a target gene of STAT3 induced under hypoxia. Of note, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay revealed that CT inhibited binding of STAT3 to VEGF promoter. Taken together, our results suggest that CT has anti-angiogenic activity by disturbing the binding STAT3 to the VEGF promoter in PC-3 cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 1998

Farmesy-Protein Transferase의 저해제는 Ras단백질의 발암활성을 차잔하는 항암제의 후보로서 알려져있다. 우리는 최근에 topoisomerase I에 대하여 저해활성을 갖는 dihydrotanshinone I을 약용식물인 Salvia miltorhiza Bunge(Danshen)으로부터 분리하였다. Dihydrotanshinone Iml 작용기작의 해석을 위한 시도에서 farmesy-Protein Transferase에 대한 저해능($IC_{50}$치= 15ug/ml)을 관찰하였으며, 이것은 유용한 항암제로서의 가능성을 제시한 결과로 본다.