• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2000

The Rehabilitation and repair of structurally deteriorated reinforced concrete structure become more necessary as time goes by. The goal of this study is that provide the data about flexural retrofitted effect of RC beam strengthened by Steel Plate. In order to provide the data, 6 specimens were manufactured and divided with standard specimen and damaged degree A, B, C. Division of damaged A, B, C is based on deflection and degree of crack. In the determination of deflection and degree of crack, we loaded standard specimen to failure under two-point bending to find yielding load and failure load, and then we found deflections and degree of crack that correspond to 75%, 100%, 105% of the yielding load of standard specimen respectively. When we are compared with standard specimen and strengthened specimens, we founded from the experimental results that flexural capacity of structurally damaged beam strengthened by Steel Plate incremented highly, ductility was decreased, and energy absorbtion capacity was almost same.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 1981

Strong wind of 6.5m/s from electric fan was applied to rice at heading stage to find out the nature of wind damage to panicle. Damaged panicles caused by typhoon were sampled out of field to measure the yield and milling components. Wind-treated glumes were developed into two forms, fertile and sterile, and each of them showed all degree of glume discoloration. The number of fertile grains were higher than sterile grains in a damaged panicle. Averagesdegree of glume discoloration was higher in not flowered glume than in flowered glume. The more recently flowered glumes resulted the higher degree of discoloration among flowered glume. The percent of sterile grain to total number of grains was the highest at stage of just flowering. The glume discoloration representing wind damage at heading state advanced in degree in ten days after treatment compared to that just after treatment. Grain length and grain width were decreased with the increased degree of glume discoloration, while grain thickness was not changed greatly. Chalkiness was a little higher in damaged grain than in normal grain without definite trends by degree of discoloration. Ripening ratio, 1000 grain weight and yield decreased with increased degree of glume discoloration in damaged panicle by typhoon. Decreasing order in yield was white rice, rough rice and brown rice. Ratio of brown rice to rough rice increased, white rice to brown rice decreased, and milling recovery was not changed greatly with increased degree of 히ume discoloration.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.533-536
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• 2007

The LiDAR data structure has the potential for modeling in three dimensions because the LiDAR data can represent voxels with z value under certain defined conditions. Therefore, it is possible to classify the physical damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire as using the LiDAR data because the physical loss of canopy height and width by forest fire can be relative to an amount of points reached to the ground through the canopy of damaged forest. On the other hand, biological damage of vegetation by forest fire can be explained using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) which show vegetation vitality. In this study, we graded the damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun of South Korea using the LiDAR data for physical grading and digital aerial photograph including Red, Green, Blue and Near Infra-Red bands for biological grading. The LiDAR data was classified into 2 classes, of which one was Serious Physical Damaged (SPD) and the other was Light Physical Damaged (LPD) area. The NDVI was also classified into 2 classes which are Serious Biological Damaged (SBD) and Light Biological Damaged (LBD) area respectively. With each 2 classes ofthe LiDAR data and NDVI, the damaged area by forest fire was graded into 4 degrees like damaged class 1,2,3 and 4 grade. As a result of this study, 1 graded area was the broadest and next was the 3 grade. With this result, we could know that the burned area by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun was damaged rather biologically because the NDVI in 1 and 3 grade appeared low value whereas the LiDAR data in 1 and 3 grade included light physical damage like the LPD.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 1995

솔껍질깍지벌레(Matsucoccus thunbergianae)의 수령에 따른 피해율은 7년이상 22년까지의 수령에서 피해율이 높았고, 피해목의 피해정도에 따른 자연부유균의 침해율에서 균사의 확대가 최대에 달하는 발병정도가 7정도에 이르기까지의 기간은 100% 고사목에서는 48일이, 80% 이상 고사목에서는 54일이, 40~50% 고사목에서는 약 75일이, 그러나 10% 이하 고사목과 무피해목에서는 80일 이상에서도 발병정도 3~4 정도였다. 피해목의 년륜폭은 무피해목 3.5cm 에 대하여 100% 고사목 0.77, 80% 고사목 0.88, 40~50% 고사목 1.22, 10% 이하 고사목은 1.37로 좁아졌고 피해정도에 따른 단위면적당 세포수도 피해가 심할수록 적어졌고, 함수율은 피해가 심할수록 높았으며, 휨강도는 낮아졌다. 또한 1% NaOH 추출물도 적었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제70권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 경남(慶南) 진주지역(晋州地域)에서 발생(發生)한 야서(野鼠)의 맹종죽순(孟宗竹筍) 피해(被害)에 관해서 조사(調査)하여 피해죽림분(被害竹林分)의 주변(周邊)과 내(內)의 식생(植生)을 분석(分析)하고 서식환경(棲息環境)을 파악하여, 피해정도(被害程度)와 피해율(被害率), 가해야서(加害野鼠)의 종류(種類)를 밝혀 피해예방(被害豫防) 및 구제(驅除)에 기여코져 실시하였다. 그 결과(結果) 피해죽림(被害竹林) 주변(周邊)의 입목도(立木度)와 서식환경(棲息環境)에 따라 피해도(被害度)에 영향을 미쳤으며, 피해도(被害度)는 ha당(當) 7.1개(個)로 4,359.1g이었고, 피해율(被害率)은 0.23%이었다. 피해시기(被害時期)는 4월(月) 중순(中旬)에 시작되어, 4월(月) 23일(日)경에 최고에 달하고 5월(月) 중(中) 하순(下旬)에 종료(終了)되었다. 피해죽순(被害竹筍)의 평균장(平均長)은 28.12cm, 직경(直徑) 7.49cm, 무게 613.96g이었으며, 부위별(部位別) 피해형(被害型)은 지상(地上), 지표(地表), 지하피해형(地下被害型) 중에서 지상(地上), 지하피해형(地下被害型)이 많았다. 피해죽림분(被害竹林分) 내(內)에서 포획(捕獲)된 야서(野鼠)는 쥐목(目)에 속하는 등줄쥐와 생쥐, 그리고 식충목(食蟲目)에 속하는 우수리땃쥐 등(等) 3종(種)이었으며 주가해종(主加害種)은 등줄쥐와 생쥐 중 등줄쥐가 많았다. 또한, 우수리땃쥐는 남부지방(南部地方)에 서식(棲息)함이 처음 발견(發見)되었다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2012

Carbon-fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) laminates made of nano-particle-coated carbon fibers and damaged by a simulated lightning strike were tested under compression-after-impact(CAI) mode, during which the damage progress due to compressive loading has been monitored by acoustic emission(AE). The impact damage was induced not by mechanical loading but by a simulated lightning strike. Conductive nano-particles were coated directly on the fibers, from which CFRP coupons were made. The coupon were subjected to the strikes with a high voltage/current impulse of 10~40 kA within a few ${\mu}s$. The effects of nano-particle coating and the degree of damage induced by the simulated lightning strikes on AE activities were examined, and the relationship between the compressive residual strength and AE behavior has been evaluated in terms of AE event counts and the onset of AE activity with the compressive loading. The degree of impact damage was also measured in terms of damage area by using ultrasonic C-scan images. The assessment during the CAI tests of damaged CFRP showed that AE monitoring appeared to be useful to differentiate the degree of damage hence the mechanical integrity of composite structures damaged by lightning strikes.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2008

The goal of this study is to provide beauticians with the fundamental material to use effectively heat permanent wave in beauty industry as well as their customer's satisfaction. It carried out an experiment with damaged hair of a woman in her late twenties to investigate the change of physical and morphological characteristics by its water content when performing heat permanent wave. After spreading 0g, 1g, 2g, 3g, and 4g of water on damaged hair respectively, heat permanent wave was treated and the change of hair was observed. The change of physical characteristic was compared through permanent wave form of hair, tensile strength and elongation. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). The result of experiment on the physical specificity revealed that permanent wave form was the most ideal when the water content was 2g, also 3g. Though the materials with much moisture content formed the results were not satisfied. The material with 0g of water content didn't make the wave. In terms of tensile strength and elongation, tensile strength was generally reduced as per the damaged degree of hair. On the contrary, elongation was increased. It observed the changes of morphological characteristic that the damage on hair cuticle was deepen, as its moisture content was decreased, and cuticle's surface was worn away. The observation of fine structure on hair section by transmission electronic microscope also certainly showed the result that damaged hair having experience with chemical treatment had got much damaged to hair cuticle as well as hair cortex. Generally chemical treatment makes hair damaged. Under consideration of this aspect, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to minimize the damage of hair caused by chemical treatment and get the satisfaction on the hair style. According to the result of experiment, the damaged hair whose moisture content was 3g showed the best permanent wave form.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.615-620
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• 2018

In order to analyze the healing effectiveness of rock salt cracks affected by the applied stresses and time, we used the ultrasonic technology to monitor the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) variations for different initial stress-damaged rock salts during self-healing experiments. The self-healing experiments were to create different conditions to improve the microcracks closure or recrystallized, which the self-healing effect of damaged salt specimens were analyzed during the recovery period about 30 days. We found that: The ultrasonic pulse velocity of the damaged rock salts increases rapidly during the first 9 days recovery, and the values gradually increase to reach constant values after 30 days. The damaged value and the healed value were identified based on the variation of the wave velocity. The damaged values of the specimens that are subject to higher initial damage stress are still keeping in large after 30 days recovery under the same recovery condition It is interesting that the damage and the healing were not in the linear relationship, and there also existed a damage threshold for salt cracks healing ability. When the damage degree is less than the threshold, the self-healing ratio of rock salt is increased with the increase in damage degree. However, while the damage degree exceeds the threshold, the self-healing ratio is decreased with the increase in damage.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.211-214
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• 2007

After the forest fire, as access is not easy, forest damage degree are determined with Landsat TM image rather than visual inspection. Therefore in this study, damaged areas are extracted with factor analysis and cluster analysis. Second factor analysis was performed for areas suspicious as forest fire damage areas to evaluate accuracy after separating into strong, medium and light forest fire areas.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

Background: Medical doctors who perform C-arm fluoroscopy-guided procedures are exposed to X-ray radiation. Therefore, radiation-protective shields are recommended to protect these doctors from radiation. For the past several years, these protective shields have sometimes been used without regular inspection. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of damage to radiation-protective shields in the operating room. Methods: This study investigated 98 radiation-protective shields in the operation rooms of Konkuk University Medical Center and Jeju National University Hospital. We examined whether these shields were damaged or not with the unaided eye and by fluoroscopy. Results: There were seventy-one aprons and twenty-seven thyroid protectors in the two university hospitals. Fourteen aprons (19.7%) were damaged, whereas no thyroid protectors (0%) were. Of the twenty-six aprons, which have been used since 2005, eleven (42.3%) were damaged. Of the ten aprons, which have been used since 2008, none (0%) was damaged. Of the twenty-three aprons that have been used since 2009, two (8.7%) of them were damaged. Of the eight aprons used since 2010, one (12.3%) was damaged. Of the four aprons used since 2011, none (0%) of them were damaged. The most common site of damage to the radiation-protective shields was at the waist of the aprons (51%). Conclusions: As a result, aprons that have been used for a long period of time can have a higher risk of damage. Radiation-protective shields should be inspected regularly and exchanged for new products for the safety of medical workers.