• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect on nerve regeneration of ultrasound irradiation in rats with peripheral nerve injury. Methods: To investigate alterations of the NCAM immunoreactivity in non-crushed part and crushed part of the spinal cord, the unilateral sciatic nerve of the rats were crushed. The expression of NCAM was used as the marked of peripheral nerve regeneration, and also plays an important role in developing nerve system. Experimental animals were sacrificed by perfusion fixation at post-injury 1, 3, 7, 14 days after ultrasound irradiation. The pulsed US was applied at a frequency of 1MHz and a spatial average-temporal average Intensity of 0.5W/of (20% pulse ratio) for 1 mins. The Luxol fast blue-cresyl violet stain were also done to observe the morphological changes. Results: Alteration of NCAM immunoreactivity in the crushed part and the non-crushed part of lower lumbar spinal cord were observed. NCAM-immunoreactivity cells were some increased in the dorsal horn lamina I, III and cell ventral horn at 1 day after unilateral sciatic nerve injury. However, there was not significant difference in the relationship between crushed part and non-crushed part. NCAM-inmmunoreactivity was remarkably increased at 3 days after unilateral sciatic nerve injuryin the gray matter and white matter. NCAM-immunoreactivity was increased in the ventral horn and post horn of experimental crushed part. Also, NCAM-immunoreactivity in large motor neurons in ventral horns lamina VIII, IX were increased at 7 days after unilateral sciatic nerve injury. At 14 days after sciatic nerve crushed injury, there was no significant difference. All group were decreased for 14 days. In the time course of NCAM expression, all groups showed a significant difference at 3day groups(p<0.05). Whereas, CC group was noted a significant difference between 3day and 7 day group respectively. In NCAM expression, there were significantly increased in all group. In the relationship between CNC group and ENC group, significant difference was detected among 3, 7, 14 day group(p<0.05). The difference between CC group and ENC group were noted in all groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is consequently suggested that the effects of the ultrasound irradiation may increase the NCAM immunoreactive neurons and glial cell in the spinal cord after unilateral sciatic nerve crushed injury. Therefore, the increased NCAM immunoreactivity in the spinal cord may reflect the neuronal damage and healing process induced by a ultrasound irradiation after peripheral nerve injury in rat.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.317-328
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• 1997

Since laser therapy has been applied to dentistry, many dental practitioners are very interested in laser therapy on various intraoral soft tissue lesions including gingival hyperplasia and aphthous ulcer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the therapeutic effect and the harmful effect of a pulsed-Nd:YAG laser irradiation on human gingival tissue. In twenty periodontal patients with gingival enlargement, the facial gingival surface of maxillary anterior teeth was randomly irradiated at various power of 1.0W(100mJ, 10Hz), 3.0W(100mJ, 30Hz) and 6.0W(l50mJ, 40Hz) for 60 seconds by contact delivery of a pulsed-Nd:YAG laser(EN.EL.EN060, Italy). Immediately after laser irradiation, the gingival tissues were surgically excised and prepared in size of 1mm3. Subsequently the specimens were processed for prefixation and postfixation, embedded with epon mixture, sectioned in $1{\mu}$ thickness, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under transmission electron microscope(JEM 100 CXII). Following findings were observed; l. In the gingival specimens irradiated with l.OW power, widening of intercelluar space and minute vesicle formation along the widened intercellular space were noted at the epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area. 2. In the gingival specimens irradiated with 3.0W power, the disruption of cellular membrane, aggregation of cytoplasm, and loss of intercellular space were observed at the epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area. 3. In the gingival specimens irradiated with 6.0W power, the disruption of nuclear and cellular membrane was observed at the epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area. The ultrastructural findings of this study suggest that surgical application of a pulsed-Nd:YAG laser on human gingival tissue may lead somewhat delayed wound healing due to damage of epithelial cells adjacent to irradiated area.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1995

천공기로 소나무와 밤나무에 구멍을 뚫고 살충제인 포스팜을 수간주입한 후에 주입공 주변의 변화를 조사하였다. 수간주입은 9월에 실시하였으며, 주입공은 지름 1cm와 0.5cm를 비교하였다. 왕성한 수세의 나무들 중에서 공시목을 선발하였으며, 소나무는 흉고직경 10, 20, 30cm, 밤나무는 10, 15, 20cm이었다. 처리 이듬해 6월의 결과조사에서, 외관상으로 부후의 징후를 보이는 나무는 없었으나, 수피를 벗겨낸 목질부에서는 뚜렷한 변색이 일어나고 있었다. 변색의 정도는 수간주입공의 크기에 비례하여, 1cm 주입공에서의 변색부가 0.5cm 주입공에서의 변색부보다 더 컸다. 그러나, 공시목의 종류나 크기는 변색부의 크기와는 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일부 공시목에서 주입공을 기점으로하여 목질부가 길이방향으로 갈라져 있는 현상이 나타났는데, 그 길이는 소나무에서 보다는 밤나무에서, 그리고 0.5cm 주입공에서 보다는 1cm 주입공에서 더 길었다. 갈라진 부분에서는 새로운 유조직이 자라나와 갈라진 부분을 메워가고 있었다. 흡수식 수간주입 자체가 나무에 미치는 피해는 밤나무에서, 그리고, 주입공의 크기가 1cm일 때 더 컸다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.38-67
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• 2003

The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water. steam. hot oil, sour and salty. It is occurred frequently in the daily life as well as oriental therapy like moxibustion therapy, physical therapy. Nevertheless, medical treatment of the burn is almost dependent on western cure. So we chose the oriental medicine textbooks and the oriental medicine journals that were dealing with the drugs, processing the drugs. peculiar treatment put first external cure. The results were as follows; 1. The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water, steam, hot oil, sour and salty. 2. The burn cause blisters, irritability and restlessness, nausea, dryness of mouth, constipation, in case of serious, coma, dyspnea and death. The early stage of the burn, blisters form by skin damage and they burst into skin ulceration from which pus issues, the latter term, the wound form scab and healed up. 3. In a light case, medical treatment of the burn was used external treatment by medicine for externalism use, in a serious case, it was used both as an internal remedy and medicine for outward application. Also in the early stage, it was careful of using the cold and cool medicine, as the process of healing, it was used alleviating pain, detoxicating, moistening the skin, growing muscle and skin, convergence, evacuating pus, regeneration of the tissue, strengthen the spleen and nourishing the stomach. 4. The external treatment medication is Herba Ephedrae Oil(麻油), Radix ET Rhizoma Rhei(大黃), Glauberitum(寒水石), Water(水), Pig OiI(猪油), Pig Fat(猪脂), Radix Angelicae Gigantis(當歸), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連), Cortex Phellodindri(黃栢). The White of an Egg(鷄子淸), Raw Honey(生蜜), Honey(蜜), Wine(酒), Etc. It is mostly the cold and cool medications. 5. Soft extracted and powered dosage form in external treatment is much used. The soft extracted form(32times used) are mostly Chung Ryang paste(淸凉膏) and Fructus Papaveris paste(罌粟膏). The powered form(30times used) are mostly Bingsang Powder(氷霜散), Bosaenggugo Powder(保生救苦散), Sahwang Powder(四黃散). The others is much a various powder adding solvent. 6. If varicella stage, erosion after varicella stage, oozing stage and extreme pain stage, the powder adding solvent is much used. If little oozing stage. ulcering stage, scabing stage and a chronic stage, Soft extracted dosage form is much used. 7. The most many(26.65%) used method is that apply each medication power mixed water(水), wine(酒), honey(蜜) in a wounded part.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.578-582
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• 2009

Purpose: In extensive deep burn of the lower limb, due to less amount of soft tissue, bone is easily exposed. When it happens, natural healing or reconstruction with skin graft only is not easy. Local flap is difficult to success, because adjacent skins are burnt or skin grafted tissues. Muscle flap or free flap are also limited and has high failure rate due to deep tissue damage. The authors acquired good outcome by performing one - stage operation on bone exposed soft tissue defect with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(LifeCell, USA), an acellular dermal matrix producted from cadaveric skin. Methods: We studied 14 bone exposed soft tissue defect patients from March 2002 to March 2009. Average age, sex, cause of burn, location of wound, duration of admission period, and postoperative complications were studied. We removed bony cortex with burring, until conforming pinpoint bone bleeding. Then rehydrated AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(25 / 1000 inches, meshed type) was applicated on wound, and thin split thickness(6 ~ 8 / 1000 inches) skin graft was done at the immediately same operative time. Results: Average age of patients was 53.6 years(25 years ~ 80 years, SD = 16.8), and 13 patients were male(male : female = 13 : 1). Flame burn was the largest number. (Flame burn 6, electric burn 3, contact burn 4, and scalding burn 1). Tibia(8) was the most affected site. (tibia 8, toe 4, malleolus 1, and metatarsal bone 1). Thin STSC with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ took without additional surgery in 12 of 14 patients. Partial graft loss was shown on four cases. Two cases were small in size under $1{\times}1cm$, easily healed with simple dressing, and other two cases needed additional surgery. But in case of additional surgery, granulation tissue has easily formed, and simple patch graft on AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ was enough. Average duration of admission period of patients without additional surgery was 15 days(13 ~ 19 days). Conclusion: AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft give us an advantage in short surgery time and less limitations in donor site than flap surgery. Postoperative scar is less than in conventional skin graft because of more firm restoration of dermal structure with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$. We propose that AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft could be a solution to bone exposured soft tissue defects in extensive deep burned patients on lower extremities, especially when adjacent tissue cannot be used for flap due to extensive burn.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

In addition to its typical use for skin rejuvenation, fractional laser irradiation of early cancerous lesions may reduce the risk of tumor development as a byproduct of wound healing in the stroma after the controlled injury. While fractional ablative lasers are commonly used for cosmetic/aesthetic purposes (e.g., photorejuvenation, hair removal, and scar reduction), we propose a novel use of such laser treatments as a stromal treatment to delay tumorigenesis and suppress carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) irradiation may have a possible suppressive effect on early tumor growth in syngeneic mouse tumor models. We included two syngeneic mouse tumor models in irradiation groups and control groups. In the irradiation group, a thulium fiber based NAFL at 1927 nm was used to irradiate the skin area including the tumor injection region with 70 mJ/spot, while no laser irradiation was applied to the control group. Numerical simulation with the same experimental condition showed that thermal damage was confined only to the irradiation spots, sparing the adjacent tissue area. The irradiation groups of both tumor models showed smaller tumor volumes than the control group at an early tumor growth stage. We also detected elevated inflammatory cytokine levels a day after the NAFL irradiation. NAFL treatment of the stromal tissue could potentially be an alternative anticancer therapeutic modality for early tumorigenesis in a minimally invasive manner.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 2024

본 연구는 국가폭력 피해자들의 경험에 대해 알아보고, 국가폭력 트라우마와 일반 트라우마의 차이를 밝히며, 국가폭력 트라우마 치유에 도움이 되는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 국가폭력 피해당사자와 가족으로 제주4·3사건 11명, 여수·순천10·19사건 11명, 5·18민주화운동 6명을 포함하여 총 28명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 면담 내용을 근거이론 방법으로 분석한 결과, 총 170개의 개념과 57개의 하위범주, 20개의 범주가 도출되었다. 중심현상은 국가폭력으로 발생한 직접적인 피해들이었으며, 여기에는 외상후 스트레스, 사회적 낙인, 공동체로부터의 고립, 사회·경제적 문제, 가족 해체 등이 있었다. 과정분석 결과, 참여자들의 경험은 '외상', '고립', '저항', '체념', '회복', '성장'의 총 6단계로 구분되었으며, 각 단계는 순차적, 상호적인 영향을 주고받는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과들을 중심으로 국가폭력 트라우마와 일반 트라우마와의 차이점과 공동체 지지 등의 사회·문화적 요인이 국가폭력 트라우마 치유에 중요한 요인임을 논의하였다. 또한 본 연구의 의의와 한계점, 그리고 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2024

Cordycepin, a valuable bioactive component isolated from Cordyceps militaris, has been reported to possess anti-cancer potential and the property to enhance the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in various types of cancers. However, the ability of cordycepin to chemosensitize cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells to gemcitabine has not yet been evaluated. The current study was performed to evaluate the above, and the mechanisms associated with it. The study analyzed the effects of cordycepin in combination with gemcitabine on the cancer stem-like properties of the CCA SNU478 cell line, including its anti-apoptotic, migratory, and antioxidant effects. In addition, the combination of cordycepin and gemcitabine was evaluated in the CCA xenograft model. The cordycepin treatment significantly decreased SNU478 cell viability and, in combination with gemcitabine, additively reduced cell viability. The cordycepin and gemcitabine co-treatment significantly increased the Annexin V+ population and downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, suggesting that the decreased cell viability in the cordycepin+gemcitabine group may result from an increase in apoptotic death. In addition, the cordycepin and gemcitabine co-treatment significantly reduced the migratory ability of SNU478 cells in the wound healing and trans-well migration assays. It was observed that the cordycepin and gemcitabine cotreatment reduced the CD44^highCD133^high population in SNU478 cells and the expression level of sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2), indicating the downregulation of the cancer stem-like population. Cordycepin also enhanced oxidative damage mediated by gemcitabine in MitoSOX staining associated with the upregulated Kelch like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression ratio. In the SNU478 xenograft model, co-administration of cordycepin and gemcitabine additively delayed tumor growth. These results indicate that cordycepin potentiates the chemotherapeutic property of gemcitabine against CCA, which results from the downregulation of its cancer-stem-like properties. Hence, the combination therapy of cordycepin and gemcitabine may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of CCA.