• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2020

Evaluating the patient's voice before thyroidectomy is useful for the purpose of identifying patients with vocal cord paralysis without symptoms, identifying other patient's voice abnormalities, and whether it is related to voice disorders that may occur after surgery. Also voice evaluation after thyroid surgery is helpful in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation and follow-up of voice disorders that occur without clear nerve damage after thyroidectomy. And it is helpful for rapid recovery through active early rehabilitation treatment for patients who complain of speech impairment without paralysis. In particular, neck exercise can improve the adhesion of the surgical site and increase the range of motion of the neck as well as improve subjective neck discomfort. In addition, hearing, voice and breathing functions should be improved, and voice hygiene education and counseling should be provided. Vocal cord injection is the first treatment option for unilateral vocal cord palsy. By establishing a protocol for voice disorders before and after thyroid surgery and providing appropriate treatment, the quality of life of patients can be improved.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.243-249
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• 2021

A decrease in coronary blood flow leads to an imbalance between the supply of oxygen to the myocardium and its demand, and reversible or irreversible damage to the myocardium could occur depending on the severity of the resultant ischemia and the duration of the imbalance. This imbalance results in a cascade of ischemic reactions in the following order: metabolic abnormalities, diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction, and electrocardiogram changes. Variant angina is caused by the closure of the coronary artery due to reversible coronary artery spasm, resulting in myocardial ischemia and subsequent chest pain as a clinical symptom. Variant angina may be observed as ST segment elevation in electrocardiogram measured when present in chest pain. However, 12-lead electrocardiogram performed after the patient's chest pain resolves does not help in the diagnosis. Since the duration of chest pain appears to be <15 minutes, it is important to perform the 12-lead electrocardiogram when clinical symptoms are present. If nitroglycerin is administered without performing 12-lead electrocardiogram by 119 pre-hospital paramedics, the chest pain would be resolved, making it impossible to identify changes in the ST segment. Before administration of nitroglycerin, changes in the ST segment must be recorded by performing 12-lead electrocardiogram.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by severe inflammation in the colon. Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Pu-erh tea, a unique Chinese tea produced by microbial activities, possesses a broad range of health-promoting effects, including anti-aging, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antioxidation and anti-obesity. However, the inhibitory effect of Pu-erh tea on intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the regulatory effect of Pu-erh tea extract (PTE) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis clinical signs by analyzing the weight loss and colon length in mice. The inhibitory effects of PTE on inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also determined in DSS-treated colitis tissue. We observed that PTE treatment significantly inhibited the DSS-induced clinical symptoms of weight loss, decrease,in colon length, and colon tissue damage in mice. Moreover, PTE attenuated the DSS-induced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissue. We also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PTE by suppressing the activation of NF-κB in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings provide experimental evidence that PTE may be effective in preventing and treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders, including UC.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.309-319
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• 2022

Metabolic bone diseases are serious health issues worldwide, since several million individuals over the age of 50 are at risk of bone damage and should be worried about their bone health. One in every two women and one in every four men will break a bone during their lifetime due to a metabolic bone disease. Early detection, raising bone health awareness, and maintaining a balanced healthy diet may reduce the risk of skeletal fractures caused by metabolic bone diseases. This review compiles information on the most common metabolic bone diseases (osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, and fluorosis disease) seen in the global population, including their symptoms, mechanisms, and causes, as well as discussing their prevention and the development of new drugs for treatment. A large amount of research literature suggests that balanced nutrition and balanced periodic supplementation of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D can improve re-absorption and the regrowth of bones, and inhibit the formation of skeletal fractures, except in the case of hereditary bone diseases. Meanwhile, new and improved drug formulations, such as raloxifene, teriparatide, sclerostin, denosumab, and abaloparatide, have been successfully developed and administered as treatments for metabolic bone diseases, while others (romososumab and odanacatib) are in various stages of clinical trials.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

Traditionally, Asian ginseng or Korean ginseng, Panax ginseng has long been used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The main active components of Panax ginseng is ginsenoside, which is known to have various pharmacological treatment effects such as antioxidant, vascular easing, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anticancer. Most reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause chronic diseases such as myocardial symptoms and cause fatal oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids and proteins. Therefore, many studies that inhibit the production of oxidative stress have been conducted in various fields of physiology, pathophysiology, medicine and health, and disease. Recently, ginseng or ginsenosides have been known to act as antioxidants in vitro and in vivo results, which have a beneficial effect on preventing cardiovascular disease. The current review aims to provide mechanisms and inform precious information on the effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on the prevention of oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in animals and clinical trials.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2022

Amatoxin-induced mushroom poisoning starts with nonspecific symptoms of toxicity but hepatic damage may follow, resulting in the rapid development of liver insufficiency and, ultimately, coma and death. Accurate detection of amatoxins, such as α-, β-, and γ-amanitin, within the first few hours after presentation is necessary to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients. Therefore, analytical methods for the identification and quantification of α-, β-, and γ-amanitin in biological samples are necessary for clinical and forensic toxicology. This study presents a literature review of the analytical techniques available for amatoxin detection in biological matrices, and established an inventory of liquid chromatography (LC) techniques with mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet (UV) detection, and electrochemical detection (ECD). LC-MS methods using quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and orbitrap MS are powerful analytical techniques for the identification and determination of amatoxins in plasma, urine, serum, and tissue samples, with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility compared to LC with UV and ECD, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and capillary electrophoresis methods.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.513-517
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• 2022

An investigation of the severe destruction of wood ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula-judae), which were commercially cultivated in a plastic house in Hwabuk-myeon, Jeju-si, South Korea from April to August 2021, revealed a tenebrionid beetle subsequently identified as Platydema takeii Nakane, 1956 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a tenebrionid species infesting commercially cultivated mushrooms in South Korea. The damage symptoms and diagnosable characteristics of adults and larvae of P. takeii are provided in this study.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2019

For a minimally invasive approach to access the facial nerve, we designed an extended epitympanotomy via a transmastoid approach that has proven useful in cases of traumatic facial nerve palsy and pre-cholesteatoma. To evaluate the surgical exposure through an extended epitympanotomy, six patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy were enrolled in this study. The same surgical technique was used in all patients. Patients were assessed and the degree of facial nerve paralysis was determined prior to surgery, 1-week post-operatively, and 6-months post-operatively using the House-Brackmann grading system. In all cases, surgical exposure was adequate. All patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy were male and the age range was 13 to 83 years. In all cases, the location of the facial nerve damage was limited to the area between the first and second genu. Symptoms of all the patients improved by 6 months post-operation (p=0.024). There were no complications in any of the patients. Extended epitympanotomy is useful for safe, rapid surgical exposure of the attic area, sparing the patient post-operative dimpling, skin incision complications, and lengthy exposure to anesthesia. We suggest that surgery for patients with facial nerve palsy secondary to trauma be performed using this described technique.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.253-262
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• 1998

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a potent mycotoxin causing considerable health hazard and economic loss- e,i. OA is of concern as it is hepato-nephrotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic to a great variety of animals. LDso of crude OA was 8.5 mgf kg.b.w., i.p. The clinical symptoms, mortalities and necropsy were recorded in rats injected with OA (LD5o, i.p.) during 10 days of daily treatment. Ginseng treatments (20 mg 1 kg. b.w., i.p.) : before, mixed with, or after OA dose, completely prevented the mortality in rats. OA-treated animals showed microcytic normochromic anaemia, lucocytosis, hypoproteinaemia and elevation of serum ALT, AST, AP, urea, and creatinine values. These findings were declined near the normal levels when ginseng injected with OA. OA (115 LDso) induced chromosomal aberrations (65.66%) compared to the control. When ginseng given 10 min before OA injection, chromosomal aberrations were reduced to be 31.66% compared to OA-treated animals. In conclusion: ginseng has a protective effect against ochratoxicosis, it has anti-genotoxic activity and it can repair the chromosomal damage induced by ochratoxin A. Key words Ochratoxicosis, Chromosomal aberrations, Mycotoxins, Ochratoxin A, Korean gin sting, Protective effect of Panax ginseng, Rat

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2019

For a minimally invasive approach to access the facial nerve, we designed an extended epitympanotomy via a transmastoid approach that has proven useful in cases of traumatic facial nerve palsy and pre-cholesteatoma. To evaluate the surgical exposure through an extended epitympanotomy, six patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy were enrolled in this study. The same surgical technique was used in all patients. Patients were assessed and the degree of facial nerve paralysis was determined prior to surgery, 1-week post-operatively, and 6-months post-operatively using the House-Brackmann grading system. In all cases, surgical exposure was adequate. All patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy were male and the age range was 13 to 83 years. In all cases, the location of the facial nerve damage was limited to the area between the first and second genu. Symptoms of all the patients improved by 6 months post-operation (p=0.024). There were no complications in any of the patients. Extended epitympanotomy is useful for safe, rapid surgical exposure of the attic area, sparing the patient post-operative dimpling, skin incision complications, and lengthy exposure to anesthesia. We suggest that surgery for patients with facial nerve palsy secondary to trauma be performed using this described technique.