• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2002

Ninety pre-puberal (6-7 months) female and 15 pre-puberal male Black Bengal goats were collected on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics from different parts of Bangladesh. Goats were reared under semi-intensive management, in permanent house. The animals were vaccinated against Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), drenched with anthelmentics and deeped in 0.5% Melathion solution. They were allowed to graze 6-7 h along with supplemental concentrate and green forages. Concentrates were supplied either 200-300 g/d (low level feeding) or quantity that supply NRC (1981) recommended nutrient (high level of feeding). Different physiological, productive and reproductive characteristics of the breed were recorded. At noon (temperature=$95^{\circ}F$ and light intensity=60480 LUX) rectal temperature and respiration rate of adult male and female increased from 100.8 to $104.8^{\circ}F$ and 35 to 115 breath/min, indicated a heat stress situation. Young female attain puberty at an average age and weight of 7.2$\pm$0.18 months and 8.89$\pm$0.33 kg respectively. Mean age and weight at 1st kidding were 13.5$\pm$0.49 months and 15.3$\pm$0.44 kg respectively. It required 1.24-1.68 services per conception with an average gestation length of 146 days. At low level of feeding the postpartum estrus interval was 37$\pm$2.6 days, which reduced (p<0.05) with high feeding level to 21$\pm$6.9 days. Kidding interval also reduced (p<0.05) from 192 d at low feeding level to 177 d at high feeding level. On an average there were two kiddings/doe/year. Average litter sizes in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity were 1.29, 1.71, 1.87 and 2.17 respectively. Birth weights of male and female kids were 1.24 and 1.20 kg respectively, which increased (p<0.05) with better feeding. Although kid mortality was affected (p<0.05) by dam's weight at kidding, birth weight of kid, milk yield of dam, parity of kidding, season of birth, but pre-netal dam's nutrition found to be the most important factor. Kid mortality reduced from 35% at low level of feeding to 6.5% at high level of feeding of dam during gestation. Apparently, this was due to high (p<0.05) average daily milk yield (334 vs. 556 g/d) and heavier and stronger kid at birth at high feeding level.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5C
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• pp.185-192
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to present and verify a method for evaluating the fundamental period of a rockfill dam using artificially generated vibration from a blasting event. In this study, the artificial blasting vibration tests were carried out at the site adjacent to the existing Seongdeok Dam for the first time in Korea. The artificial vibrations were induced by 4 different types of blasting with the various depths of blasting boreholes and the various explosive charge weight. During the tests, the accelerations time histories were recorded at the crest of the dam. In this acceleration history, only free vibration decay part following the main vibration event was extracted and it was analyzed by frequency domain analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). From the results of FFT, the fundamental period of the target dam was evaluated. It is found that the effect of different blasting types on the fundamental period of the target dam is negligible and the fundamental period of the target dam can be consistently obtained by blasting vibration tests. Furthermore, it is found that the period of the target dam calculated by the method using blasting vibration test is similar to that obtained by the method of previous researchers using the real earthquake records. Therefore, in case that the earthquake record is not available, the fundamental period of a rockfill dam can be reasonably evaluated if blasting vibration test is allowed at the site adjacent to the dam.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.517-520
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• 2008

Gravity dam use self weight to stand external force like hydraulic pressure. In general, gravity dam concrete is divided into internal and external concrete. Seongdeok dam is gravity dam which is being constructed in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeonsangbuk-do. And upstream cofferdam was constructed to examine the temperature crack due to hydration heat and to decide the height of placement. In this study, we examined the mix design of internal/external concrete and physical properties(compressive strength, adiabatic temperature rise). And we also performed laboratory tests to verify exothermic properties. Lastly, we measured the hydration heat and thermal stress of upstream cofferdam.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2004

This study is illustrated that 1) the effects of DEHP administration on body weight, sex ratio and litter size on 19 days in the prenatal period 2) the effects of reproductive organ weight and blood hematological values on 25 days postpartum in pregnant mice. DEHP was administrated to pregnant mice by intraperitoneal injection at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0mg/kg B.W from day 1 to day 16 in the gestation period with 5 times at 3 days interval. There were no significantly differences in the material body weight, litter size and sex ratio on 19 days in the prenatal period. The body weight of the fatal male mice was slightly lower in 1.0 and 10.0mg DEHP groups than in any other groups. The reproductive organ weight and hematological values in dam mice on 25 days postpartum were not affected by DEHP administration. The histological evaluation of ovary in dam mice on 25 days after dilivery was not different in all experimental groups, but the endometriosis and edema of uterus in dam mice were significantly decreased in 0.5mg DEHP group than that of control group.These results indicate that the administration of low concentration of DEHP was not affected on reproductive characteristic and blood hematological values in pregnant mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2002

During a 5-yr period, 1994-1998, pre-weaning and weaning data were collected on 591 calves produced by mating either straightbred Jersey, straightbred Limousin or $F_1$ (Limousin${\times}$Jersey) bulls to mature purebred Jersey or Limousin cows. Traits recorded included birth and weaning weight, height, length, girth, fat depth and a measure of muscle (ratio of stifle to hip width expressed as a percentage). All traits were analyzed assuming a model with sire and dam random effects that included effects of year and date of birth, sex, breed and year${\times}$sex interaction. Main effects were generally significant with few exceptions. Direct genetic effects were large for weight, height, girth and muscle with a breed trend from purebred Jersey (small) to purebred Limousin (large). At weaning, the maternal effect of the Jersey dam was positive for weight (10.9${\pm}$4.9 kg), girth (3.7${\pm}$1.0 cm) and muscle (6.0${\pm}$0.9%). Heterosis was highly significant and positive only for fat depth (1.5${\pm}$0.2 mm) with the $F_1$ progeny being the fattest, followed by the backcrosses, then purebred Jersey and purebred Limousin. Also, significant (p<0.001) but negative heterosis was observed for weight, girth and muscle. The change in ranking for fat depth relative to other traits is a reflection of the large heterotic effects relative to direct effects on fat depth. Epistatic effects were not significant on any trait at birth or weaning. This study has indicated the possibility of exploiting the positive heterotic and maternal effects for fat depth and muscularity to meet specific meat quality and quantity demand by consumers.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2019

Intake ratio from river constitutes about 31% (8/26) that beings to "water stress country" as "Medium ~ High" with China, India, Italy, South Africa, etc. Therefore, the present study on a dam that is the most effective and direct for securing water resources has been performed. First of all, climate change scenarios were investigated and analyzed. RCP 4.5 and 8.5 with 12.5 km grid resolution presented in the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) were applied to study watershed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and HEC-ResSim models that carried out co-operation. Based on the results of dam simulation, the reduction effects of floods and droughts were quantitatively presented. The procedures of dam projects of the USA, Japan and Korea were investigated. As a result, there are no estimating quantitative criteria, calculating methods or formulas. In the present study, therefore, indexes for selecting suitable dam site through literature investigation and analyzing dam watersheds were determined, Expert questionnaire for various indexes were performed. Based on the above mentioned investigation and expert questionnaire, a methodology assigning weight using AHP method were proposed. The function of suitable dam (FSDS) site was calibrated and verified for four medium-sized watersheds. Finally, automated model for suitable dam site was developed using FSDS and 'Model builder' of GIS tool.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.402-412
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the population characteristics of the fish and the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), designated as ecologically disturbing fish, living in four water dams in the Ulsan area and to provide basic data. The survey of fish living in 4 water dams and surrounding tributaries in the Ulsan area from 2016 to 2017 found a total of 1,987 individuals of 28 species of 9 families and identified 6 Korea's endemic species is (21.4% indigenous rate), 4 exotic species, and 2 ecosystem disturbing species. Based on the number of fishes identified, the dominant species was Lepomis macrochirus, and the subdominant species was Hemiculter eigenmanni. The investigation of the age structure of the L. macrochirus found in the 4 water dams in the Ulsan area showed a large population of 1 to 2 old, and the population was growing fast. Moreover, the analysis of the total length-weight relationship and obesity of the L. macrochirus population showed that the regression coefficient b of the total length-weight relationship was greater than 3.0, and the habitat of the L. macrochirus population was in good condition. Obesity had a positive slope, and the growth state was relatively good. The result of this study can be used as useful data to predict the trend of the L. macrochirus fauna inhabiting in 4 water dams in the Ulsan area.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2005

The digital surface model (DSM) is used for several purposes in photogrammetry, remote sensing and laser scanned data such as orthoimage production, contours erivation, extraction of height information. Creation of a surface model from point-clouds (3-D sparse points) that can be derived from stereo imagery and range data (e.g. laser scanned data) can be done with several mathematical interpolation models. In this paper, thin-plate-spline (TPS) is used for digital surface modeling. Determination of suitable weight is an important problem in thin-plate function for a surface. The Voronoi algorithm has been proposed as a method for determination of the weight in thin-plate-spline. In this paper, methods has been tested for different surfaces. The results show that thin-plate-spline can be independent of weight.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1996

In order to known the extend of contribution to the degradation of organic materials and nutrient recycling by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane-producing bacteria (MPB) in sediment, the distribution and activity of these two groups of microorganisms were studied montly in 1994 at two sites, one littoral (Sanggulri) and the other profunndal (DAM), in Lake Soyang. In the seasonal distribution of two microorganisms, SRB were 1.07 $\times$ 10$^{3}$-2.42 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ cells/g-dry weight at Sanggulri, 2.40 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ -1.29 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ at Dam and MPB were 0.52 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ cells/g-dry weight at Sangguri and 1.44 $\times$ 10$^{3}$-6.89 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ at Dam. In these results, the density of SRB in Lake Soyang is much higher than other lakes. These high values might be due to higher sulfate concentration, 0.69-4.05 mM, than normal freshwater, 0.01-1.2 mM. And a good correlation of SRB and chlorophyll a concentration implied that the important environmental factor on distribution of SRB might be the concentration of available organic matter. In a comparison of sulfate-reducing rate and methane producing rate in 1995, the activity of SRB for the degradation of organic matter was higher than MPB by factor of 359. Conclusively SRB superior to MPB in the distribution and activity are more important annearobic bacteria in Lake Soyang sediments.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2009

Recently, the construction of Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) is increasing because rock material resources are plenty in Korea. Bedding zone in the CFRD is necessary enough bearing capacity to support the concrete face slab uniformly and enough impermeability to prevent the loss of fine soils in case of leakage from the concrete slab face. Therefore, cut-off the water leakage in bedding zone securely is the key factor influencing the safety of CFRD. Tested materials satisfied with the specification of particle size distribution at the Bedding Zone area are chosen for conducting permeability tests, which are done to evaluate the property of cut off the materials. Based on the test results, the effects of cut off the materials are investigated by considering the coefficient of permeability, the soil particle distribution, and the dry unit weight. Especially, the relationships between coefficient of permeability with effective size(D10), dry unit weight, and weight passing percent the No.4 sieve are suggested, and also the variation of coefficient of permeability with time are proposed.