• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

가축분 관리는 현재 낙농 및 양돈농가의 중요 관심사로, 본 연구는 액상분뇨의 N 함량을 기준으로 시용수준을 달리하여 시용했을 때 사초용 연맥(Avena sativa L.)의 사초수량 및 품질을 구명하고자 7처리(화학비료표준구 $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, 소 액상분뇨구 120, 240, $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 돼지 액상분뇨구 120, 240, $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$)를 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 1997년 수원에서 수행하였다. 액상분뇨의 시용수준이 중가될 수록 사초용 연맥의 초장은 높았으나, 건물 함량은 떨어졌다. 사초용 연맥의 건물 수량은 액상분뇨의 시용수준간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05) 조단백질 함량은 14.7에서 24.1% 였으며(P<0.05), 조단백질 수량은 돼지액상분뇨 $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 구>소 액상분뇨 $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$구>돼지 액상분뇨 $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$구 순이었다(P<0.05). ADF 함량은 소 액상분뇨구가 돼지 액상분뇨구에 비해 약간 높았고(P<0.05), NDF 함량은 소 액상분뇨구가 돼지 액상분뇨구에 비해 낮았다(P<0.05). 소 액상분뇨구의 상대사료가치(RFV)는 돼지 액상분뇨구와 비교하여 액상분뇨의 시용량이 증가됨에 따라 낮아졌다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 액상분뇨의 N 시용수준이 증가됨에 따라 사초수량도 증가된 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

The study on design criteria of solid-liquid separator for dairy farms was done by testing various screens, presses, and RPMs of screw auger with remodeled screw-press type pig-manure separator. The moisture content of separated solid increase from 68.3% to 74.2% as auger rotating speed increased from 9.8 to 29.2 RPM at 34.8 kPa of pressure and 1.0 mm of slit wedge wire screen condition. The moisture contents of separated solid were 72~77%, work efficiencies were 16~18 kg/min at 1.0 mm of slit wedge wire screen. The efficiency was higher than one at 0.5 mm of slit wedge wire screen, which was used to separate for pig manure. The best work efficiency was 18 kg/min at 42.5 kPa, 1.0 mm slit screen. The separated solid moisture content was 75% at this condition.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1995

액상 폐기물의 자원화 처리 방법의 하나로서 공해방지와 지력증강을 위하여 액상유우 분뇨의 호기성 처리기술을 실용화하는데 기초자료가 되는 액상유우 분뇨의 화학적 특성 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 1)고액 분리하지 않은 액상유우 분뇨의 고형물 농도(TS)는 7.54(%wb), 산도(pH)는 6.92, 유기물 농도(TS)는 79.34(%TS), 화학적 산소 요구량(COD)은 81,300~96,500(mg/$\ell$), 암모니아태 질소(NH$_3$-N)는 1,690~2,300(mgfe), 및 질산태 질소(NO,-Pf)는 36.0-40.0(mg/$\ell$) 이었다. 2) 고액분리된 액상유우 분뇨의 화학적 특성은 우사형식, 분뇨배출방식, 고액분리기 종류 등에 따라 상이하며 고형물 농도는 4.43~7.95(%wb), 산도(pH)는 7.31, 유기물 농도(VS)는 74.57~79.93(%TS), 화학적 산소 요구량(COD)은 52,400~73,700(mg/$\ell$), 암모니아태 질소(NH$_3$-N)는 2,035~2,960(mg/$\ell$), 질산태 질소(NO$_3$-N)는 19.0~30.0(mg/$\ell$) 의 범위를 나타내고 있었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 1999

본 시험은 사일리지용 옥수수와 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스에 대해서 젖소액비 시용방법에 따른 작물생산성과 토양변화에 미치는 영향을 구명코자, 1996년 3월부터 1997년 11월까지 2년동안 축산기술연구소 사료작물 포장에서 수행되었다. 간장에 있어서 두 작목 모두 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 시용한 구(T4)가 각각 260cm와 246cm로 가장 길었다. 반면 엽장과 엽폭은 사일리지용 옥수수의 화학비료 표준구(T1)가 각각 85cm와 10.9cm로 가장 높았고, 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스에서의 엽폭에서는 T1, 엽장에서는 전량 액비시용구(T2)에서 높았다. 조단백질 함량은 두 작목 모두 화학비료표준구(T1)가 각각 6.5%와 8.9%로 높았지만, 가소화양분비율에서는 두 작목 모두 T3구에서 각각 73.8%와 59.0%로 높게 나타났다. TDN 수량에서 사일리지 옥수수의 경우, 화학비료구(9.5톤/ha)와 액비시용구(8.4~9.3톤/ha) 사이에서는 유의적인 수량차이는 인정되지 않았지만, 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종구에서는 화학비료구(T1)의 12.6톤/ha 보다 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 사용한 구(T4)가 13.3톤/ha로 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). 한편 토양중 pH는 두 작목 모두 시험전이 시험 후 보다 높았으며 유기물 함량은 시험 후에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 유효인산 함량과 다른 양이온 함량은 액비 사용방법에 따라 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 토양적인 면과 영양수량적인 면을 고려할 때 사일리지 옥수수에서는 화학비료구와 액비사용형태멸로는 차이가 없었으며, 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종에서는 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 사용한 구가 우수하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.766-771
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• 1999

The first paper of this series compared the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yields and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting system. This paper compares the effects of rates and frequencies of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa, orchardgrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture managed as a 5-cutting system. The results presented here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing alfalfa, various grasses, and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from dairy slurry applied to established stands. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and frequency of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots were the forage species. Manure used for the study was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall dairy barn. Water was added to from a slurry having about 8 % solids. Slurry was pumped from the liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden watering cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields of alfalfa, tall fescue, and alfalfa-orchardgrass were generally not affected by slurry application rates and were not significantly different from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Tall fescue significantly outyielded all other forage species at all manure and the inorganic fertilizer treatments in the second year when rainfall during the growing season was unusually high. Grasses generally had a greater response to manure applications than alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Increasing rates of manure did not increase herbage yields of alfalfa and alfalfa-orchardgrass. Herbage yields within each species were not affected by frequency of application of the same total rate. Stand ratings of alfalfa, orcahrdgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass were significantly lower for the very high manure application rate compared to the control treatment. Based upon the results of this study, multiple annual applications of slurry manure can be made onto these species at rates up to $1,700kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ without detrimental effects on herbage yield and stand persistence.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2012

In this study, the assessment of livestock manure nitrogen loading for recycling farming in Yeoju-Gun carried out comparing manure units based on the cultivation areas and the N-amount of manure that are generated from livestock manure. Manure units (MU) are used in the permitting, registration, because they allow equal standards for all animals based on manure nutrient production. An MU is calculated by multiplying the number of animals by manure unit factor for the specific type of animal. The manure unit factor for MU determination was determined by dividing amounts of manure N produced 80kg N/year. In this study, manure unit by nitrogen concentration and amount of animal manure was calculated as follows: Hanwoo multiplied by 0.36, dairy cows multiplied by 0.8. swine multiplied by 0.105. The laying hens and broilers multiplied by 0.0079, 0.0049, respectively. The analysis of liquid manure unit per ha shows that the N loading by LMU is quite different by region. When it comes to nitrogen loading, the LMU per ha of cultivated land in excess of the N-amount was the highest in the Bukne-myeon province with 2.76 MU/ha, which is higher than the appropriate level. The Ganam-myeon province came next with 2.53 LMU. To be utilized as a valid program to build the environmentally friendly agricultural system, diverse measures shall be mapped out to properly determine manure units, evaluate N-loading and to properly manage their nutrient balance of each region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1993

A study on housing and management of dairy cows was conducted in three villages. All activities of husbandry related to the housing and the condition of the cows were observed and farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire. The main type of housing was a tie stall mostly in the back yard area with a gable or shed type roof. Inside the shed the temperature ranged from 17 to $29^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity ranged from 62 to 73%. Drainage and manure handling was poor which lead to poor cleanliness of the stables and animal skins. The floor space was mostly wide and the roof level was low (less than 2.5 m). The slope of the floor (1-3%) was sufficient, the roughness of the floor was of medium quality. The shape and size of the feed trough was good with a surface of mostly irregular forms. Concentrate was mixed with water and offered in liquid form in pails made from plastic or from parts of rubber car tires. Hoof length was too long which could lead to unstable position and self injury. It is concluded that the housing conditions of dairy cattle need to be improved in order to improve the condition of the animals and the production performance.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

본(本) 시험(試驗)에서는 젖소액비의 시용수준(施用水準)이 담근먹이 옥수수의 생육(生育), 수량(收量), 토양변화(土壤變化) 및 토양중(土壤中) 침출수(浸出水) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)코자 1996년 3월부터 1997년 11월까지 2년동안 축산기술연구소 사료작물 포장에서 수행(遂行)되었다. 간장 및 조단백질 함량은 액비(液肥) 150%구에서 각각 264cm, 6.8%로 가장 높았지만, 건물수량(乾物收量)과 TDN 수량(收量)은 화학비료구(化學肥料區)(T1)가 각각(各各) 14.5톤/ha, 9.5톤/ha로 가장 높았는데 액비로 시용할 경우, 액비 100%구(100톤/ha)가 각각(各各) 14.0톤/ha, 9.1톤/ha으로 T1구의 96% 및 97% 수준(水準)이었다. 토양산도(土壤酸度)는 시험전(試驗前) 토양에서 보다 시험 후 액상분뇨(液狀糞尿) 시용구(施用區) 토양에서 낮게 나타났다. 토양의 유기물(有機物) 함량과 인산 함량은 시험전(試驗前)에 비하여 시험(試驗) 후(後)에 액상분뇨처리구에서 높게 나타났지만 시용량(施用量)을 증가에 따른 비레적 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 한편 액비시용에 따른 침출수 중 $NO_3-N$ 함량은 전기간(全期間)에 걸쳐서 가축의 음용허용치(飮用許容値)보다 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 젖소액비의 적정시용량은 질소 함량 기준으로 200kg/ha(액비 100톤)시용이 적합하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 1999

모든 낙농경영에 있어서 우분의 관리계획은 중요하다. 본 연구는 옥수수-연맥 작부조합에서 소 액상분뇨의 시용수준을 달리하였을 때 잔여효과로 인한 사료가치, 질소 회수율, 총사초수량 및 토양특성 변화를 구명하고자 1997년 4월부터 1997년 10일까지 축산기술연구소 사료포장에서 수행하였고, 8처리[무비구, 화학비료구(요소) $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, 계속시용구 320, 640, $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, 잔여효과구 200, 400, $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$]를 난괴법 3번복으로 설계배치 하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수확 당시 추파 연맥의 평균 초고는 계속시용구가 70.2cm, 잔여효과구가 61.4cm였다. 평균 건물률은 잔여효과구가 계속시용구보다 0.9% 높았으나, 처리간의 유의성은 없었다. 계속시용구가 잔여효과구보다 조단백질 함량은 1.0%, ADF 함량은 1.6%, NDF 함량은 3.1% 높았으며 처리간 유의성도 인정되었다(P<0.05). 사초의 총건물수량은 11,365에서 $25,668kg\;ha^{-1}$ 범위로, $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > $640kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 순이었다(P<0.05). 대조구와 비교하여 비효가는 $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$가 158%였고, $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$는 139%였다. 질소회수율은 $200kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$가 50%로 제일 높았고, 그리고 $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 순으로 높았다. 토양중 치완성양이온함량은 잔여효과구가 계속시용구에 비해 높았다. 이상의 연구결과를 볼 때 옥수수-연맥 작부조합에서 총사초의 건물수량, 비효가, 질소 회수율 면에서 소액상분뇨 $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$가 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.758-765
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• 1999

Comparative studies of the effects of rates and frequency of application of dairy slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa and various forage grasses have not previously been conducted. The results being reported here are part of a larger study having a primary objective of comparing the effectiveness of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), various grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures for utilizing nutrients from applied dairy slurry. The objectives of this part of the study were to evaluate the effects of various rates and frequencies of application of slurry on herbage yield and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and alfalfa-orchanrdgreass and alfalfa-reed canarygrass mixtures managed as a 4-cutting management system. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plots consisted of 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and time of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The sub-plots consisted of the two grasses and two alfalfa-grass mixture mentioned above. Slurry was composed from stored solids scraped from the alleyways of a free-stall housing barn and water added to form a slurry having about 8% solids. Manure was pumped from a liquid spreader tank into 10.4 L garden water cans for manual application to the plots. Herbage yields within species were generally unaffected by various rates of application in the first production year. Herbage yields of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures the second year were generally not affected by frequency of application for the same rate of slurry applied. Slurry application resulted in greater herbage yield increases in grasses than alfalfa-grass mixtures in the 4-cutting management system. In general, herbage dry matter yields of grasses from the dairy slurry treatments equaled or exceeded yields from the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Stand ratings of grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures were not changed by manure application rates. In this study, the highest rate of slurry ($967kg\;total\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1995 plus $2,014kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in 1996) was not detrimental to herbage yields or stand persistence of any of the species. It was concluded that applying dairy slurry to these cool-season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures managed in a 4-cutting system is an acceptable practice from the standpoint of herbage yield and satnd persistence and by doing so the utilization of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced.