• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1976

Observation was performed for incidence of chronic necrotic pododermatitis to 1,387 heads of Hostein cows in 25 dairy herds during one year period from March 1975 to Feb. 1976. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Sixty four heads of cow affected chronic necrotic pododermatitis during the observation period and the incidence rate shown 4.61%. 2. Incidence of chronic necrotic pododermatitis was more prevalent of all foot disease and it was occupied 60.9% of all foot disease. 3. The highest incidence was observed on August and September in the season high in temperature and humidity. 4. The disease was more frequently seen affecting in hind than front limbs, and lateral than medial claws. 5. The disease was more frequently seen affecting in older cows, and higher production cows.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.537-543
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• 1987

In order to compare the diagnosis values the Rolling Ball Viscometer(RBV) and the California Mastitis Test(CMT) for detection of bovine subclinical mastitis, A total of 2204 quarter milk samples from 565 heads of Holstein in Gyeongnam area were examined d

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.788-791
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• 2020

낙농업에서 경제적 손실을 불러일으키고 관찰 시간과 비용이 필요한 젖소의 유방염 관리는 중요하다. 그러나 지금까지의 연구는 유방염 진단에 초점을 맞추고 있고, 예측하려는 시도는 전무하다. 유방염에 걸린 개체는 며칠 동안 우유를 생산할 수 없기 때문에 낙농가에 막대한 피해를 준다. 따라서 젖소가 유방염에 걸려 증상이 나타나기 전에 미리 파악해 조처를 할 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 유방염 예측을 위해 생체 데이터를 포함한 다중 센싱 데이터를 사용해 유방염 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 모델에 사용된 데이터는 충청남도의 농가에 설치된 로봇 착유기로 부터 수집하였으며, 일정 기간 동안의 다중 센싱 데이터를 바탕으로 다음 날의 유방염 여부를 예측한다. 많은 양의 비선형 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 다층 퍼셉트론을 사용해 모델을 학습하였다. 그 결과, 81.6%의 예측 정확도를 보였으며 교차 검증을 통해 정확도뿐만 아니라 재현율까지 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.413-426
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects on fermentation characteristics of rumen microorganism by different types and levels of lignosulfonate treated soybean meal (LSBM) in in vitro test and rumen simulation continuous culture (RSCC) system in dairy cows. The experiment I was control and 12 treatments (each with 3 replications) in vitro test to demonstrate composition of different types of treatments with lignosulfonate (Desulfonate, Na, Ca and solution) and levels (2, 4 and 8%) of soybean meal in the dairy cow diet. LSBM source treatments in the dairy cow diet showed pH value, $NH_3$-N concentration and total VFA concentration lower than control at all levels and incubation times (p<0.05). Dry matter digestibility of LSBM source treatments showed lower than control (p<0.05). Gas production and rumen microbial synthesis was decreased by rumen microbial fermentation for incubation times. Undegradable protein (UDP) concentration of all LSBM treatments was decreased for incubation times, and significantly higher than control (p<0.05). In the experiment II compared diets of the control, LSBM Na 2%, LSBM Sol 2%, which are high performance to undegradable protein (UDP) concentration experiment I in vitro test, and heated treatment lignosulfonate (LSBM Heat) 2% in the dairy cow diet from four station RSCC system ($4{\times}4$ Latin square). A rumen microbial fermentation characteristic was stability during 12~15 days of experimental period in all treatments. The pH value of LSBM treatments was higher than control treatment (p<0.05). The $NH_3$-N concentration, VFA concentration and rumen microbial synthesis of LSBM treatments were lower than control (p<0.05). The undegradable protein (UDP) showed LSBM Na 2% (45.28%), LSBM Sol 2% (43.52%) and LSBM Heat 2% (43.49%) higher than control (41.55%), respectively (p<0.05). Those experiments were designed to improve by-pass protein of diet and milk protein in the dairy cows. We will conduct those experiments the in vivo test by LSBM treatments in dairy cows diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.408-415
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of the paper was to compare the fit of data derived from daily automatic milking systems (AMS) and monthly test-day records with the use of lactation curves; data was analysed separately for primiparas and multiparas. Methods: The study was carried out on three Polish Holstein-Friesians (PHF) dairy herds. The farms were equipped with an automatic milking system which provided information on milking performance throughout lactation. Once a month cows were also subjected to test-day milkings (method A4). Most studies described in the literature are based on test-day data; therefore, we aimed to compare models based on both test-day and AMS data to determine which mathematical model (Wood or Wilmink) would be the better fit. Results: Results show that lactation curves constructed from data derived from the AMS were better adjusted to the actual milk yield (MY) data regardless of the lactation number and model. Also, we found that the Wilmink model may be a better fit for modelling the lactation curve of PHF cows milked by an AMS as it had the lowest values of Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, mean square error, the highest coefficient of determination values, and was more accurate in estimating MY than the Wood model. Although both models underestimated peak MY, mean, and total MY, the Wilmink model was closer to the real values. Conclusion: Models of lactation curves may have an economic impact and may be helpful in terms of herd management and decision-making as they assist in forecasting MY at any moment of lactation. Also, data obtained from modelling can help with monitoring milk performance of each cow, diet planning, as well as monitoring the health of the cow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1070-1074
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• 1999

Growth and feeding studies were conducted to determine effects of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKOM) on growth performance (as protein efficiency), and milk production and composition. In the growth study, 24 individually fed Karayaka lambs (4 mo. and 25.55 kg LW) were used to determine protein efficiency calculated using the Slope Ratio Technique. In the feeding trial, 4 Jersey cows were arranged in $4{\times}4$ Latin squares experiment to measure effects of diets containing HKOM, soybean meal (SBM) corn gluten meal (CGU) and urea (U) on milk production and composition. Protein efficiencies for HKOM, SBM and CGM were found as $1.342{\pm}0.499$, $0.879{\pm}0.488$ and $1.833{\pm}0.893$, respectively. Milk production for the cows consuming concentrates, containing HKOM, SBM, CGM and U, were $13.97{\pm}0.99$, $13.20{\pm}1.09$, $14.86{\pm}0.68 $ and $13.06{\pm}1.23kg/d$ (p<0.01), respectively. There were no differences (p>0.05) among diets for milk protein content were statistically different (p<0.05), although milk DM and fat percentage as well as milk solids-not-fat and lactose percentage (p<0.01). The highest DM intake was associated with the U diet, intake was intermediate with the SBM and HKOM diets, and the lowest with CGM diet (p<0.05). In conclusion, there data may indicate that the HKOM is useful in diets as a protein source for growing ruminants and lactating cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 1993

Biogas created from animal waste is a precious energy source. A practical and successful utilization of the biogas is not easy, because there lie some difficulties in biogas production and facilities investment. In this study, the requisites for a successful biogas utilization were discussed. The production results obtained in the previous operation of anaerobic digestion plant were used for the simulation. When the slurry heating was designed for constant biogas generation, depreciation costs of the facilities amounted 1,175,000 yen per year, and biogas productions at $24.5^{\circ}C$, $30.0^{\circ}C$ and $35.5^{\circ}C$ were $16.8m^3$, $17.6m^3$ and $25.1m^3$, respectively. Removal ratios of organic matters were not so high. At $35.5^{\circ}C$, energy value of the biogas produced was estimated 125.5 Mcal per day, and the following heat loss (y Mcal/day) was brought about by the temperature difference ($X^{\circ}C$) between the digester and atmosphere; y = 0.769X - 5.375. The costs of biogas production per cow were assumed to decrease according to enlargement of feeding scale, especially on scales of more than 30 cows. On recent levels of costs and prices of energy in Japan, they were nearly equal to 2 to 3 fold of the price of municipal mixed gas when a anaerobic digester was compulsorily heated and kept at $30.0^{\circ}C$ or $35.5^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.609-615
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• 1999

From July of 1997 to June of 1998, total 279 raw milk samples over withdrawal period after mastitis treatment from dairy farms located in the provinces of Kyonggi and Choongchung were collected to test drug residues. Each sample was tested by TTC- II test and Delvotest SP. Among the total 152 raw milk samples of cow treated by ${\beta}$-lactams, 32 samples(21.2%) were positive on the Delvotest and 15 samples(9.9%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. Also, from the total 37 samples treated by sulfonamides, 5 samples(13.5%) were positive on the Delvotest and 3 samples(8.1%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. For the total 55 raw milk samples of cow treated by tetracyclines, 9 samples(16.4%) were positive on the Delvotest and 5 samples(9.1%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. In addition, from the total 35 samples treated by aminoglycosides, 7 samples(20.0%) were positive on the Delvotest and 5 samples(14.3%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. Our study shows that it is possible that drugs are to be detected by the drug residues test of an individual raw milk even over the withdrawal period after mastitis treatment and the raw milk of bulk tank.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2013

This study was conducted among 120 different breed cows at selected areas of Sirajgonj district from March to July 2010 to compare the reproductive performance of crossbred and Desi cows at farmer's level. The results showed that the average daily milk yield of Desi, Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi, Friesian ${\times}$ Desi and Jersey ${\times}$ Desi cows was $2.3{\pm}0.2$, $4.9{\pm}0.9$, $6.0{\pm}1.0$ and $5.7{\pm}0.9$ liters, respectively. The milk yield of crossbred cows ($5.5{\pm}0.6$ liters/day) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than Desi cows ($2.3{\pm}0.2$ liters/day). The average age at puberty of Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi, Friesian ${\times}$ Desi and Jersey ${\times}$ Desi was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of Desi breed. The crossbred cows had significantly (p<0.01) lower pubertal age ($20.4{\pm}1.2$) than Desi ($25.9{\pm}1.1$). The age at first calving in Desi cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher ($37.6{\pm}1.1$ months) than crossbred cows ($31.2{\pm}1.3$ months). The average gestation length of Desi, Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi, Friesian ${\times}$ Desi and Jersey ${\times}$ Desi was $289.9{\pm}1.4$, $285.0{\pm}0.0$, $285.0{\pm}4.2$ and $282.1{\pm}2.4$ days, respectively. It is suggested that the overall reproductive performance of Friesian ${\times}$ Desi, Jersey ${\times}$ Desi and Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi cows were better than that of Desi cow.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of recombinant BST formulation treatment on the milk yield, milk components, mastitis, and general cow health condition when the formulations of retinyl palmitate, cholecalciferol and rBST were administered after the peak period of milk production. The milk yields of treatment groups (Group I, II, III and IV) were increased from 21.5% to 29.0% than that of control group. There was significant difference in milk production between treatment group II, IV and control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in milk production between treatment group I, III and control group (P<0.05). And the addition of retinyl palmitate and cholecalciferol into rBST formulation did not increase the milk yield. The milk of treatment groups with sustained-release rBST did not show significant difference in milk components (milk fat, protein, lactose, and solid not fat). However, there were minor changes, primarily in fat content of milk, during the first few weeks of rBST administration. There was no incidence of clinical mastitis between rBST treatment groups and control group. Addition of high and medium concentration of retinyl palmitate and cholecalciferol into sustained-release rBST formulation was efficient in reduction of somatic cell count in milk. There was great energy deficit in all treatment groups compared with control group during the early study period. Thus, the body condition score of all treatment groups showed lower value than control group. No evidences of metabolic health problems, such as ketosis, milk fever, and downer cow were observed. Incidence of general lameness did not appear on all treatment groups during 140 days of this study.