• 약학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2013

Herbal medicine has been traditionally used in Asian countries for a long time. Many pharmacological effects are identified in the herbs and these herbs are believed to be safe for human. However, the safety or adverse effect of some traditional herbal medicines has not been established. We have chosen Cyperi rhizoma based on the Korea Herbal Pharmacopoeia and which have been widely used for an anti-inflammatory effect in Korea. The object of the study was to evaluate safety of Cyperi rhizoma in rats. The aqueous extract of Cyperi rhizoma was prepared according to the standard hot water extraction method of the Korea Pharmacopoeia. In the sub-chronic study, the aqueous extract of Cyperi rhizoma was orally administered once daily as 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day to male and female F344 rats for 13 weeks. There were no treatment related abnormalities in mortality, clinical signs, food consumption, ophthalmologic examination, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, gross observation, organ weight and histopathologic examination. In conclusion, The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for Cyperi rhizoma aqueous extract was determined as more than 2000 mg/kg/day in the present experimental condition.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1999

자해행동은 정신지체에서 자주 나타나며, 특히 자폐증에서 더욱 많이 나타난다. 자해행동은 질환이라기보다는 하나의 증상군으로 다루어져왔지만, 사망률에 직접적인 영향을 줄만큼 응급인 임상적 상황이다. 본 증례는 반복적으로 머리를 때리는 자해행위를 보이는 난치성 자폐증 장애 환아가 입원한 상태에서 약물요법과 행동치료를 병행하여 치료하였기에 임상경험을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환아는 7세된 남아로 99년 4월 20일 자해행동을 주소로 OO대학교 어린이병원 소아정신과에 내원하였으며 7월 10일까지 12주간 입원치료를 받았다. 약물치료로는 입원 4주경부터 haloperidol 0.5mg에서 1.0mg으로 증량하였고, naltrexone을 $25{\sim}50mg$을 입원기간중에 병합 투여하였다. 행동치료로는 차등강화(Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior)를 이용하여 정규적인 놀이학습을 수행하였고, 초기에 사용했던 신체적 강박을 해제하기 위해서 머리 보호대와 팔거리를 이용하였다. 현재 외래 통원치료중이며 약물은 haloperidol 0.5mg 및 naltrexone 50mg을 유지하고 있고, 환아 모를 교육하여 집에서 놀이학습을 한시간씩 수행하고 있다. 퇴원당시 자해행동은 중등도 이상 감소되었으며 외래에서도 호전된 상태를 계속 유지하고 있다.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2013

최근 국내의 양식 메기에 표피 박리와 근육 괴사를 특징으로 하는 새로운 질병이 발생하였다. 그 폐사율은 낮으나 질병으로 인한 상품가치의 저하로 경제적 손실이 크다. 병어로부터 원인균을 분리하고 자연감염어와 인위감염어의 병리학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 원인균은 Aeromonas veronii로 동정되었으며, 원인균을 건강어에 인위감염시켜 폐사 및 증상의 발현을 매일 관찰하였다. 인위감염된 어류의 증상은 자연감염어와 유사하였으며 원인균을 감염시킨 후 7일 이내에 모두 폐사하였다. 병어의 조직표본을 제작하여 관찰한 결과, 자연감염어의 간, 비장, 신장의 울혈 및 간세포 변성과 비장 협조직의 초자적변성이 관찰되었으며, 특히 심장에서 염증성 변성과 세균응집체가 관찰되었다. 소화관에서의 울혈과 점막고 유층의 섬유화 현상도 특징적이었다. 자연감염어에 비해 약한 경향이지만 인위감염어의 조직학적 변화도 관찰되었으며, 소화관에서의 조직학적 변성은 관찰되지 않았다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2008

Purpose: We conducted this retrospective epidemiological study to assess the incidence and severity of lower extremity injuries in Korea Methods: For this study, we retrospectively reviewed nationwide lower-extremity injury data compiled from 2001 to 2003 based on the National Injury Database, what included National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), Car Insurance, and Industry Insurance data. Data were standardized in terms of demographic characteristics, region, and socioeconomic status by using NHIC data. To assess the degree of the injuries, we used the Modified Abbreviated Injury Scale (MoAIS), what has been changed from the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) code. By using the Excess Mortality Ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score (EMR-ISS), we classified the degree of severity into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and critical. Results: From 2001 to 2003, lower extremity injuries increased slightly, with a yearly average of 2,437,335. Insurance data should that lower-extremity injuries were the most common, followed by upper-extremity injuries. Significant difference were seen in the numbers of lower extremity injuries based on gender and age. As for provinces, Seoul and Gyeongi provinces had the highest numbers of cases. Junlabukdo had the highest rate of 55,282 cases per 1 million people for standardized gender and population. The annual incidence of the insured patients with lower extrimity injuries was higher than the employer's medical insurance contributions to the medical insurance program. Daily cases occur most often in May and June, with the lowest occurrences being in January and February. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that lower extremity injuries comprised common cause of all injuries. In addition, differences associated with gender, location and socioeconomic status were observed. Further studies are needed to find reasons and then this knowledge will allow strategies to prevent the lower extremity injuries.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2012

가금류 제품에서 항생제의 잔류와 내성균의 출현으로 인해 항생제 대체물질에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 특히 생균제와 활성촉진제 또는 이들을 조합한 신바이오틱의 사용이 권장되고 있다. 본 연구는 새로운 생균제 CS61 배양액의 사료첨가 급여가 육계의 성장 및 사료효율에 미치는 영향과 안전성을 평가하여 항생제를 대체할 수 있는 사료첨가제로서의 개발가능성을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. CS61 배양액은 0, 0.1 및 1%의 용량으로 28일간 사료에 혼합하여 육계에게 급여하였다. 시험결과, 시험물질 처치군에서 부검 시의 체중과 일당증체량이 대조군에 비해 용량의존적으로 증가하였다. CS61 배양액의 사료 내 첨가는 대조군 동물에 비해 사료효율도 개선하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 일반증상과 사망률, 부검소견, 혈액학치 및 혈청생화학치에서는 시험물질의 처치와 관련된 독성소견이 관찰되지 않았다. RAW 264.7 세포를 이용한 일산화질소 시험에서 정제된 CS61 펩타이드는 lipopolysaccharide에 유도된 일산화질소 생성을 용량의존적으로 억제하였다. 본 시험결과는 육계에 CS61 배양액의 사료첨가 급여는 항염증효과를 통해 성장과 사료효율을 개선할 수 있음을 보여주며, 사료첨가제로서 CS61 배양액의 유용성과 개발가능성을 시사해 주고 있다.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2018

Sarcopenia, a common clinical syndrome in older adults, is defined as decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Since sarcopenia is associated with the incidence of functional decline, falls, and even mortality in older adults, researchers and health care providers have been keen to accumulate clinical evidence to advocate the screening and prevention of sarcopenia progression in older adults. The factors that may accelerate the loss of muscle mass and function include chronic diseases, inactivity, and deficiency in appropriate nutritional support. Among these, nutritional support is considered an initial step to delay the progression of muscle wasting and improve physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. However, a nationwide study suggested that most Korean older adults do not consume sufficient dietary protein to maintain their muscle mass. Furthermore, considering age-associated anabolic resistance to dietary protein, higher protein intake should be emphasized in older adults than in younger people. To develop a dietary protein recommendation for older adults in Korea, we reviewed the relevant literature, including interventional studies from Korea. From these, we recommend that older adults consume at least 1.2 g of protein per kg of body weight per day (g/kg/day) to delay the progression of muscle wasting. The amount we recommend (1.2 g/kg/day) is 31.4% higher than the previously suggested recommended daily allowance (i.e., 0.91 g/kg/day) for the general population of Korea. Also, evidence to date suggests that the combination of exercise and nutritional support may enhance the beneficial effects of protein intake in older adults in Korea. We found that the current studies are insufficient to build population-based guidelines for older adults, and we call for further researches in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the influence of dietary flavonoids on the growth performance, blood and intestinal profiles, and carcass characteristics of broilers by employing a meta-analysis method. Methods: A database was built from published studies which have reported on the addition of various levels of flavonoids from herbs into broiler diets and then monitored growth performance, blood constituents, carcass proportion and small intestinal morphology. A total of 42 articles were integrated into the database. Several forms of flavonoids in herbs were applied in the form of unextracted and crude extracts. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the doses of flavonoids were treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. Results: Dietary flavonoids increased (quadratic pattern; p<0.05) the average daily gain of broilers in the finisher phase. There was a reduction (p<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio of the broilers both in the starter (linear pattern) and finisher phases (quadratic pattern). The mortality rate tended to decrease linearly (p<0.1) with the addition of flavonoids, while the carcass parameter was generally not influenced. A reduction (p<0.001) in cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations (both linearly) was observed, while super oxide dismutase activity increased linearly (p<0.001). Increasing the dose of flavonoids increased (p<0.01) the villus height (VH) and villus height and crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio (p<0.05) in the duodenum. Similarly, the VH:CD ratio was elevated (p<0.001) in the jejunum following flavonoid supplementation. Conclusion: Increasing levels of flavonoids in broilers diet leads to an improvement in growth performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOD), catalase (CAT), or both supplementation on reproductive performance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sows. Methods: A total of 104 multiparous sows were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 26) with each group given a basal diet, basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg, basal diet plus CAT at 75 U/kg, and basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg and CAT at 75 U/kg. Sows were fed the experimental diets throughout gestation and lactation. Results: Dietary GOD supplementation increased average daily feed intake of sows and litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Dietary CAT supplementation reduced the duration of parturition, stillbirth, and piglet mortality and increased growth performance of weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and lessened oxidative stress product levels in plasma of sows and elevated antioxidant capacity of 14-day milk and plasma in weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD supplementation increased fecal Lactobacillus counts and reduced Escherichia coli counts of sows (p<0.05). Compared with the basal diet, the GOD diet reduced fecal Escherichia coli counts of sows, but the addition of CAT did not reduce Escherichia coli counts in the GOD diet. Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation reduced the apoptosis rate of the liver, endometrium, and ovarian granulosa cells in sows (p<0.05). In the liver, uterus, and ovary of sows, the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was downregulated by dietary GOD and CAT supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity of sows and weaned piglets, and alleviate hepatic, ovarian and uterine apoptosis by weakening apoptosis-related gene expression. Glucose oxidase regulated fecal microflora of sows, but supplementation of CAT to GOD could weaken the inhibitory effect of GOD on fecal Escherichia coli.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권6호
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• pp.681-689
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• 2023

Objective : Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a condition characterized by bleeding in the subarachnoid space, often resulting from the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Delayed cerebral ischemia caused by vasospasm is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in SAH patients, and inflammatory markers such as systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and derived NLR (dNLR) have shown potential in predicting clinical vasospasm and outcomes in SAH patients. This article aims to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmatic SAH (aSAH) and evaluate the predictive value of various indices, including SIRI, SII, NLR, and dNLR, in predicting clinical vasospasm. Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 96 patients who met the inclusion criteria out of a total of 139 patients admitted Trakya University Hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of aSAH between January 2013 and December 2021. Diagnostic procedures, neurological examinations, and laboratory tests were performed to assess the patients' condition. The Student's t-test compared age variables, while the chi-square test compared categorical variables between the non-vasospasm (NVS) and vasospasm (VS) groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory parameters, calculating the area under the ROC curve, cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results : The study included 96 patients divided into two groups : NVS and VS. Various laboratory parameters, such as NLR, SII, and dNLR, were measured daily for 15 days, and statistically significant differences were found in NLR on 7 days, with specific cut-off values identified for each day. SII showed a significant difference on day 9, while dNLR had significant differences on days 2, 4, and 9. Graphs depicting the values of these markers for each day are provided. Conclusion : Neuroinflammatory biomarkers, when used alongside radiology and scoring scales, can aid in predicting prognosis, determining severity and treatment decisions for aSAH, and further studies with larger patient groups are needed to gain more insights.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.714-726
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• 2024

흉부 CT상 폐기종이나 간질성 폐질환의 형태나 범위를 인공지능을 이용하여 자동적으로 객관적으로 진단하는 다양한 알고리즘을 개발되고, 이를 증명하는 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 흉부 CT상 인공지능을 이용한 폐기종 정량화 연구들을 보면 CT상 폐기종의 상대적인 양이 증가와 폐 기능의 악화와 연관이 있으며, 특히 중심성 폐기종을 중심으로 정량화를 하는 것이 임상 증상이나 만성폐쇄성 폐질환의 사망률을 예측하는 데 도움이 된다고 보고하고 있다. 또한, 간질성 폐질환에서는 인공지능이 CT상 통상성 간질성 폐렴의 형태를 정상, 간유리 음영, 망상형 음영, 벌집 모양, 폐기종, 경화로 분류를 할 수 있고, 인공지능이 흉부영상의학과 전문의와 비슷한 정도로 통상성 간질성 폐렴을 진단(70%-80%) 할 수 있다고 보고했다. 그러나 인공지능의 결과들이 흉부 CT의 스캔 변수들, 재구성 알고리즘, 방사선 선량, 개발된 인공지능 훈련 데이터에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이러한 이유로 아직까지 흉부 CT상 폐기종과 간질성 폐질환의 진단과 정량화는 실제로 일상 업무에서 제한적으로 사용되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 폐기종과 간질성 폐질환의 진단과 정량화를 위해서 인공지능을 사용하고 있는 저자들의 경험을 증례로 소개를 하고, 이 두 질환의 인공지능의 효용성과 제한점에 대해서 언급하고자 한다.