• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1996

Results of experiments on the nutrient requirements and feeding system of broiler breeder hens were reviewed, and daily requirements of energy and protein were calculated using the prediction equations reported by Scott(1977) and NRC(1981). The experimental reports on daily ME needs of broiler breeder hens were ranged from 400 to 450 kcal, however, the ME needs of caged hens were 92~93% to those of floor-housed hens due to the difference of ME need for activity. The ME needs of broiler breeders decreased with increasing environmental temperature corresponding to a drop of 25 kcal per day for each 5˚C rise. About 80~90% of the daily ME needs were used for body rnaintenance and activity of hens. Experimental results on daily protein needs of broiler breeder hens were ranged from 18 to 22 g, however, calculated protein needs decreased as the BW gain and eggmass output decreased after peak production, and about 60~65% of the daily protein needs were used for egg production. In the current practice, broiler breeder hens are restricted in feed, and consume their daily allowance in the first 2 to 6 h after dawn. The results suggest that eggshell quality can be significantly improved in hens fed during the afternoon when shell calcification is initiated, with no adverse effect on laying rate and fertility of eggs.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2010

본 연구는 답리작에서 보리를 재배하여 사일리지를 조제하고 거세 한우에게 청보리 사일리지를 급여하여 성장, 사료이용성, 도체특성 및 육질개선 효과를 구명하고자 전북 정읍 농가에서 4개월령 거세 한우 육성우 21두를 공시하여 27개령까지 사육하였다. 대조구(일반볏짚구), 청보리 사일리지구, 생볏짚 사일리지+청보리 사일리지구 등 3처리를 두었으며, 배합사료는 육성기는 체중의 1.5%, 비육전기는 1.8%, 비육후기는 자유 채식하도록 하였고, 조사료는 사육기간 자유채식을 원칙으로 하였다. 청보리 사일리지의 평균 생산량은 ha당 사일리지 17,135 kg, 건물 6,011 kg 이었으며, 사일리지의 품질등급은 청보리에서 2~3등급, 생볏짚은 4등급이었다. 청보리 사일리지 급여로 거세 한우증체와 배합사료 절감효과가 뚜렷하였는데, 육성기에는 일당증체 65% 증가, kg 증체당 배합사료 35% 절감, 비육전기는 일당증체 7% 증가, kg 증체당 배합사료 19% 절감, 그리고 전기간으로는 일당증체 8% 증가, kg 증체당 배합사료 18% 절감효과가 있었다. 또 청보리 사일리지구에서 육질 1등급 이상 출현율은 62.5%로 대조구(37.5%)에 비해 높았으며, 근내지방도도 4.38로 대조구(2.75)에 비해 높았고, 고기의 보수력, 가열감량, 다즙성, 연도, 향미 등도 우수하였다(p<0.05). 답리작 재배 청보리는 양질 사료작물로 거세 한우의 증체와 배합사료 절감, 육질개선에 효과적이었으며, 육성기와 비육전기 위주 급여가 바람직하였고, 답리작을 이용한 월동 사료작물 재배확대가 기대되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.678-683
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• 2004

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of exogenous enzymes (cellulases and proteases), yeast culture and effective micro-organism (EM) culture on feed digestibility and the performance of rabbits fed rice bran rich diets over a period of ten weeks. Twenty four, 8 to 9 weeks old male and female New Zealand White rabbits were allotted to 4 dietary treatments; a basal (control) feed containing 43% rice bran, basal feed supplemented with either enzymes, yeast culture or EM. Individual feed intake, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and feed cost were studied. Sex of the rabbits had no significant (p<0.05) influence on the parameters studied. The control group showed the lowest daily feed intake (104.8 g), body weight gain (12.8 g) and the highest feed/gain ratio (8.20 g/g). The highest daily feed intake (114.3 g), body weight gain (20.42 g) and the lowest feed/gain ratio (5.60) were observed with enzymes. Compared to the control, yeast significantly (p<0.05) improved the feed intake, body weight gain and feed/gain ratio by 4.9, 34.4 and 22.0%, respectively, while EM improved (p<0.05) them by 4.0, 32.6 and 21.6%, respectively. All the additives improved (p<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and energy by 4.9-8.7, 3.6-10.7, 5.9-8.3 and 4.3-6.4%, respectively. Higher weights of pancreas (by 38.5-56.4%) and caecum (by 13.1-26.8%, compared to the control) were recorded with all additives but liver weight was increased only by yeast (24.5%) and enzymes (26.7%). Significantly (p<0.05) higher carcass recovery percentages were observed with enzymes (60.55), yeast (60.47) and EM (56.60) as compared to the control (48.52). Enzymes, yeast and EM reduced (p<0.05) the feed cost per kg live weight by 23.8, 15.9 and 15.5%, respectively. Results revealed that enzymes, yeast culture and EM can be used to improve the feeding value of agro-industrial by-products for rabbits in Sri Lanka and thereby to reduce the feed cost. Under the present feeding system, enzyme supplement was the best.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1992

Fourteen Sahiwal ${\times}$ Friesian crossbred heifers were used in a 10-wk feeding trial to determine maintenance energy requirements and efficiency of gain. The heifers were individually fed with a diet consisting of 30% dry grass and 70% concentrates at either 110, 140 or 180% of the anticipated maintenance requirement ($494kJ\;ME/kg^{0.75}/day$). Liveweight of individual heifers was measured weekly to calculate diet requirements and average daily gain (ADG). Diet digestibility was determined for all heifers to determine ME intake. Retained energy (RE) of individual heifers was determined from changes in total body fat and protein using a TOH isotope dilution procedure and, assuming calorific values of 39.3 and 23.6 kJ/g for fat and protein respectively. The estimated ME for maintenance was 433 and $470kJ/kg^{0.75}/day$ by liveweight (ADG) equilibrium and energy (RE) equilibrium analysis respectively. ME requirement for one g of liveight gain was 28 kJ.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2008

The indirect-contact ECG (IDC-ECG) was introduced by a prior study for daily non-intrusive measurements. To improve the signal quality and to extend the application area of IDC-ECG, close study of the frequency characteristics of the IDC-ECG is necessary. In this study, the frequency response of the active electrode for several sample clothes was measured under conditions of actual IDC-ECG measurement with human body. Higher gain in low frequency range than expected by prior study was observed. In addition to it, wide variation in gain according to the cloth type in the low frequency range was observed. Variation in gain caused by moisture variation in the clothes was also observed. This study shows that the parallel R-C connection is proper for electrode model and the resistive factor is influenced by moisture in the clothes. This study is the first that provides the frequency response of the electrode in the actual indirect-contact ECG measurement and it is expected that the results will be helpful to improve the indirect-contact ECG method.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relative weight gain at 2-week intervals up to 6 weeks after birth to predict retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requiring treatment among very low birth weight infants. Methods: A total of 211 preterm infants with birth weights <1,500 g and gestational age <32 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome was the development of ROP requiring treatment. Body weight measurements were recorded daily. Relative weight gains (g/kg/day) were calculated at the second, fourth, and sixth week after birth. Results: Of the 211 infants, 89 developed ROP, of which 41 spontaneously regressed and 48 with early treatment of ROP type I required laser treatment. The relative weight gain at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postnatal age was significantly lower in infants with ROP requiring treatment than in infants without ROP or those with spontaneous regression (P<0.001, P=0.005, and P=0.004, respectively). On logistic regression, poor relative weight gain in the first 2 weeks was found to be related to ROP requiring treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.809; 95% confidence interval, 0.695-0.941; P=0.006). Relative weight gain at 2 weeks postnatal age was significantly lower in infants with ROP requiring treatment compared to that in ROP requiring no treatment (P=0.012). Conclusion: Poor postnatal weight gain in the first 2 weeks of life is an important and independent risk factor for ROP requiring treatment. Postnatal weight gain can predict the development of severe ROP requiring treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2022

Objective : Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are associated with hypothalamic damage that causes hypothalamic obesity, however, the mechanisms underlying CP-related postoperative weight gain remain debatable. This study aimed to elucidate whether the major determinant of postoperative weight gain in patients with CP is hypothalamic injury or steroid replacement therapy. Methods : We included 48 adult patients with CP (age ≥18 years) who underwent transsphenoidal surgery between 2010 and 2018 in a single tertiary center, and whose body weight was measured pre- and postoperatively (<120 days after the surgery). We recruited 144 age- and body mass index-matched patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) as controls. Results : Patients with CP experienced greater postoperative weight gain than patients with NFPA (3.0±5.1 vs. 0.1±3.6 kg, p<0.001). The prevalence of postoperative steroid use was significantly higher in patients with CP than in those with NFPA (89.6% vs. 34.0%, p<0.001). Steroid replacement therapy and CP were associated with postoperative weight gain after adjusting for covariates in overall patients (p=0.032 and 0.007, respectively). In subgroup analysis with postoperative steroid users, weight gain was significantly greater in patients with CP (n=43, 0.96±0.25 kg/month) than in patients with NFPA (n=49, 0.26±0.23 kg/month) even after adjusting for the daily steroid dose (p=0.048). Conclusion : Patients with CP experience greater postoperative weight gain than those with NFPA. Hypothalamic damage itself as well as steroid replacement may contribute to the postoperative weight gain in patients with CP.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2013

본 연구는 사슴의 조사료 원으로 엘크사슴에 대한 청보리 사일리지 급여가 사슴의 사료섭취량, 체중변화 및 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 엘크사슴 21두를 공시하여 건초구, 청보리 사일리지구 및 건초+청보리 사일리지구로 나누어 농후사료를 3.7 kg 정량급여 하고 조사료는 자유채식 시켰으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 엘크사슴의 일당증체량은 건초구, 청보리 사일리지구 및 건초+청보리 사일리지구 혼합구가 각각 0.26, 0.36 및 0.44 kg으로 건초+청보리 혼합구가 가장 높았고, 엘크사슴의 청보리 사일리지 일일섭취량은 6.25~9.00 kg (풍건) 범위였으며, DM 섭취량은 건초구, 건초+청보리 사일리지 혼합구 및 청보리 사일리지 순으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 녹용 생산량은 건초구, 청보리 사일리지구 및 건초+청보리 사일리지구가 각각 8,037, 7,713 및 8,585 g으로 건초+청보리 사일리지 혼합구가 가장 많았다. 3개 처리구간 일당증체량, 녹용생산량 및 사료섭취량은 사슴의 개체차가 심하여 통계적으로 유의성은 인정되지 않았지만(p>0.05) 증체량 및 녹용산량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 경제성 분석에서는 건초+청보리 사일리지 혼합구가 건초 및 청보리 사일리지 단독급여구보다 소득지수가 29~43% 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고려할 때 사슴의 조사료 원으로 청보리 사일리지는 기호성에서 건초를 대체할 만큼의 섭취량을 가지므로 이용가능성이 있었으며, 조사료 원으로 연중 공급이 가능하고, 경제적인 측면에서도 건초보다 유리하여 농가에서 사슴의 조사료 원으로 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 청보리 사일리지 급여 시에는 청보리 사일리지 단독 급여보다는 청보리와 건초를 각각 50%씩 혼합 급여하는 것이 일당증체량, 증체, 녹용생산량 및 경제성에서 가장 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

Three hundred and twenty-four 1 day old chicks were used to determine the effects of fat source and energy to protein ratio on growth performance , carcass composition and the efficiency on nutrient utilization. Chicks were assigned. in a completely randomized design, to 3*3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Chicks received one of three fat sources (n0 fat, tallow, corn oil) and one of three energy to protein ratios(16, 14 and 12kcal ME/g CP). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric(3.2Mcal ME/kg diets) using published ME values for the diet ingredients. Addition of tat to the diet increased ADG, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased percentage body DM and ether extract(EE), but percentage CP was not different, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased efficiency of protein and energy deposition. Addition of fat ad either fallow or corn oil yielded similar results. Reducing the energy to protein ratio of the diet did not affect ADG or gain to feed, but tended to decrease average daily feed intake(p=0.80), as well as resulting in linear(p<0.05) reductions in body percentage DM., EE and also total EE. Increasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect percentage or total body Cp. Adding fat to poultry diets improved growth performance and the efficiency of growth chicks. Decreasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect growth performance, but reduced EE in the body of Chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the optimum substitution level of dried leftover food (DLF) in formula feed for Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers. A total of forty growing steers were assigned to 5 treatments based on substitution level of DLF (at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% level of formula feed). The experiment was carried out with growing steers from 6 months of age to 24 months of age. Average daily gain (ADG) was not affected by DLF substitution level up to 75% of formula feed. However ADG decreased at 100% substitution level. Daily feed intakes were similar among treatments but the amount of feed per 1 kg gain increased with increasing substitution level of DLF. Dressing percentage was around 62% in all treatments without any significant differences. Proportion of quality beef higher than grade 1 was the greatest from animals fed 25% substitution level of DLF. Economic efficiency for Hanwoo steer operator was the highest with 50% substitution level of DLF.